[Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the thyroid].
INTRODUCTION: Langerhans cell histiocytosis, also known as histiocytosis X, has a broad clinical spectrum and highly variable prognosis. Its localization in the thyroid gland is relatively rare and presents particular diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. CASE: A 38-year-old man consulted for an anterior cervical mass that dated back to childhood but which had grown substantially in volume over the past seven months. The workup indicated a left thyroid nodule. We performed a thyroid lobectomy with isthmusectomy. Immunohistochemical and pathology analyses showed Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the thyroid. The immediate postoperative course and subsequent outcome were good (follow-up: 34 months). CONCLUSION: Diagnosis and treatment of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in the thyroid gland often require multidisciplinary cooperation to analyze clinical, radiological, and pathology findings.