Biomedical subjects

Abraham Goldstein

Publications and source records attributed to Abraham Goldstein.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2003

Postpartum maternal hyperthyrotropinemia in an area in which iodine supplementation is required.

Mild maternal hypothyroidism during pregnancy can adversely affect infant development. We studied thyrotropin (TSH) levels in mothers of premature and low-birth-weight infants in Colombia, where iodized salt supplements the diet to correct iodine deficiency. The additional impact of salt restriction in mothers with hypertensive disorders was examined. Blood was spotted on filter paper from 404 mothers and their infants. Using radioimmunoassay (RIA), TSH was measured in the mothers, and TSH and thyroxine in their infants at three postpartum times. Initially, mothers had high TSH levels (i.e., TSH > 10 mU/L in half the mothers at the first assessment). Fourteen days later, only 9.3%, and at calculated term 7.5% were greater than 10 mU/L. Maternal TSH levels correlated with infant birth weight and gestational age (r = 0.47, and r = 0.49, p < 0.01). Initial TSH values were higher in salt restricted (20.1 +/- 2 mU/L, n = 76) versus control mothers (14.6 +/- 0.85, n = 328, p < 0.01), dropping dramatically in both groups 14 days later (to 3.4 +/- 0.7 mU/L vs. 2.8 +/- 0.4 mU/L) and at calculated term (2.8 +/- 0.4 mU/L vs. 2.3 +/- 0.6 mU/L). Increased maternal TSH levels during pregnancy in an iodine-deficient area may be aggravated by salt restriction. Monitoring TSH and supplementing iodine or thyroxine are recommended in pregnancy, especially if dietary salt restriction is prescribed.

Colombia↗

PubMed2002

Cortical potential imaging of episodic memory encoding.

Previous findings suggest that episodic memory encoding is subserved by different brain structures that interplay and transform experience into memories. The present study aims to identify topographic location of the underlying neural generators, and correlate their activities with the subsequent memory effect using electrophysiological neuroimaging of the event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded from 11 healthy subjects participating in word encoding tasks. Cortical potentials were imaged noninvasively from scalp ERPs. Different levels of brain activation were found in the left inferior prefrontal, left temporal and left parietal lobes with different latencies after onset of event. It is concluded that these regions work jointly across both spatial and temporal domains to promote verbal memory formation.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Longitudinal assessment of pituitary-thyroid axis and adrenal function in preterm infants raised by 'kangaroo mother care'.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether complete kangaroo mother care (KMC), a skin-to-skin contact intervention, would affect longitudinal/developmental patterns of hormonal change. METHOD: An open randomized controlled trial was conducted in a large tertiary care hospital, comparing KMC and traditional care for newborn infants weighing less than 2,001 g. Eighty-seven healthy preterm (<37 weeks gestational age) infants from this study provided three blood-spot samples on filter paper: at randomization (postnatal age 1-5 days), 2 weeks later, and at calculated term (41 weeks gestational age). They met a number of additional inclusion criteria including discharge from the hospital within the first postnatal week. The levels of 17alpha-hydroxy-progesterone (17-OHP), thyroxine-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T(4)) were assessed by radioimmunoassay. Birth weight (<1,800 or > or =1,800 g) and prenatal maternal corticosteroid treatment were taken into account in the analysis. INTERVENTIONS: Complete KMC includes early discharge, positioning the infant on the parent's chest in an upright position, 24 h/day in skin-to-skin contact, and breast-feeding. In the traditional care group, infants were discharged according to routine hospital practice. RESULTS: Levels of 17-OHP and TSH decreased significantly from eligibility to calculated term while T(4) levels did not change significantly over time. Most importantly, overall, treatment (KMC) did not interact with the pattern of physiological change. CONCLUSIONS: Maturation of the pituitary-thyroid axis and adrenal function is apparently not compromised by KMC, at least in healthy preterm infants.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗

PubMed2002

The influence of stimulus deviance and novelty on the P300 and novelty P3.

This study examined the relationship between ERP components elicited by deviant stimuli by disentangling the P300 and Novelty P3 components, using spatiotemporal principal components analysis and a dense electrode array. The three-tone paradigm was used and the pitch attributes of the tones were systematically manipulated so as to map the amplitude of the ERP components on the stimulus context. A comparison was made between the components elicited by events in the three-stimulus, classical oddball, and novelty oddball paradigms. Responses to deviant stimuli consisted of independent and dissociable ERP components in the 400-600-ms time range: A parietal component (P300) that was larger for targets than rare nontargets and was affected by the difficulty of discrimination, a fronto-central component (Novelty P3) that was larger for novel tones and for rare nontargets in the difficult discrimination condition, and an additional anterior negative component responded similarly to all types of deviant stimuli.

Adolescent↗