Biomedical subjects

Adriaan Spruyt

Publications and source records attributed to Adriaan Spruyt.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Automatic affective stimulus processing is intact after unilateral resection of the anterior temporal lobe in humans.

Only hundreds of milliseconds after an incoming stimulus is perceived, we make an evaluation of whether it is good or bad. This evaluation seems to occur automatically and can significantly influence behavior. According to several functional imaging studies, the amygdala, which is localized in the temporal lobes of the brain, is an important structure for the automatic processing of affective stimuli. To investigate how critical a role the amygdala plays in this process, we had 20 participants with unilateral resection of the temporal lobe and 20 controls perform an affective priming task. Both controls and patients demonstrated shorter response latencies on trials where prime and target had the same valence than on trials where prime and target had the opposite valence. This finding is generally known as the affective priming effect and is considered to reflect automatic stimulus evaluation. More specifically, it is assumed that the valence of the prime stimulus is activated automatically and exerts an influence on the speed by which the target stimulus is evaluated. Given that the affective priming effect is equally large in both groups, our results suggest that the automatic processing of stimulus valence is intact in participants who sustained unilateral resection of the temporal lobe.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Determinants and predictive validity of direct and indirect measures of recently acquired food attitudes.

The present study examined whether the affective priming paradigm in the picture-picture naming task can be used to measure recently acquired food attitudes. Food (dis)likes were induced by an evaluative learning procedure in which real food items were contingently paired with sensory liking or expected consequences information. It was found that the picture-picture naming task is capable of measuring recently induced food attitudes irrespective of whether they were based on sensory liking or expected consequences information. In addition, we observed that affective priming effects that are obtained with the naming task can be used to predict food-related choice behaviour, irrespective of whether participants are given time to elaborate on their choice or not. The latter finding, however, emerged only when food attitudes were based on sensory liking.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Affective priming as an indirect measure of food preferences acquired through odor conditioning.

The present study aimed at investigating affective priming for originally neutral food stimuli that recently acquired their affective meaning through odor conditioning. In a first phase, pictures of different brands of yogurts (CSs) were contingently presented with a positive or negative odor (US). In a subsequent phase, the yogurt CSs were used as primes in an affective priming procedure. Rating data showed that the acquisition procedure resulted in a reliable evaluative learning effect. This could be corroborated by the results of the priming task. Participants responded faster to positive target words and made fewer errors when they were preceded by a CS that had been associated with a positive odor, as compared to a CS that was associated with a negative odor. A reversed pattern was present for negative targets. Based on these findings, it is suggested that affective priming might be used as a demand-free measure of evaluative learning.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Automatic non-associative semantic priming: episodic affective priming of naming responses.

Affective priming for associatively unrelated prime-target pairs was investigated using (a) the naming task, (b) a short stimulus onset asynchrony (250 ms), and (c) primes that had acquired their affective connotation during a differential evaluative conditioning procedure. Despite the fact that the primes and the targets were related on the affective dimension only, significant priming emerged. This finding indicates that mere affective overlap is sufficient to produce automatic priming. As such, our results are in line with theoretical accounts of automatic priming that are based on semantic relatedness.

Affect↗

PubMed2004

On the replicability of the affective priming effect in the pronunciation task.

Bargh, Chaiken, Raymond, and Hymes (1996) and Hermans, De Houwer, and Eelen (1994) showed that a valenced target word is pronounced faster after the presentation of an affectively related prime word than after the presentation of an affectively unrelated prime word. This finding is important because it provides crucial evidence for the hypotheses that stimulus evaluation (a) is goal-independent and (b) facilitates the encoding of stimuli that have the same valence. However, recent studies indicate that the affective priming effect is not a reliable finding in the standard pronunciation task. We report the results of a nearly exact replication of Bargh et al.'s (1996) Experiment 2. In line with previous replication studies, we failed to detect the affective priming effect.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Affective priming with subliminally presented pictures.

Affective priming studies have demonstrated that subliminally presented prime words can exert an influence on responses towards positive or negative target stimuli. In the present series of experiments, it was investigated whether these findings can be extended to pictorial stimuli. Ideographically selected positive, neutral, and negative picture primes that were sandwich-masked immediately preceded positive or negative target pictures (Experiment 1) or words (Experiments 2 & 3). Evaluative categorization responses to these target stimuli were significantly influenced by the valence of the prime. First, it was demonstrated that high anxious participants were selectively slowed when the subliminally presented prime was negative (Experiments 1 & 2). Second, the affective congruence between primes and targets also exerted an influence on the responses, but in a direction that is opposite to what is typically observed in affective priming research. These reverse priming effects are situated within a series of recent similar findings, and implications for theories of affective priming are discussed.

Affect↗