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Biomedical subjects

Adrian Bauman

Publications and source records attributed to Adrian Bauman.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Impact of a mass media campaign upon calls to the New South Wales Hep C helpline.

ISSUE ADDRESSED: This study evaluated the impact of a mass media campaign upon calls to the New South Wales Hep C Helpline. METHODS: A time-series design was used to record the number and characteristics of calls to the helpline before, during and after the campaign. RESULTS: The incidence rate ratio of calls during the month of the campaign was 3.12 (95% CI 2.45-3.97) compared with the months before the campaign, and in this month more callers were < or =30 years or > or =60 years of age or non-English speaking while fewer were professionals or people directly affected by hepatitis C. Callers during the campaign were more likely to have heard about the helpline through the media and to want information about disease transmission, and less likely to want to discuss topics such as support and legal issues. CONCLUSIONS: The calls received by the Hep C Helpline indicate that the campaign was a useful way to generate public interest about hepatitis C. The findings indicate that telephone helplines are an information dissemination strategy that can be coupled effectively with mass media campaigns about this issue.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Process evaluation of the New South Wales Walk Safely to School Day.

ISSUES ADDRESSED: Concerns about the contribution of lower physical activity by children on levels of childhood obesity have driven the search for interventions that encourage lifestyle physical activity by school-aged children. METHOD: This paper describes the evaluation of the New South Wales (NSW) Walk Safely To School Day (WSTSD), an event repeated annually on the first Friday in April from 2001 to 2004. Paid media advertising before the event promoted WSTSD. All primary schools in NSW were invited to participate. The evaluation included monitoring of schools registering to participate over four years, and in 2002 evaluation feedback from schools as well as a population-based telephone survey of randomly selected parents of primary school-aged children. RESULTS: By 2004, 53% of all primary schools in NSW had participated at least once in WSTSD and 15% had participated for at least three years. Participating schools linked WSTSD to road safety curricula, and 59% of schools also talked about WSTSD at school assemblies, but few (7%) organised walking-related activities. Parents reported that one-quarter (24%) of NSW primary school-aged students participated in WSTSD activities, including an additional 31% more children walking to school on WSTSD than would normally walk on a Friday. CONCLUSION: Walk Safely To School Day resulted in a moderate short-term change in walking behaviour. High levels of in-principle support from parents indicate that greater participation in walking to school is possible, but will require stronger interventions to overcome the barriers identified by parents and to maintain changes.

Awareness↗
PubMed2005

Neighborhood influences on physical activity in middle-aged and older adults: a multilevel perspective.

Over the past few years, attention has been drawn to the importance of neighborhood influences on physical activity behavior and the need to consider a multilevel analysis involving not only individual-level variables but also social- and physical-environment variables at the neighborhood level in explaining individual differences in physical activity outcomes. This new paradigm raises a series of issues concerning systems of influence observed at different hierarchical levels (e.g., individuals, neighborhoods) and variables that can be defined at each level. This article reviews research literature and discusses substantive, operational, and statistical issues in studies involving multilevel influences on middle-aged and older adults' physical activity. To encourage multilevel research, the authors propose a model that focuses attention on multiple levels of influence and the interaction among variables characterizing individuals, among variables characterizing neighborhoods, and across both levels. They conclude that a multilevel perspective is needed to increase understanding of the multiple influences on physical activity.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Low levels of recall among adult Canadians of the CSEP/Health Canada physical activity guidelines.

In 1998, Canadian guidelines were released to encourage sedentary adults to become more active. Representative surveys of over 4,400 Canadian adults found that unprompted recall of these guidelines was low (7.4% in 1999 and 5.2% in 2002), but was higher among educated, affluent, middle-aged, and the physically active. Achieving a high level of activity was associated with demographic variables and other information sources, but not with guideline recall. Guideline promotion has not reached those most in need.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Levels of physical activity for colon cancer prevention compared with generic public health recommendations: population prevalence and sociodemographic correlates.

BACKGROUND: The proportion of Australian adults achieving physical activity levels believed to be sufficient for colon cancer prevention was estimated, and sociodemographic correlates (age, gender, educational attainment, occupation, marital status, and children in household) of meeting these levels of activity were analyzed. METHODS: Data from the 2000 National Physical Activity Survey were used to estimate the prevalence of participation in physical activity in relation to three criteria: generic public health recommendations, weekly amount of at least moderate-intensity physical activity currently believed to reduce risk of colon cancer, and weekly amount of vigorous-intensity physical activity believed to reduce risk of colon cancer. RESULTS: Overall, 46% of adults met the generic public health criterion, 26% met the colon cancer criterion based on participation in at least moderate-intensity physical activity, and 10% met the colon cancer criterion based on vigorous-intensity physical activity. Women were less likely than men to meet the colon cancer criteria. Younger and more educated persons were more likely to meet all three criteria. The most pronounced differences between gender, age, and educational attainment groups were found for meeting the amount of vigorous-intensity physical activity believed to reduce risk of colon cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The population prevalence for meeting proposed physical activity criteria for colon cancer prevention is low and much lower than that related to the more generic public health recommendations. If further epidemiologic studies confirm that high volumes and intensities of activity are required, the public health challenges for colon cancer will be significant.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Perceived environment attributes, residential location, and walking for particular purposes.

BACKGROUND: Identifying environmental factors that can influence physical activity is a public health priority. We examined associations of perceived environmental attributes with walking for four different purposes: general neighborhood walking, walking for exercise, walking for pleasure, and walking to get to and from places. METHODS: Participants (n =399; 57% women) were surveyed by mail. They reported place of residence, walking behaviors, and perceptions of neighborhood environmental attributes. RESULTS: Men with the most positive perceptions of neighborhood "aesthetics" were significantly more likely (odds ratio [OR]=7.4) to be in the highest category of neighborhood walking. Men who perceived the weather as not inhibiting their walking were much more likely (OR=4.7) to be high exercise walkers. Women who perceived the weather as not inhibiting their walking were significantly more likely to be high neighborhood walkers (OR=3.8) and those with moderate perceptions of "accessibility" were much more likely to do more walking for pleasure (OR=3.5). CONCLUSIONS: Different environmental attributes were associated with different types of walking and these differed between men and women. Approaches to increasing physical activity might usefully focus on those attributes of the local environment that might influence particular subsets of walking behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Understanding environmental influences on walking; Review and research agenda.

BACKGROUND: Understanding how environmental attributes can influence particular physical activity behaviors is a public health research priority. Walking is the most common physical activity behavior of adults; environmental innovations may be able to influence rates of participation. METHOD: Review of studies on relationships of objectively assessed and perceived environmental attributes with walking. Associations with environmental attributes were examined separately for exercise and recreational walking, walking to get to and from places, and total walking. RESULTS: Eighteen studies were identified. Aesthetic attributes, convenience of facilities for walking (sidewalks, trails); accessibility of destinations (stores, park, beach); and perceptions about traffic and busy roads were found to be associated with walking for particular purposes. Attributes associated with walking for exercise were different from those associated with walking to get to and from places. CONCLUSIONS: While few studies have examined specific environment-walking relationships, early evidence is promising. Key elements of the research agenda are developing reliable and valid measures of environmental attributes and walking behaviors, determining whether environment-behavior relationships are causal, and developing theoretical models that account for environmental influences and their interactions with other determinants.

Environment↗
PubMed2004

Changing the way people think about health-enhancing physical activity: do mass media campaigns have a role?

Mass media campaigns are conducted to influence community norms around health behaviours, including physical activity. Campaigns can reach large populations at relatively low cost, to influence awareness, knowledge and beliefs through to intention and behaviour change. We reviewed 15 campaigns with an explicit focus on physical activity, and explored impacts upon a range of proximal and distal variables. Campaigns achieved high recall, with a median of 70% of the target group aware of the campaign. Increases in knowledge or attitudes to physical activity were found among half the campaigns that reported this measure. Few campaigns reported other proximal variables, such as saliency, beliefs, self-efficacy or behavioural intention. Increases in physical activity were reported among motivated sub-groups of volunteers, but few campaigns reported population increases in activity. Campaigns increase awareness of the issue of physical activity but may not have a population-level effect on behaviour. Campaigns should focus more on influencing proximal variables, such as social norms, to bring about long-term behaviour change. This should be seen as part of a broader strategy, including policy and environmental change. Evaluation designs that measure the full range of variables are preferred to an over-concentration on behaviour alone.

Exercise↗
PubMed2004

Parental safety concerns--a barrier to sport and physical activity in children?

OBJECTIVE: To examine the extent to which parents and carers perceive injury and safety risks as serious enough to prevent or discourage their children, aged 5-12 years, from participating in sports/physical activity and to identify factors that influence these perceptions. METHODS: An analysis of the 2001 New South Wales Child Health Survey. RESULTS: More than one-quarter of parents/ carers of active children aged 5-12 years reported discouraging or preventing children from playing a particular sport (34.7% for boys and 16.6% for girls) because of injury and safety concerns. In boys, the most frequently discouraged sport was rugby league (23.2%), followed by rugby union (7.5%) and Australian rules football (2.8%). Among girls, the most frequently discouraged activities were rollerblading (2.7%), rugby league (2.3%) and soccer (2.1%). Multivariate analysis shows that factors independently associated with parents' decision to prevent/discourage their child from engaging in sport/physical activity include their child's age and gender, language spoken at home, presence of disability, and the respondent's relation to the child. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Efforts need to be made to modify some sports/ activities, such as football codes, in order to minimise injury and to ensure that children continue enjoying their favourite activity well into adulthood. Guidelines designed to promote physical activity among children and young adolescents need to take into account parental concerns regarding the associated risk of injury.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Comparison of surveys used to measure physical activity.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the level of agreement in results obtained from four physical activity (PA) measurement instruments that are in use in Australia and around the world. METHODS: 1,280 randomly selected participants answered two sets of PA questions by telephone. 428 answered the Active Australia (AA) and National Health Surveys, 427 answered the AA and CDC Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys (BRFSS), and 425 answered the AA survey and the short International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). RESULTS: Among the three pairs of survey items, the difference in mean total PA time was lowest when the AA and NHS items were asked (difference=24) (SE:17) minutes, compared with 144 (SE:21) mins for AA/BRFSS and 406 (SE:27) mins for AA/IPAQ). Correspondingly, prevalence estimates for 'sufficiently active' were similar for AA and NHS (56% and 55% respectively), but about 10% higher when BRFSS data were used, and about 26% higher when the IPAQ items were used, compared with estimates from the AA survey. CONCLUSIONS: The findings clearly demonstrate that there are large differences in reported PA times and hence in prevalence estimates of 'sufficient activity' from these four measures. IMPLICATIONS: It is important to consistently use the same survey for population monitoring purposes. As the AA survey has now been used three times in national surveys, its continued use for population surveys is recommended so that trend data over a longer period of time can be established.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2004

Changes in neighborhood walking are related to changes in perceptions of environmental attributes.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have found significant cross-sectional associations of perceived environmental attributes with physical activity behaviors. Prospective relations with environmental factors have been examined for vigorous activity, but not for the moderate-intensity activities that environmental and policy initiatives are being designed to influence. PURPOSE: To examine prospective associations of changes in perceptions of local environmental attributes with changes in neighborhood walking. METHODS: Baseline and 10-week follow-up telephone interviews with 512 adults (49% men). RESULTS: Men who reported positive changes in aesthetics and convenience were twice as likely to increase their walking. Women who reported positive changes in convenience were more than twice as likely to have increased their walking. There were contrasting findings for men and women who reported traffic as less of a problem: Men were 61% less likely to have increased walking; however, women were 76% more likely to have done so. CONCLUSIONS: Further studies are needed to determine the possibly causal nature of such environment-behavior relations and to elucidate relevant gender differences. Such evidence will provide underpinnings for public health initiatives to increase participation in physical activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of the national 'Push Play' campaign in New Zealand--creating population awareness of physical activity.

AIMS: Physical inactivity is considered to be as detrimental to public health as hypertension or tobacco use, but there is limited evidence on the impact of community-wide interventions in this area. This paper describes the impact of an initiative to increase physical activity at a population level in New Zealand. METHODS: A media-led, community-wide intervention campaign was initiated by the Hillary Commission (now SPARC, Sport and Recreation New Zealand). The 'Push Play' campaign recommended 30 minutes of daily, moderate-intensity physical activity as fun, part of community life, and easy to achieve for New Zealand adults. In addition, there were community-level and primary care supporting programmes and events. Annual cross-sectional population surveys (1999-2002) monitored the impact of the campaign on message awareness, recognition of the Push Play logo, intention to be active, and recent activity. RESULTS: There were substantial increases in awareness of the Push Play message (30% in 1999 to 57% in 2002, p <0.001), and of the Push Play logo (14% to 52%, p <0.001). There were significant increases in the numbers of adults who intended to be more active (1.8% in 1999 to 9.4% in 2002). No sustained changes in physical activity levels were seen in these Push Play serial evaluation surveys, with 38.6% of the 1999 sample reporting 5+ days activity per week, increasing to 44.5% in 2000, but declining to 38.0% in 2002. The only significant difference in physical activity levels occurred from 1999 to 2000 (difference 5.8%, 95% CI 0.1%-11.6%). In an unrelated, much larger population survey, a 3% increase in physical activity participation was noted among adults between 1997 and 2001. CONCLUSIONS: The national Push Play campaign resulted in increases in message recognition and in intention to become more active. If sustained, efforts like this may have a long-term impact on adult activity patterns, leading to improved health outcomes and reduced health costs.

Health Behavior↗
PubMed2003

An environmental intervention to promote walking and cycling--the impact of a newly constructed Rail Trail in Western Sydney.

BACKGROUND: Few studies have evaluated environmental changes to promote physical activity. The impact of a local promotional campaign around a newly constructed Rail Trail in western Sydney, Australia, was assessed. METHODS: Pre and post-campaign telephone surveys were used. Adults 18-55 years of age were randomly sampled from an "inner" area, residents within < or =1.5 km of the Trail, and an "outer" area, bike-owners only, 1.5-5 km from the Trail. Objective concurrent monitoring of daily bike counts was carried out. RESULTS: A cohort of 450 completed both interviews. A significant increase (+2.9%, McNemar P < 0.05) in unprompted Trail awareness was detected but post-campaign awareness was low (34%). Inner cyclists, males, and those recalling any baseline bike promotion messages were more likely to be aware of the Trail. Trail usage was higher among bike-owners than pedestrians (8.9 vs 3.3%, P = 0.014) and was moderated by proximity to the Trail. Inner cyclists increased mean cycling time by 0.19 h (SD = 1.5) while outer cyclists decreased cycling time (-0.24 h, SD = 1.6). Mean daily bike counts in the monitored areas increased significantly after the Trail launch (OR = 1.35, P = 0.0001, and OR = 1.23, P = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: The campaign reached and influenced cyclists in the inner area. For further increase in Trail usage promotional and educational programs focusing on walking for inner residents are needed.

Adult↗