Bilateral diffuse gingival enlargement in a patient with type 1 neurofibromatosis.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
Adriano Piattelli
Publications and source records attributed to Adriano Piattelli.
Calcium sulfate: analysis of MG63 osteoblast-like cell response by means of a microarray technology.
Calcium sulfate (CaS) is an highly biocompatible material that has the characteristic of being one of the simplest as well as one of the synthetic bone-like graft with the longest clinical history, spanning more than 100 years. Solidified or crystallized CaS is very osteogenic in vivo. As the surface CaS dissolves in body fluid, the calcium ions form calcium phosphate that reprecipitates on the surface forming an osteoblast "friendly" environment. How this "friendly" environment alters osteoblast activity to promote bone formation is poorly understood. We therefore attempted to address this question by using microarray techniques to identified genes that are differently regulated in osteoblasts exposed to CaS. By using DNA microarrays containing 19,200 genes, we identified in osteoblast-like cells line (MG-63) cultured with CaS (Surgiplaster, Classimplant, Roma, Italy) several genes that expression was significantly upregulated. The differentially expressed genes cover a broad range of functional activities: (a) immunity, (b) lysosomal enzymes production, (c) cell cycle regulation, (d) and signaling transduction. It was also possible to detect some genes whose function is unknown. The data reported are, to our knowledge, the first genetic portrait of CaS effects. They can be relevant to better understand the molecular mechanism of bone regeneration and as a model for comparing other materials with similar clinical effects.
Calcium Sulfate↗
Bone-defect healing with calcium-sulfate particles and cement: an experimental study in rabbit.
Calcium sulfate (CaS) has been shown to be a reasonable alternative to autogenous bone graft for treating bone lesions in dentistry. The aim of this work was an histological study of the bone healing of defects treated with calcium sulfate in the form of cement or beads, in animal. Eight New Zealand rabbits, weighing about 2.5 Kg were used in this study. In each rabbit, four 6 mm bone defects were created in the tibial metaphysis. The 2 defects in the right tibia were filled with calcium sulfate as cement, while the 2 defects in the left one were filled with calcium sulfate as beads. Four rabbits were killed after respectively 2 and 4 weeks, with an intravenous injection of Tanax, and the block sections, containing the bone defects, were retrieved. A total of 16 defects filled by cement and a total of 16 defects filled by beads were retrieved. The specimens were processed to obtain thin ground sections with the Precise 1 Automated System. In the first phases of healing it was possible to observe an intense osteoblastic activity, and in some areas osteoid matrix was present. After two weeks the calcium sulfate (both cement and beads) was still present, and biological fluids and cells were present inside the material. Newly formed bone surrounded the calcium sulfate and filled about 10% of the defect. After four weeks the calcium sulfate was almost completely resorbed and substituted by new bone. Approximately 34% of the defects were filled by newly formed bone. BEI and XRM evaluations showed the structural components of the filled defects. In none of the specimens were inflammatory cells present. No significant differences were found using both calcium sulfate as cement and beads, and they both have shown a high biocompatibility, appearing to promote newly bone formation in the rabbit model, and they did not induce any untoward effect on the bone regeneration processes.
Absorptiometry, Photon↗
Solid aneurysmal bone cyst of the mandible.
Aneurysmal bone cyst is a rare, rapidly expanding, locally destructive, and often misdiagnosed lesion. It accounts for about 1-2% of primary biopsied bone tumours. About 60-70 cases have been reported in the jaws; particularly the molar regions. Eighty percent of patients are under 20 years of age. Aneurysmal bone cyst exists as a primary or secondary lesion. It may be conventional (95%) or solid (5%). The solid variant is more difficult to recognize. The practical importance of aneurysmal bone cyst lies in the fact that it must be differentiated from malignant tumours: mainly with giant cell tumours and teleangiectatic osteosarcoma.
Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal↗
Zirconium oxide: analysis of MG63 osteoblast-like cell response by means of a microarray technology.
Zirconium oxide ceramics have outstanding mechanical properties, a high biocompatibility and a high resistance to scratching. Expression profiling by DNA microarray is a molecular technology that allows the analysis of gene expression in a cell system. By using DNA microarrays containing 19,200 genes, we identified in osteoblast-like cells line (MG-63) cultured on zirconium oxide discs (Cercon, Degussa Dental, Hanau, Germany) several genes whose expression was significantly up or down-regulated. The differentially expressed genes cover a broad range of functional activities: (a) immunity, (b) vesicular transport and (c) cell cycle regulation. It was also possible to detect some genes whose function is unknown. The data reported are, to our knowledge, the first genetic portrait of a zirconium oxide surface. They can be relevant to better understand the molecular mechanism of biocompatibility and as a model for comparing other materials.
Animals↗
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate role in human carcinoma pathogenesis.
In order to examine the cyclic nucleotides (cGMP) role in carcinoma growth and invasivity. We analyzed two cell lines, LSHT29 and 17GT, and tissues in patients with carcinoma and malignant tissues with (N+) and without (N-) lymph node metastases. Higher cGMP levels in pathological samples suggest a strong correlation between intracellular cGMP concentration and carcinoma progression.
Carcinoma↗
Expression profiling of ameloblastic carcinoma.
Ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) is a malignant epithelial odontogenic tumor that histologically retains the features of ameloblastic differentiation and exhibits cytological features of malignancy in the primary or recurrent tumor. It may develop within a preexisting ameloblastoma or arise de novo or from an odontogenic cyst. Expression profiling by DNA microarray is a new molecular technology that allows the analysis of cell and tissue gene expression. By using DNA microarrays containing 19,200 genes, several genes whose expression was significantly upregulated or downregulated were identified in a case of AC. The differentially expressed genes cover a broad range of functional activities: 1) transcription, 2) signaling transduction, 3) cell cycle regulation, 4) apoptosis control, and 5) differentiation. The data reported are, to our knowledge, the first genetic portrait of an AC. No final conclusion can be drawn; however, this portrait will be useful in investigating the biological behavior and in identifying possible gene targets for cancer therapy when more cases of this rare tumor are reported and compared.
Aged↗
Genetic profiling of granular cell myoblastoma.
Granular cell tumor (GCT), or granular cell myoblastoma, is a relatively uncommon lesion of the soft tissues. It can occur in any organ, and the tongue is more often affected. GCT has unknown etiology, uncertain histogenesis, and a not always benign nature. Benign myoblastomas are the great majority, but rare malignant lesions have been reported. To have more information regarding the genetic events involved in GCT, the authors decided to perform an expression profile. A sample was derived from a surgically resected GCT of the tongue. RNA extracted from normal tongue (mucosa plus muscle) was used as control. By using DNA microarrays containing 19,200 genes, the authors identified several genes for which expression was significantly up- or down-regulated. The differentially expressed genes cover a broad range of functional activities: (1) signal transduction, (2) cell cycle regulation, and (3) cytoskeleton organization. It was also possible to detect some genes whose function is unknown. The data reported are, to the authors' knowledge, the first genetic portrait of GCT. Mutations in some of the described genes are related to neural alterations and mental diseases, and this fact supports the idea of a neural origin of myoblastoma. Several markers have been identified that will help in identifying the biological behavior (when malignant lesions will be described), as well as the gene whose products could be potentially disease-specific targets for therapy.
Cell Cycle Proteins↗
Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity in human gingival carcinoma.
BACKGROUND: The phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are responsible for the hydrolysis of the second messengers, cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP), to their corresponding monophosphates with a fundamental role in the transduction of the intracellular signals. At least 11 different enzymatic isoforms have been identified, which are listed according to their specificity or affinity for the substratum, identity of the amino acid sequence, cofactor, and inhibitor sensitivity. Variations in PDE activity have been found in different pathologies, and they have also been correlated to different pathological e/o physiological mechanisms, such as cellular differentiation, apoptosis, and tumor invasivity. OBJECTIVES: In this study, we have evaluated cAMP PDE activity in patients with carcinoma of the gingiva, with the purpose of correlating differences in its development and progression. The same enzymatic activity has been used to evaluate differences between patients with lymph node involvement (group N(+)), and patients without lymph node involvement (N(-)). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The analysis of PDE activity and the cAMP assay was performed by reverse-phase HPLC on samples of fresh or frozen gingival tissues. Analysis of cAMP was confirmed with the enzyme-linked immunoabsorption assay (EIA). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The differences between control and N(-) groups (P = 0.0433), and between control and N(+) groups (P = 0.0156) were statistically significant. PDE3A was also evaluated immunohistochemically in lymph-node negative and lymph-node positive cases. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P = 0.0397).
3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
Analysis of MG63 osteoblastic-cell response to a new nanoporous implant surface by means of a microarray technology.
Surface implant modifications have been shown to have a relevant importance in modifying cell response. Expression profiling by DNA microarray is a new molecular technology that allows the analysis of gene expression in a cell system. By using DNA microarrays containing 19,200 genes, we identified in osteoblast-like cells line (MG-63) on new implant surface (nanoPORE, Out-Link, Sweden and Martina, Due Carrare, Padova, Italy), several genes whose expressions were significantly down-regulated. The differentially expressed genes cover a broad range of functional activities: (a) immunity, (b) vesicular transport (c) apoptosis and cell cycle regulation. It was also possible to detect some genes whose function is unknown. The data reported are, to our knowledge, the first genetic portrait of an implant surface. They can be relevant to better understand the molecular mechanism of implant osseointegration and as a model for comparing other materials.
Apoptosis↗
Interimplant distance and crestal bone resorption: a histologic study in the canine mandible.
BACKGROUND: Crestal bone loss has been shown to occur around dental implants. This crestal bone resorption may determine a more apical position of the gingival margin. A clear trend of increased bone loss with increased interimplant distance has been reported. PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate, in the canine mandible, the crestal bone behavior around dental implants inserted with different interimplant distances. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sandblasted and acid-etched implants (Bone System, Milano, Italy) were placed in the mandibles of six beagle dogs. Each dog received 10 implants in the mandible (five in the right side and five in the left side). A total of 60 implants was used in this study. The implants were divided in four groups: group I, with a 2 mm interimplant distance; group II, with a 3 mm interimplant distance; group III, with a 4 mm interimplant distance; and group IV, with a 5 mm interimplant distance. The dogs were killed after 12 months. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found in regard to vertical bone loss whereas on the contrary, statistically significant differences were found in regard to lateral bone loss (p = .0001). Statistically significant differences also were found in regard to vertical crestal bone loss (p = .0001). In fact vertical crestal bone loss decreased, from 1.98 mm in group I to 0.23 mm in group IV. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical significance of these data lies in the fact that the increased crestal bone loss results in an increase in the distance between the base of the contact points of the neighboring implants and the crest of bone, and this fact could determine whether the papilla is present or absent between two implants.
Alveolar Bone Loss↗
Effect of enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain) on bone defects in rabbit tibias.
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain, Biora, AB, Malmö, Sweden) on bone healing. Ten New Zealand rabbits, weighing about 2.5 kg, were used. One 8-mm bone defect was created in each tibia. The defect on the right leg was filled with Emdogain, whereas the defect on the opposite leg was left unfilled as control. A total of 20 defects were created. Five rabbits each were killed at 4 and 8 weeks with an overdose of Tanax. Block sections containing the defects were retrieved and the specimens processed for light microscopy examination. The slides were stained with acid and basic fuchsin and toluidine blue. Histologically, no differences were noted in both groups at each observation period; in the test group, remnants of the implanted Emdogain were not present at 4 weeks. Newly formed bone was detectable in both groups at all observation times. At 8 weeks, both groups showed mature bone, and in the test group the material implanted was not visible. No inflammatory cells were visible in both groups. In conclusion, our results indicate that Emdogain implanted in bone defects is fully resorbed after 4 to 8 weeks and does not adversely affect bone formation.
Animals↗
Histologic evaluation of an immediately loaded titanium implant retrieved from a human after 6 months in function.
Clinical and histologic studies have demonstrated that immediate loading can be successfully used in implant dentistry. Many factors are thought to be of importance in obtaining mineralized tissues at the interface. This study describes the implant interface of an immediately loaded implant with a conical implant-abutment connection that had been inserted in the posterior mandible for 6 months. Histology showed that mineralized tissue was present at about 74% +/- 6% of the implant interface. No gaps, fibrous tissue, or inflammatory infiltrate were present at the interface. The bone adjacent to the implant was mainly lamellar (90% +/- 4.5%). Tetracycline was used to label trabecular bone, and labeled bone was found in direct contact with the implant surface. The extensive labelling by tetracycline demonstrated a large quantity of newly formed bone at the implant interface. The distance between the 2 lines marked by tetracycline was 85 +/- 5 mm. The results of this study show that immediately loaded dental implants can form mineralized tissues at the bone-implant interface.
Aged↗
Maxillary sinus augmentation with a synthetic cell-binding peptide: histological and histomorphometrical results in humans.
Bone substitutes should be used when sufficient amounts of autologous bone cannot be harvested from intraoral donor sites. P-15 is a highly conserved linear peptide with a 15 amino acid sequence identical to the sequence contained in the residues 766 to 780 of the alpha-chain of type I collagen. PepGen P-15 (Dentsply Friadent, Mannheim, Germany) is a combination of the mineral component of bovine bone (Osteograf/N 300) with P-15. Bio-Oss (Geistlich, Mannheim, Germany) is a deproteinized sterilized bovine bone with 75% to 80% porosity and a crystal size of approximately 10 microm in the form of cortical granules. The purpose of the present histological and histomorphometrical study was to compare maxillary sinus augmentation procedures in humans performed with PepGen P-15 with procedures associated with Bio-Oss and autologous bone. Seven patients participated in this study (3 men and 4 women; ages between 48 and 69 years, mean of 58 years) and were categorized into 3 groups. In group 1, a mixture of 50% autologous bone from an intraoral source and 50% Bio-Oss was used. In group 2, the graft materials used were 50% Bio-Oss and 50% PepGen P-15. In group 3, 50% autologous bone and 50% PepGen P-15 were used. Group 1 histomorphometry showed that the percentage of newly formed bone was 38.7% +/- 3.2%, marrow spaces represented 45.6% +/- 5%, and residual graft particles constituted the remaining 14.4% +/- 2.1%. Group 2 histomorphometry showed that newly formed bone represented 36.7% +/- 3.3%, marrow spaces represented 39.7% +/- 3.4%, and residual graft particles represented 19.6% +/- 2.1%. In group 3, newly formed bone represented 32.2% +/- 3.2%, marrow spaces represented 38% +/- 2.5%, and residual graft particles represented 28.8% +/- 1.1%. Non-statistically significant differences were found in the percentage of newly formed bone in the different groups (P = .360). Statistically significant differences were found in the percentage of residual graft materials among the different groups (group 1 vs groups 2 and 3) (P = .0001). These data demonstrate that the use of bone-replacement materials, without the addition of autologous bone, could be an alternative in sinus augmentation procedures. Such treatment would increase patient satisfaction, decrease surgical complications, and save the clinician substantial operating time.
Aged↗
P-15 cell-binding domain derived from collagen: analysis of MG63 osteoblastic-cell response by means of a microarray technology.
BACKGROUND: P-15 is an analog of the cell-binding domain of collagen. P-15 has been shown to facilitate physiological processes in a way similar to collagen; to serve as an anchorage for cells; and to promote the binding, migration, and differentiation of cells. METHODS: Expression profiling by DNA microarray is a molecular technology that allows the analysis of gene expression in a cell system. By using DNA microarrays containing 19,200 genes, we identified in osteoblast-like cell line (MG-63) cultured with P-15 several genes whose expression was significantly up- or downregulated. RESULTS: The differentially expressed genes cover a broad range of functional activities: 1) signaling transduction, 2) differentiation, 3) apoptosis, and 4) cell-cycle regulation. It was also possible to detect some genes whose function is unknown. CONCLUSIONS: The data reported are, to our knowledge, the first genetic portrait of P-15 effects. They can help us to better understand the molecular mechanism of osteogenesis and can serve as a model for comparing different cell cultures and/or other materials with similar effect.
Apoptosis↗
Malignant melanoma of the maxillary gingiva: a case report.
BACKGROUND: Mucosal malignant melanoma of the of the head and neck is a rare neoplasm, accounting for about 0.2% of all melanomas. We present the clinopathological findings of a case. METHODS: An 83-year-old woman presented with a dark reddish pigmented lesion which had appeared 3 years previously. RESULTS: Clinical examination revealed a sessile lesion, 1.5 cm in diameter, located on the vestibular maxillary gingiva next to the first molar area. Microscopic analysis of the neoplasm showed epithelioid cells with prominent nucleoli aggregated in solid nests. Cytoplasmic melanin pigmentation was present. The neoplastic cells were positive for HMB-45 and S100 protein. The final histologic diagnosis was primary malignant melanoma of the gingiva. Physical examination and a computerized tomography scan of the neck, liver, and lungs ruled out the possibility of occult melanoma lesions elsewhere in the body. CONCLUSION: The prognosis for patients with oral malignant melanoma is extremely poor. Earlier recognition of this condition simplifies treatment and greatly improves the prognosis for these patients.
Aged↗
Bacterial adhesion on commercially pure titanium and zirconium oxide disks: an in vivo human study.
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the mechanisms of bacterial interaction with implant materials in the oral cavity. A correlation between plaque accumulation and progressive bone loss around implants has been reported. Bacterial adhesion shows a direct positive correlation with surface roughness. Other surface characteristics also seem to be extremely important with regard to plaque formation. Different adhesion affinities of bacteria have been reported for different materials. The aim of this study was to characterize the percentage of surface covered by bacteria on commercially pure titanium and zirconium oxide disks. METHODS: Ten patients participated in this study. A removable acrylic device was adapted to the molar-premolar region, and commercially pure titanium (control) and zirconium oxide (test) disks were glued to the buccal aspect of each device. The surface roughness of titanium and test specimens was similar. After 24 hours, all disks were removed and processed for scanning electron microscopy, for the evaluation of the portion of surface covered by bacteria. RESULTS: In control specimens, the area covered by bacteria was 19.3% +/- 2.9; in test specimens, the area was 12.1% +/- 1.96. The disk surface covered by bacteria on test specimens was significantly lower than that of control specimens (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that zirconium oxide may be a suitable material for manufacturing implant abutments with a low colonization potential.
Adult↗
Medical grade calcium sulfate hemihydrate in healing of human extraction sockets: clinical and histological observations at 3 months.
BACKGROUND: Following tooth extraction, remodeling and resorption of the alveolar bone at the extraction site characterize wound healing. This produces a reduction in ridge volume and difficulties in delayed placement of implants in an ideal position. Medical grade calcium sulfate hemihydrate (MGCSH) has been proposed as a graft material in extraction sockets to minimize the reduction in ridge volume. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of MGCSH on the histopathologic pattern of intrasocket regenerated bone and to evaluate histologically the healed MGCSH grafted extraction socket site 3 months postextraction METHODS: MGCSH was grafted in 10 fresh human extraction sockets in 10 patients. Five post-extraction sockets were used as controls. At 3 months a cylindrical tissue specimen, 2.5 mm in diameter, was trephined from the previously grafted site followed by implant placement. Non-decalcified specimens were sectioned at a cross-horizontal plane and stained with fast green, toluidine blue, and Van Kossa stains for histological and histomorphometrical examination. RESULTS: Histologically, MGCSH was not observed in most of the specimens. Newly formed bone with lamellar arrangements was identified in all the horizontal sections with no difference between apical, medium, and coronal areas. The mean trabecular area in the coronal sections was 58.6% +/- 9.2%; in the medium sections, 58.1% +/- 6.2%; and in the apical sections, 58.3% +/- 7.8%. The differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: MGCSH seems to be an ideal graft material in extraction socket bone regeneration because it is almost completely resorbable, and it allows a new trabecular bone arrangement at 3 months.
Adult↗