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Ahmed M Shoma

Publications and source records attributed to Ahmed M Shoma.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Post-percutaneous nephrolithotomy extensive hemorrhage: a study of risk factors.

PURPOSE: We identified risk factors predicting severe bleeding due to percutaneous nephrolithotomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Computerized data on 2,909 patients who underwent a total of 3,878 percutaneous nephrolithotomy procedures between January 1995 and December 2005 were retrospectively reviewed. Data on patients who experienced severe bleeding requiring angiographic renal embolization were compared with those on other patients using univariate and multivariate analyses. We tested the characteristics of patients, kidneys and stones together with details of the operative procedure and surgeon experience. RESULTS: Severe bleeding complicated a total of 39 procedures (1%) in 25 males and 14 females with a mean age of 50.7 +/- 12.6 years. Associated morbidity included shock in 6 patients and perirenal hematoma in 4. Renal angiography revealed pseudoaneurysm in 20 patients, arteriovenous fistula in 9, the 2 lesions in 8 and arterial laceration in 2. Bleeding could be controlled with superselective embolization in 36 patients (92.3%). Followup was available on 33 patients (mean 21 +/- 15 months). Renal function was stable in all patients except 3 who had a post-embolization increase in serum creatinine, of whom all had a solitary kidney and none required renal replacement therapy. Significant risk factors for severe bleeding were upper caliceal puncture, solitary kidney, staghorn stone, multiple punctures and inexperienced surgeon. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy should be performed by an experienced endourologist in patients at risk for severe bleeding, such as those with a solitary kidney or staghorn stones.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Outcome of percutaneous nephrolithotomy: effect of body mass index.

OBJECTIVE: The surgical management of renal and upper ureteral calculi presents unique challenges in obese patients. We reviewed our recent experience with percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) in obese patients to determine the safety and outcome of this procedure in such group of patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The surgical records of 1121 patients treated with PNL between 2000 and 2004 were reviewed. Patients were stratified into four groups according to the World Health Organization classification of body mass index (BMI): <25 (average), 25-29.9 (overweight), 30-39.9 (obese), and >40 kg/m(2) (morbidly obese). The outcomes of PNL in these four groups were compared. RESULTS: A total of 1287 procedures were performed on 1155 renal units (1.1 procedures per renal unit). The overall stone-free rate was 85.1% and the mean hospital stay was 3.3+/-2.6 d. Major complications were seen in 72 patients (6.4%). No statistically significant differences were found in decrease in haemoglobin concentration, hospital stay, and complication rate among the four study groups. The need for auxiliary procedures and stone-free rates were comparable. CONCLUSIONS: PNL in obese and morbidly obese patients yields a stone-free rate that is comparable to that achieved in nonobese patients. The complication rate and length of hospital stay are also similar.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Percutaneous treatment of large upper tract stones after urinary diversion.

OBJECTIVES: To present our experience in percutaneous management of large upper tract stones after urinary diversion. METHODS: From October 1984 to March 2005, 20 percutaneous nephrolithotomy and 4 antegrade ureteroscopy procedures were performed in 17 men and 7 women, with a mean age of 53.5 years. The urinary diversions were an ileal W neobladder, hemi-Kock pouch, ileal conduit, and rectal bladder in 10, 7, 4, and 3 patients, respectively. The median interval between diversion and stone management was 1.5 years. Success was defined as a stone-free, nonobstructed renal unit at 3 months after the intervention. Follow-up was performed every 6 months with intravenous urography or noncontrast computed tomography for diagnosis of stone recurrence and evaluation of renal morphology. RESULTS: Renal punctures were guided with ultrasonography in 18 patients (75%) and fluoroscopy in 6 patients. One intraoperative complication (4.16%) and two postoperative complications (8.3%) occurred. All patients with ureteral stones became stone free after one procedure. Auxiliary procedures were needed in 5 patients after percutaneous nephrolithotomy; 2 patients required a second session and 3 needed extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. The overall success rate was 87.5% (21 patients). One patient with treatment failure underwent open surgery, and two with small residual fragments were followed up. Long-term follow-up data were available for 15 patients. The stone recurrence rate was 33.3% (5 patients) after a median follow-up of 40 months (range 14 to 132). Recurrent stones were treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study have demonstrated that percutaneous treatment of large upper tract stones after urinary diversion offers a high success rate with minimal morbidity. However, regular follow-up after treatment is recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Colonic perforation during percutaneous nephrolithotomy: study of risk factors.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the risk factors implicated in colonic perforation during percutaneous nephrolithotomy. METHODS: From 1985 to 2004, 5039 percutaneous nephrolithotomy procedures were performed in our center. Colonic perforation complicated 15 procedures (0.3%). The patient files were retrospectively reviewed for detection of preoperative risk factors as shown by multivariate statistical analysis. The operative details and postoperative course were also studied to determine the time and mode of diagnosis of colonic injury and treatment strategies and outcome. RESULTS: All injuries were retroperitoneal. The mean patient age was 57 +/- 8.4 years. Of the 15 patients, 11 were men and 4 were women. The left side was affected in 10 patients (66.6%). The right side was injured only in those with horseshoe kidneys or with recurrent disease. Colonic perforation complicated lower caliceal puncture in 12 procedures (80%) and complicated upper caliceal punctures in those with horseshoe kidneys or chronic colonic distension. Significant independent risk factors were advanced patient age and the presence of a horseshoe kidney. The diagnosis was established intraoperatively in 5 patients and postoperatively in 10, 5 of whom presented with colocutaneous fistula. The diagnosis was confirmed with abdominal computed tomography or opacification of the colon during antegrade or retrograde pyelography. Conservative treatment was successful in all but 2 patients who required colostomy. CONCLUSIONS: Significant independent risk factors for colonic perforation during percutaneous nephrolithotomy were advanced patient age and the presence of a horseshoe kidney. Early diagnosis and proper treatment represent the key to minimizing patient morbidity and avoiding serious complications.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Prospective, randomized comparison of ureteroscopic endopyelotomy using holmium:YAG laser and balloon catheter.

PURPOSE: We compared the safety and efficacy of the 2 retrograde endopyelotomy techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study was done from January 2001 to October 2003. Preoperative radiological evaluation included excretory urography, multiphasic helical computerized tomography and diuretic renography. Exclusion criteria were marked hydronephrosis, ipsilateral renal function less than 25% and renal stones or a significant crossing vessel at the ureteropelvic junction. Eligible patients were randomized to ureteroscopic laser endopyelotomy and retrograde Acucise endopyelotomy (20 per group). UPJ obstruction was primary in 14 patients and secondary in 26. The ureteropelvic junction was incised in the lateral direction and an endopyelotomy Double-J stent (Medical Engineering Corp., New York, New York) was left for 6 weeks. Subjective and objective outcomes were evaluated 3 and 6 months after stent removal, and every 6 months thereafter. RESULTS: Mean operative time +/- SD was comparable in the laser and Acucise groups (64.7 +/- 22.4 and 58.7 +/- 20.2, respectively). The overall complication rate in the Acucise group was more than in the laser group (25% vs 10%). At a mean followup of 29.9 +/- 10.8 months (range 6 to 48) the laser group showed a higher success rate than the Acucise group (85% vs 65%) but the difference in the complication and success rates was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the advanced endourological skills required for ureteroscopic laser endopyelotomy its safety and efficacy seem to be better than those of Acucise endopyelotomy. However, a larger number of patients is needed to confirm these findings.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Percutaneous endopyelotomy for secondary ureteropelvic junction obstruction: prognostic factors affecting late recurrence.

OBJECTIVE: To determine prognostic variables which influence late recurrence after initially successful percutaneous endopyelotomy for secondary ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between July 1987 and March 2002, 67 patients with secondary UPJO were treated with percutaneous endopyelotomy at our center. Long-term follow-up data were available for 50 patients with initially successful results (42 after a single treatment and eight after repeated endopyelotomy). Follow-up excretory urography and diuretic renal scans were performed for objective evaluation. Late recurrence was diagnosed if obstruction developed after > 1 year of follow-up. Univariate (Kaplan-Meier method) and multivariate (Cox regression model) analyses of pre-, peri- and postoperative factors were carried out for detection of significant variables affecting the late recurrence rate. RESULTS: The follow-up period ranged from 1.27 to 13.85 years (mean 6 +/- 4.3 years). Late recurrence of UPJO was observed in seven cases (14%): 4/42 initially successful cases (9.5%) and 3/8 cases of repeated endopyelotomy (37.5%). In univariate analysis, the significant factors were severity of stenosis at the UPJ (p = 0.04), preoperative serum creatinine (p = 0.04), repetition of endopyelotomy (p = 0.03) and development of postoperative complications (p = 0.02). In multivariate analysis, all of the above factors, with the exception of severity of stenosis at the UPJ, were independent significant factors affecting late recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: As late recurrence was observed in 14% of cases after percutaneous endopyelotomy, long-term follow-up is needed, especially in patients with elevated preoperative serum creatinine, those in whom postoperative complications developed and those in whom a first attempt at endopyelotomy failed.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Self-retaining ureteral stents: analysis of factors responsible for patients' discomfort.

PURPOSE: To determine factors affecting patients' discomfort during the period self-retaining ureteral stents are in place. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between April 2001 and May 2003, 58 male and 42 female patients underwent temporary double-pigtail stenting. The indications were endopyelotomy in 39 patients, ureteroscopy in 32, laparoscopic pyeloplasty in 18, and endoureterotomy in 11. The stents were silicone in 56 patients and Percuflex in 44. The median stenting period was 8 weeks (range 4-16 weeks). Patient discomfort was evaluated by a questionnaire conducted by the physician before stent removal. Tested variables were patients' sex, side of the stent, urine culture, stent material, stent length and diameter, and stenting duration. The site of the upper coil (renal pelvis or calix), the site of the lower coil (in the same side or crossing the midline), and the shape of the lower coil (complete circle or not) were also tested. Univariate and multivariate analysis were carried out to determine significant independent variables, with P < 0.05 being significant. RESULTS: Of the total, 59 patients experienced discomfort consisting of dysuria, urgency, urge incontinence, loin pain, suprapubic pain, frequency, nocturia, or gross hematuria or some combination. Significant factors associated with discomfort were a positive urine culture, crossing of the lower end of the stent to the opposite side, caliceal position of the upper coil, and longer stenting duration. CONCLUSION: Proper positioning of the coils of the stent, eradication of infection, and shorter stenting duration are advised to decrease patient discomfort during the period of ureteral stenting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Port site metastases after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy.

Laparoscopy has become a well-established alternative to open surgery for the management of many urologic tumors. Metastases at one of the port sites is not a common complication, though there are some reports of port site metastases after laparoscopic management for renal tumors and pelvicaliceal tumors, as well as after laparoscopic lymphadenectomy. Herein, we report a case of port site metastases after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case of such pathology to be reported. Although rare, the laparoscopic surgeon should be aware of such complications when dealing with malignant masses.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed2005

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy: a single-center experience of 43 cases.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the surgical feasibility of laparoscopic adrenalectomy and what laparoscopy offers for the surgeon and the patient. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From March 1996 to June 2004, 43 transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomies were performed for various pathological states. Functioning adrenal masses and solid masses>5 cm were the most common indications. The mean size of the masses on abdominal CT was 6.8 cm in the largest diameter. All patients were assessed regarding the operative time, blood loss, complications, and conversion to open surgery. The postoperative course was reported with special attention to the complications and hospital stay. RESULTS: The mean operative time was 125 minutes with a mean blood loss of 60 mL. Intraoperative complications occurred in 3 cases (6.9%), necessitating conversion to open surgery in 2 to control bleeding from the avulsed right adrenal vein. A third case of conversion was elective because of difficult dissection of a large left pheochromocytoma from the renal hilum, so there was a 6.9% rate of conversion to open surgery. All patients showed early ambulation, early start of eating, and a short hospital stay (mean 2.6 days). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is surgically feasible and can be applied for different adrenal pathologies. The procedure can be performed with a reasonable operative time, minimal blood loss, and an acceptable rate of complications. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy provides excellent postoperative recovery and convalescence with a short hospital stay.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Treatment of complete staghorn stones: a prospective randomized comparison of open surgery versus percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

PURPOSE: We studied the role of open surgery versus percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the treatment of complete staghorn stones in a prospective randomized manner. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 79 patients with 88 complete staghorn stones, defined as filling the entire collecting system or at least 80% of it, were prospectively randomized for PCNL (43) or open surgery (45). Intraoperative and postoperative morbidity, operative time, hospital stay, and stone clearance at discharge home and followup were compared for both methods. Patients with significant residuals in both groups were subjected to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (Dornier Medical Systems, Inc., Marietta, Georgia) on an outpatient basis. Followup was completed for all cases with a mean duration +/- SD of 4.9 +/- 2.5 months (range 3 to 14). Renal function was evaluated by Tc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine renogram before and after treatment in both groups. RESULTS: Intraoperative complications in terms of bleeding requiring blood transfusion, and pleural, vascular or ureteral injuries were recorded in 7 patients (16.3%) in the PCNL and 17 (37.8%) in the open surgery groups, a difference of significant value (p <0.05). Major postoperative complications including massive hematuria requiring blood transfusion, septicemia, urinary leakage and wound infection were observed in 8 patients (18.6%) in the PCNL group and in 14 (31.1%) in the open surgery group, a difference of no significant value. PCNL was associated with shorter operative time (127 +/- 30 vs 204 +/- 31 minutes, p <0.001), shorter hospital stay (6.4 +/- 4.2 vs 10 +/- 4.2 days, p <0.001) and earlier return to work (2.5 +/- 0.8 vs 4.1 +/- 1 weeks, p <0.001). On the other hand both treatment groups were comparable in regard to stone-free rates at discharge home (49% vs 66%) and at followup (74% vs 82%). At followup renal function improved or remained stable in 91% and 86.7% in the PCNL and open surgery groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: PCNL is a valuable treatment option for complete staghorn stones with a stone-free rate approaching that of open surgery. Moreover, it has the advantages of lower morbidity, shorter operative time, shorter hospital stay and earlier return to work.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Robot-assisted radical cystectomy and urinary diversion in female patients: technique with preservation of the uterus and vagina.

BACKGROUND: After performing more than 500 robotic radical prostatectomy and robotic radical cystoprostatectomy in men, we attempted to develop the technique of robot-assisted radical cystectomy in women. This article describes two techniques of robot-assisted radical cystectomy for women, conventional and with preservation of the uterus and vagina. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case series of robot-assisted radical cystectomy and urinary diversion in women. STUDY DESIGN: Robot-assisted radical cystectomy was undertaken in three female patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. The operation was performed with the conventional anterior approach in one patient and with a new technique in two patients, which allows preservation of urethra, uterus, vagina, and both ovaries. As planned, the radical cystectomy was done robotically, using the da Vinci Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical). The bladder was entrapped in an Endocatch bag and removed through a small subumbilical incision. Urinary reconstruction was performed extracorporeally after exteriorizing the bowel through the incision used for retrieving the specimen. In two patients, the reconstructed pouch was placed in the pelvis and the abdominal incision was closed. Urethroneovesical anastomosis was done robotically, using a technique described previously for men. RESULTS: The average operating time for the robotic radical cystectomy was 160 minutes and the mean operating times for ileal conduit and orthotopic neobladder were 130 minutes and 180 minutes, respectively. The mean blood loss was less than 100 mL. The mean number of lymph nodes removed was 12 (range 3 to 21). Surgical margins were free of tumor in all three patients. CONCLUSIONS: This approach incorporates advantages of minimally invasive and open surgery. Performing the radical cystectomy with the robot allows precise and rapid removal of the bladder with minimal blood loss. Extracorporeal reconstruction of the urinary tract reduces operative time at this stage of evolution of laparoscopic and robotic instrumentation. In the future, with the development of technology, instrumentation, and with additional refinement of our technique, the entire procedure may be done completely intracorporeally with equal efficiency.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Robotic radical cystectomy and urinary diversion in the management of bladder cancer.

The authors have explored the versatility of the da Vinci robot for pelvic surgery to develop the technique of robotic radical cystectomy in conjunction with the Urology and Nephrology Center in Mansoura, Egypt, a world leader in conventional (open) cystectomy. This approach, which is designed to minimize the time required for surgery, is a sandwich technique in which the cystectomy and the neobladder-urethral anastomosis are performed with robotic assistance and the urinary diversion is performed extracorporeally. This article reviews the published literature and details the authors' current technique of robotic radical cystectomy and urinary diversion.

Cystectomy↗
PubMed2004

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in treatment of large stones within horseshoe kidneys.

OBJECTIVES: To present our experience with percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the treatment of large stones within horseshoe kidneys. METHODS: The study included 34 patients with 45 stone-bearing horseshoe kidneys treated by PCNL in one center. The indications for PCNL were large stone burden (greater than 2 cm) in 10 kidneys (22.2%), multiple complex stones in 22 (48.9%), staghorn stones in 3 (6.7%), and failed extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in 10 kidneys (22.2%). All PCNL procedures were performed in a standard one-session technique with fluoroscopic guidance. Procedures were evaluated for intraoperative and postoperative complications, use of auxiliary procedures (second-look PCNL, ureteroscopy, and ESWL), and length of hospital stay. Moreover, the stone-free rate was calculated at discharge from the hospital and 3 months later. In addition, we assessed the need for secondary intervention during a mean follow-up of 75 +/- 16 months (range 6 to 108). RESULTS: The stone burden ranged from 264 to 2408 mm(2) (mean 664 +/- 153). Access to the horseshoe kidneys was supracostal in 10 (22.2%) and subcostal in 35 kidneys (77.8%). A single tract was used in 37 (82%), and two tracts were created in the remaining 8 kidneys (18%). Major complications were seen in six PCNL procedures (13.3%) and included significant hematuria requiring blood transfusion in three, septicemia in one, ureteral obstruction in one, and colonic injury in one. All complications were successfully treated. Auxiliary procedures were required in 12 patients (35.3%) and included ureteroscopy in 1, second-look PCNL in 3, and ESWL to fragment residual caliceal stones in 8 patients. The mean hospital stay was 4 +/- 1.9 days (range 3 to 12). The stone-free rate was 82% at discharge and 89% at 3 months. During the course of follow-up, 19 patients (56%) developed stone recurrence and were successfully treated with ESWL in 8 and PCNL in 11. CONCLUSIONS: PCNL is a safe and effective procedure in the treatment of large stones within horseshoe kidneys.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in children: early and late anatomical and functional results.

PURPOSE: We report our experience with percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in children, and evaluate its early and late anatomical and functional results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 65 children with renal calculi were treated with PCNL. Patient age at operation ranged from 9 months to 16 years (mean +/- SD of 5.9 +/- 0.9 years), and 27 (41.5%) were younger than 5 years. Seven patients had bilateral renal stones and, therefore, the number of kidneys treated by PCNL was 72. The patients were followed regularly every 3 months during year 1 and every 6 months thereafter. Renal scans using technetium dimercapto-succinic acid for detection of renal scarring and technetium diethylenetetramine-pentaacetic acid for determination of selective glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were performed in all patients at least once during followup, which ranged from 6 to 72 months (mean +/- SD 40 +/- 10). RESULTS: Early complications included significant intraoperative bleeding in 1 case, renal pelvis perforation in 1 and transient fever in 2. Mean hospital stay +/- SD was 3 +/- 1.2 days (range 2 to 21). Of the renal units 62 (86%) were stone-free after a single PCNL, and the remaining 10 with residual stones were treated with a second look PCNL (4) and shock wave lithotripsy (6). Stone-free rates at hospital discharge and at 3 months were 93% and 100%, respectively. During followup 6 patients (9%) had recurrence of small renal stones and were successfully treated with shock wave lithotripsy. None of the kidneys had scarring on dimercapto-succinic acid renal scan. All of the kidneys except 1 showed improvement or stabilization of the corresponding GFR determined by diethylenetetraminepentaacetic acid renal scan. Comparison of the mean preoperative GFR of the corresponding kidney (28.8 +/- 11.2 ml per minute) with mean value at followup (36.1 +/- 9.9) showed an increase of statistical significance (p <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: PCNL is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of children with renal calculi. At long-term followup the procedure improves renal function without renal scarring.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Role of multiphasic helical computed tomography in planning surgical treatment for pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of multiphasic helical computed tomography (CT) in planning surgical treatment for pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction (PUJO). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Multiphasic helical CT was used in 60 consecutive patients (mean age 32 years, sd 13.72) with primary PUJO. The different images were interpreted before surgery by a urologist and radiologist. The number, type and relation of the crossing vessels to the PUJ were detected. Pyeloplasty (open or laparoscopic) was used in patients where there was a significant crossing vessel (i.e. > 2 mm in diameter and passing at the PUJ) or with ballooning of the renal pelvis. Endopyelotomy (antegrade or retrograde) was used in the other patients. Subjective and objective success rates were determined 3-6 months after treatment and then every 6 months. RESULTS: Hyperdense renal stones were detected in precontrast images in 15 patients, significant crossing vessels in 33 (55%), and anterior malrotation of the renal pelvis in 23 (38%; 19 associated with significant crossing vessels, i.e. ureterovascular hydronephrosis). A large para-pelvic cyst compressing the PUJ and upper ureter was detected in one patient. Pyeloplasty was used in 45 patients, among whom the sensitivity of multiphasic helical CT in detecting crossing vessels was 97%, the specificity 92% and accuracy 96%. Uncomplicated endopyelotomy was used in 14 patients and percutaneous aspiration of the para-pelvic cyst in one. CONCLUSION: Multiphasic helical CT can accurately delineate the spatial anatomy of the renal and peri-renal area; it may be important in planning surgical treatment for PUJO, especially when endopyelotomy is considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Pretransplant native nephrectomy in patients with end-stage renal failure: assessment of the role of laparoscopy.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the outcome and morbidity of laparoscopic nephrectomy in patients with end-stage renal disease. METHODS: Between August 1991 and September 2001, 64 laparoscopic nephrectomies were carried out for the native kidneys of 62 patients with end-stage renal failure. The procedures were performed in preparation for renal transplantation. The indications were vesicoureteral reflux with persistent or recurrent urinary tract infection in 26 renal units, uncontrolled hypertension in 15, chronic pyelonephritis or hydronephrosis with urinary tract infection in 8, renal calculi in 13, heavy proteinuria in 1, and small renal tumor in 1. The left side was removed in 52 procedures and the right side was removed in 12. Forty-eight and 16 renal units were removed through the retroperitoneal and transperitoneal approach, respectively. RESULTS: Sixty procedures were successfully performed (94%). Four patients required open exploration (6%). Four major complications were recorded: pneumothorax in 1, large hematoma in 1, colonic injury in 1, and bleeding in 1. No mortality related to the procedures or their complications occurred. The patients received allograft transplantation shortly after the procedure, with a mean of 26 days. Both transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches were effectively used with satisfactory outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopy should be considered as the procedure of choice for pretransplant nephrectomy. The high success rate, low morbidity, early recovery, and short duration between nephrectomy and transplantation all are considered as real advantages for this patient population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Recoverability of renal function after relief of acute complete ureteral obstruction: clinical prospective study of the role of renal resistive index.

OBJECTIVES: To study the values of the renal resistive index (RI) before and at different points after relief of obstructive anuria and to correlate these values with the corresponding values of serum creatinine and with the recovery of renal function after release of obstruction. METHODS: A total of 32 consecutive patients with obstructive anuria were prospectively evaluated by measurement of RI before drainage and at 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks after drainage. Serum creatinine was measured at all points of the RI examination. Moreover, RI was measured in an age and sex-matched control group of 24 consecutive healthy donors and volunteers. RESULTS: The study included 40 obstructed and 48 normal kidneys. In the obstructed kidneys, the mean RI values decreased significantly from 0.78 +/- 0.05 before drainage to 0.70 +/- 0.09 at 3 days after drainage (P <0.001) with an additional significant reduction to 0.68 +/- 0.08 at 7 days after drainage (P <0.01) and stabilized thereafter. Serum creatinine decreased significantly from 8.4 +/- 4.4 mg/dL before drainage to 4.7 +/- 3.8 mg/dL 3 days after drainage (P <0.001) and then to 3.6 +/- 3.7 mg/dL 7 days after drainage (P <0.001) and stabilized thereafter. The correlation between the RI and serum creatinine at the overall points of measurement was good. Obstructed kidneys were classified into two groups according to the recovery of renal function after obstruction relief: those that showed significant improvement of serum creatinine (24 kidneys, group 1) and those with no significant improvement of serum creatinine (16 kidneys, group 2). In group 1, the difference between the mean RI values before and after drainage was statistically significant (0.78 +/- 0.05 versus 0.64 +/- 0.06, P <0.001); in group 2, the difference between the before and after drainage RI values was not significant (0.781 +/- 0.040 versus 0.779 +/- 0.039). The mean RI of the normal kidneys was 0.66 +/- 0.04. A comparison between the mean RI values of the control group and the mean RI values of the obstructed patients after drainage showed no significant difference in group 1; markedly higher values were noted in group 2 at all points after drainage. CONCLUSIONS: In the setting of acute complete renal obstruction, the RI has a good positive correlation with serum creatinine. Recovery of renal function could not be predicted from the changes in RI before obstruction release. However, a reversal of a previously elevated RI could be used as an early indicator that renal function recovery is likely.

Adult↗