Biomedical subjects

Ajay K Jain

Publications and source records attributed to Ajay K Jain.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

New developments in coronary stent technology.

Coronary stent technology has rapidly evolved from a mechanical solution to abrupt vessel closure and elastic recoil following plain balloon angioplasty, to become a vector for local drug delivery and modification of coronary plaque pathophysiology. The advent of drug-eluting stents (DES) has significantly reduced restenosis, although there is increasing concern over the risk of late stent thrombosis, particularly following cessation of antiplatelet therapy. Here we consider the limitations of the current generation of DES, and review recent advances in platform, carrier, and pharmacological technology, and their place in future clinical practice.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗

PubMed2006

the coronary venous system: an alternative route of access to the myocardium.

The purpose of this paper is to review what is known regarding the anatomy of the coronary venous system, and the commonly used techniques for its selective catheterization. This is with regard to new innovative percutaneous techniques that have led to a burgeoning interest in methods of access to the coronary veins. Anatomical variation in the epicardial system exists, and the additional role of the Thebesian venous system may have important clinical implications. Catheter-based techniques for coronary vein retroperfusion may provide alternative treatment modalities for patients with no option for revascularization using conventional techniques. Furthermore, the use of the coronary venous system has now been reported for the regional delivery of drugs, cells and genes to protect and/or regenerate the myocardium. Finally, the use of the coronary venous system by the cardiac electrophysiologist is reviewed.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗

PubMed2004

Removal of chlorophenols using industrial wastes.

Development of inexpensive adsorbents from industrial wastes for the treatment of wastewaters is an important area in environmental sciences. Blast furnace slag, dust and sludge from steel plants, and carbon slurry from fertilizer plants after their treatment have been utilized as inexpensive adsorbents for the removal of phenols, which are an important class of pollutants as they are highly toxic. The characterization of the four adsorbents prepared has shown that the carbonaceous adsorbent prepared from carbon slurry possesses high porosity and maximum surface area (380 m2/g) as compared to the other three adsorbents (4-28 m2/g). The adsorption of four phenols (phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, and 2,4-dichlorophenol) on these adsorbents is parallel to their porosity and surface area order. The uptake of the phenols on carbonaceous adsorbent is substantial and found to be 17.2, 50.3, 57.4, and 132.5 mg/g for phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, and 2,4-dichlorophenol, respectively. The detailed adsorption studies on carbonaceous adsorbent have indicated that the adsorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm, is first order, and is pore diffusion controlled. As adsorption of phenols on prepared carbonaceous adsorbent is significant, its performance has been evaluated with respect to standard activated charcoal. The results indicate that the phenols removal efficiency of carbonaceous adsorbent is about 45% to that of a standard activated charcoal sample. Thus, the carbonaceous adsorbent can be used for the removal of phenols as a low-cost alternative (approximately 0.1 U.S. dollars/kg) to activated charcoal.

Adsorption↗

PubMed2002

A randomized controlled trial of cyanoacrylate versus alcohol injection in patients with isolated fundic varices.

OBJECTIVE: Treatment of bleeding gastric varices (GVs) is still controversial, mainly because of anecdotal studies or inclusion of patients with GVs located at different sites that have variable incidences of bleeding. A prospective study was undertaken to compare the efficacy and safety of GV sclerotherapy using alcohol and GV obturation using cyanoacrylate glue. METHODS: Thirty-seven consecutive patients with portal hypertension and endoscopic evidence of isolated GVs, 17 presenting with histories of active bleeding, were randomized to receive endoscopic intervention either with alcohol (n = 17) or with cyanoacrylate glue (n = 20) injection. Variceal obliteration, rebleeding, or death was the endpoint. RESULTS: The glue was significantly more effective in achieving variceal obliteration than alcohol (100% vs 44%, p < 0.05). Furthermore, this could be achieved in a significantly shorter period (2.0 +/- 1.6 vs 4.7 +/- 3.2 wk, p < 0.05) and with a smaller volume of the agent. Cyanoacrylate glue injection could achieve arrest of acute GV bleeding more often than alcohol (89% vs 62%), and the need for rescue surgery was less; the difference was, however, not significant. Six patients died from uncontrolled GV bleeding, four being in the alcohol group. During a mean follow-up of 15.4 +/- 3.7 months there was no recurrence of GVs in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that cyanoacrylate is more effective and achieves GV obliteration faster than injection sclerotherapy with alcohol. It also appears to be more useful in controlling acute GV bleeding, with less of a need for rescue surgery.

Adult↗