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Alain Attar

Publications and source records attributed to Alain Attar.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Incidence, risk factors, and complications of cholelithiasis in patients with home parenteral nutrition.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed high prevalence rates of cholelithiasis in patients with home parenteral nutrition (HPN). Our aim was to determine, in an HPN population, the incidence and risk factors for gallstones and sludge and their complications. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review was conducted in a tertiary care center. One hundred fifty-three consecutive patients who received HPN for longer than 2 months (range 2 to 204 months; median 15 months) between 1985 and 1997 were followed with ultrasonography. Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests were calculated to assess risk factors for gallbladder lithiasis and complications. RESULTS: Thirty-four patients (22%) underwent cholecystectomy before HPN. Of the 119 remaining patients with gallbladder in situ, cholelithiasis appeared during HPN in 45 (38%). The probability of cholelithiasis developing during HPN was estimated to be 6.2%, 21.2%, and 38.7% at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. Biliary complications developed in eight patients (7%) during followup. Therapy consisted of endoscopic sphincterotomy (three patients) or operation (five patients) with uncomplicated outcomes except for one patient; no death was observed. Incidence rates of biliary complication during HPN were estimated to be 0.0%, 4.7%, and 10.1% at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. Nil or negligible ingesta was the only factor notably associated with incidence of cholelithiasis (p < 0.01) or biliary complications (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This first incidence study shows a high rate of cholelithiasis and a low rate of complications during HPN. Both events were notably related to nil or negligible ingesta.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Herpes simplex virus type 1 colitis in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency syndrome.

We report on a case of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 colitis in a 69-year-old patient with common variable immunodeficiency syndrome. A treatment with polyvalent immunoglobulins was discontinued in April 2001. In March 2004 she developed chronic diarrhoea related to rectosigmoidal and caecal ulcerations. In November 2004, HSV was recovered in tissue culture from colonic biopsies. Valaciclovir was then started, leading the patient to clinical remission at day 4, and continued for a 6-week course (without any secondary antiviral prophylaxis). Colonic biopsies were negative for HSV by tissue culture and PCR within 3 weeks of antiviral treatment. Intravenous polyvalent immunoglobulin infusions were readministered within the third week of antiviral treatment. She has declared no clinical event since this period. Three months after the antiviral treatment was achieved, a rectosigmoidoscopy showed an ad-integrum macroscopic and histological mucosal healing whereas PCR was negative for HSV in the colonic tissue. As a large proportion of patients with common variable immunodeficiency syndrome present not only as a humoral immunodeficiency but also as a defect in the cellular immunity compartment (with T-cell deficits), HSV, as well as cytomegalovirus, should be investigated in patients with common variable immunodeficiency syndrome presenting colitis.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

[Digestive manifestations in systemic sclerosis].

Gastrointestinal involvement occurs in most patients with systemic sclerosis. Pathology is characterized by vasculopathy, resulting in tissue ischemia, progressive dysfunction and fibrosis. In its diffuse and visceral pattern, digestive manifestations may involve most of the intestinal tract and are the most frequent before renal, cardiac and pulmonary involvement. Whatever the visceral extension, about 80% of patients have digestive manifestations including gastroesophageal reflux, abnormalities of intestinal motility leading to chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction and small bowel bacterial overgrowth and malnutrition. Long-term treatment of reflux with high-dose proton pump inhibitors appears safe and effective for symptom relief and may prevent recurrence of esophagitis and stricture. Prokinetic agents effective in pseudoobstruction include metoclopramide, domperidone, octreotide, and erythromycin.

Digestive System↗