Biomedical subjects

Alain Sauty

Publications and source records attributed to Alain Sauty.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Biological effects of a dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation in cystic fibrosis patients: a randomized, crossover placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Various anti-inflammatory therapies, including dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplementation, have been investigated in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. To further explore this nutritional approach, biological effects of an omega-3 PUFA oral liquid supplementation were measured in 17 CF patients in a double-blind, randomized, crossover without a washout period and placebo-controlled study. METHODS: CF patients (age: 18+/-9 year; weight: 43+/-13 kg) received a liquid dietary supplementation either enriched or not in omega-3 PUFA (390-1170 mg/day according to patient weight) during two 6-month periods. RESULTS: Increase in eicosapentaenoic acid was observed in neutrophil membrane following omega-3 PUFA dietary supplementation (from 0.7+/-0.6 to 1.6+/-0.6 micromol%, P<0.01). The leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4))/leukotriene B(5) (LTB(5)) ratio was decreased (from 72+/-27 to 24+/-7, P<0.001) in CF patients taking omega-3 PUFA supplements. In contrast, omega-3 PUFA supplementation affected neither internalization of IL-8 receptors following IL-8 exposure, nor IL-8-induced neutrophil chemotaxis. CONCLUSION: Our results show that omega-3 PUFA are incorporated in neutrophil membranes. The subsequent decrease in LTB(4)/LTB(5) ratio suggests that, in such conditions, neutrophils may produce less pro-inflammatory mediators from the acid arachidonic pathway. These data indicate that omega-3 PUFA intake may have anti-inflammatory effect that still need to be assessed by long-term studies following large groups of patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

[Hemoptysis: methods of localization].

Depending on the amount of bleeding, chest radiograph localises the origin of an hemoptysis in 20 to 50% of cases. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest is the most accurate method used to localise and identify the source of bleeding. In case of normal imaging, bronchoscopy localises the bleeding source in 40% of cases. Bronchogenic carcinoma was identified in 3% of the bronchoscopies performed for hemoptysis in patients with a normal chest roentgenogram. The evaluation of a minor hemoptysis in a patient without risk factor for a lung cancer could be limited to a CT-scan of the chest if this one is normal. If the prognosis of an idiopathic hemoptysis is generally good, the presence of a smoking history and an age over 50 years justifies a radiologic follow up to exclude a growing bronchial tumor.

Decision Trees↗

PubMed2004

Eotaxin-1 (CCL11) up-regulation in tears during seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.

PURPOSE: To compare in-season eotaxin-1 levels in tears of patients suffering from seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) with (1) tears of normal subjects and (2) tears of SAC patients out of season. METHODS: Tears of 11 SAC patients and six control volunteers were collected during the pollen season. Tears of five SAC patients showing a strong sensitivity to grass pollen (skin-prick tests and specific serum IgE) were collected both in season and out of season. ELISA measured eotaxin-1 level. RESULTS: Eotaxin-1 concentration in tears of SAC patients [2,100+/-503 (SEM) pg/ml] and normal subjects (1,193+/-176 pg/ml) were significantly different (P=0.0049). Regarding allergic patients, the clinical score (sum of five allergic criteria) was significantly different in season and out of season (P=0.0043) as was also the case with eotaxin-1 concentration (P=0.024). CONCLUSIONS: The eotaxin-1 concentration in tears of patients showing hay fever could confirm a diagnosis of seasonal ocular allergy.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 (CXCL10) contributes to airway hyperreactivity and airway inflammation in a mouse model of asthma.

Allergic asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by eosinophilic inflammation and airway hyper-reactivity. Cytokines and chemokines specific for Th2-type inflammation predominate in asthma and in animal models of this disease. The role of Th1-type inflammatory mediators in asthma remains controversial. IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10; CXCL10) is an IFN-gamma-inducible chemokine that preferentially attracts activated Th1 lymphocytes. IP-10 is up-regulated in the airways of asthmatics, but its function in asthma is unclear. To investigate the role of IP-10 in allergic airway disease, we examined the expression of IP-10 in a murine model of asthma and the effects of overexpression and deletion of IP-10 in this model using IP-10-transgenic and IP-10-deficient mice. Our experiments demonstrate that IP-10 is up-regulated in the lung after allergen challenge. Mice that overexpress IP-10 in the lung exhibited significantly increased airway hyperreactivity, eosinophilia, IL-4 levels, and CD8(+) lymphocyte recruitment compared with wild-type controls. In addition, there was an increase in the percentage of IL-4-secreting T lymphocytes in the lungs of IP-10-transgenic mice. In contrast, mice deficient in IP-10 demonstrated the opposite results compared with wild-type controls, with a significant reduction in these measures of Th2-type allergic airway inflammation. Our results demonstrate that IP-10, a Th1-type chemokine, is up-regulated in allergic pulmonary inflammation and that this contributes to the airway hyperreactivity and Th2-type inflammation seen in this model of asthma.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

[Lung transplantation in cystic fibrosis].

Lung transplantation should be considered in cystic fibrosis patients with end-stage lung disease. The optimal time for pretransplantation evaluation rely on spirometric and gazometric criteria, as well as on the decline of pulmonary function and the degree of quality of life's impairment. Non-pulmonary complications of cystic fibrosis such as diabetes, osteoporosis and poor nutritional status should be evaluated, prevented and treated. Post-transplantation survival of cystic fibrosis patients is not different from that of other groups of pulmonary transplanted subjects, and is surprisingly not affected by chronic bacterial and fungal colonization of the airways.

Cystic Fibrosis↗