[Newborn screening of hemoglobinopathies: considerations on its application in Spain].
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Hemoglobinopathies↗
Biomedical subjects
Alberto Ruano-Ravina
Publications and source records attributed to Alberto Ruano-Ravina.
Metabolic gene polymorphisms and lung cancer risk in non-smokers. An update of the GSEC study.
BACKGROUND: Since genetic factors may play an important role in lung cancer development at low dose carcinogen exposure, non-smokers are a good model to study genetic susceptibility and its interaction with environmental factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated the role of the metabolic gene polymorphisms CYP1A1MspI, CYP1A1Ile462Val, GSTM1, and GSTT1 in non-smoker lung cancer patients from the International Collaborative Study on Genetic Susceptibility to Environmental Carcinogens (GSEC). Non-smokers (defined as subjects who never smoked on a regular basis) were selected from the GSEC database. We pooled the raw data from 21 case-control studies for a total of 2764 Caucasians (555 cases and 2209 controls) and 383 Asians (113 cases and 270 controls). Tests of heterogeneity and of inclusion bias were performed. RESULTS: A significant association between lung cancer and CYP1A1Ile462Val polymorphism was observed in Caucasians (adjusted OR=2.04, 95% CI 1.17-3.54). GSTT1 deletion seems to be a risk factor for lung cancer in Caucasian non smokers only when the analysis was restricted to studies including healthy controls (adjusted OR=1.66, 95% CI 1.12-2.46). A protective effect on lung cancer was observed with the combination of CYP1A1 wild type, GSTM1 null, and GSTT1 non-null genotypes. None of the analysed polymorphisms were associated with lung cancer in Asian non-smokers. DISCUSSION: Our analysis confirms previous findings that CYP1A1Ile462Val polymorphism may play a role in lung carcinogenesis in Caucasian non-smokers.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[Effectiveness of endoscopic capsule for the detection of small-bowel bleeding of unknown origin and for the diagnosis of Crohn's disease].
The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of the endoscopic capsule for the diagnosis of bleeding of the small bowel and of Crohn's disease. A systematic review was performed. Studies with more than 10 patients, using the capsule and some other procedure for diagnostic purposes, and published in peer reviewed journals, were included. In order to evaluate the papers, a quality scale was created. The diagnostic yield of the capsule for small-bowel bleeding was approximately 55-75%. With other procedures, the diagnostic yield was around 30%. For Crohn's disease, the diagnostic yield of the capsule was between 43-70% while it was 0-50% with other procedures. The reviewed studies have methodological limitations, yet they seem to point to the fact that the capsule may have a better diagnostic yield than other diagnostic procedures for small-bowel bleeding and Crohn's disease.
Capsules↗
Correspondence re Yuan JM et al., Prediagnostic levels of serum beta-cryptoxanthin and retinol predict smoking-related lung cancer risk in Shanghai, China. 2001;10:767-73. Neuhoser ML et al., Fruits and vegetables are associated with lower lung cancer risk only in the placebo arm of the beta-carotene and retinol efficacy trial (CARET). 2002;12:350-8. Satia-Abouta J et al., Associations of micronutrients with colon cancer risk in African Americans and whites: results from the North Carolina Colon Cancer Study. 2003;12:747-54.
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Colonic Neoplasms↗
Occupation and smoking as risk factors for lung cancer: a population-based case-control study.
BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is associated with occupation, but not much is known about the influence exerted on risk by length of exposure and the joint effect of occupational exposure and tobacco on risk of lung cancer. METHODS: Through a population-based case-control study, we defined risk professions as those that have been associated previously with higher risk of lung cancer. RESULTS: The relative risk seems to increase linearly and significantly with the number of years spent in risk occupations, rising significantly by 28% for every 10 years in a risk profession. Should such occupations be combined with exposure to a smoking habit, then in the case of heavy smokers, a working career spanning 20 years or more in risk occupations would mean tripling the possibility of developing lung cancer from occupation. CONCLUSIONS: The high risks observed indicate a public health problem and indicate that joint exposure to risk professions and tobacco ought to be avoided. We must stress from these results the need for effective education for all workers.
Aged↗
Exposure to residential radon and lung cancer in Spain: a population-based case-control study.
Although high radon concentrations have been linked to increased risk of lung cancer by both experimental studies and investigations of underground miners, epidemiologic studies of residential radon exposure display inconsistencies. The authors therefore decided to conduct a population-based case-control study in northwest Spain to determine the risk of lung cancer associated with exposure to residential radon. The study covered a total of 163 subjects with incident lung cancer and a population sample of 241 cancer-free subjects since 1992-1994. Odds ratios for radon were estimated using logistic regression adjusted for sex, age, lifetime tobacco use, family history, and habitat. The adjusted odds ratios for the second, third, and fourth quartiles of radon (breakpoints: 37.0, 55.2, and 148.0 Bq/m(3)) were 2.73 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12, 5.48), 2.48 (95% CI: 1.29, 6.79), and 2.96 (95% CI: 1.29, 6.79), respectively. An additive synergic effect between radon and tobacco was found. The results from this study suggest that, even at concentrations far below official guideline levels, radon may lead to a 2.5-fold rise in the risk of lung cancer. Furthermore, the synergy found between smoking and radon may prove useful when it comes to drafting public health recommendations.
Aged↗
A population-based case-control study on fruit and vegetable intake and lung cancer: a paradox effect?
A population-based case-control study was carried out in Northwest Spain to analyze the effect of fruit and vegetable intake on the appearance of lung cancer. A non-significant protective association was found for overall consumption of leafy green and other vegetables, with consumption once a day or more vs. less than once a week yielding odds ratios of 0.63 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.24-1.63] for leafy green vegetables and 0.64 (95% CI = 0.30-1.36) for other vegetables. A significant protective association was found for potato consumption. No protective associations were recorded for fruit, whether overall or singly; instead, fruit consumption once a day or more vs. less than once a week registered a risk of 2.16 (95% CI = 1.02-4.58). Although the possibility that this effect may be due to a phenomenon of reverse causation cannot be ruled out, these results could support other reports and hypotheses which indicate that the protective effect of fruit might not be as pronounced as generally thought.
Aged↗