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Biomedical subjects

Ali Ahmetoğlu

Publications and source records attributed to Ali Ahmetoğlu.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Ultrasonographic evaluation of fatty meal stimulated gallbladder contraction in the diagnosis of biliary dyskinesia in children.

AIM: Biliary dyskinesia (BD) is characterized by symptoms of biliary disease, no evidence of gallstones on ultrasonography (USG), and diminished gallbladder ejection fraction. The diagnosis is based on findings of abnormal gallbladder ejection fraction diagnosed by hepatobiliary scintigraphy before and after stimulation of gallbladder contraction with cholecystokinin (CCK). We used an easier diagnostic technique defined as ultrasonographic evaluation of fatty meal stimulated gallbladder contraction, employing USG with the diagnosis of biliary dyskinesia in children. The study was conducted by USG to investigate the volume and contractility of the gallbladder (GB) in fasting conditions and 45 min after a standardized fatty meal (SFM) in normal children and in a group of BD patients, and to compare the diagnostic value of this test with scintigraphy and to evaluate its use as a new method in the diagnostic algorithm of BD. METHODS: We assessed the volume changes and contractility of the GB in response to SFM by USG in 14 patients with BD diagnosed by cholecystokinin stimulated hepatobiliary scintigraphy (CCKs-HBS); and compared them with 14 control patients matched for age and gender before cholecystectomy. After an overnight fasting, GB volume was measured by USG then the GB volume was again measured after the SFM ingestion. Using USG, length, width and height of GB were measured, and volume of the GB was calculated using the 'Dodds' formula. These volume measurements were used to calculate the percentage of gallbladder emptying (ejection fraction). Fasting, after SFM and EF values comparisons between groups were done with student's t-test. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference of fasting GB volumes were demonstrated between BD and control groups (14.1+/-6.7 cm3 and 13.4+/-4.0 cm3 respectively). GB volumes of the BD group after SFM were significantly greater than in healthy controls (13.1+/-1.8 cm3 and 3.4+/-0.9 cm3 respectively, P<0.0005). The calculated percentage of gallbladder contraction (ejection fraction) was found to be lower in BD patients than in healthy controls (7.1%+/-1.8% and 73.8%+/-6.4%, respectively, P<0.0005). CONCLUSION: Ultrasonographic evaluation of fatty meal stimulated gallbladder contraction provides relatively reliable and reproducible results. Thus it can be used for scanning in patients with biliary symptoms as a prior modality to CCK-HBS since it is a relatively easier, safer and available method with which to make a definitive diagnosis of BD. The patients with symptoms of biliary disease and no evidence of gallstones on USG should be evaluated by the method proposed in this study before the routine laboratory and radiologic tests.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Hepatic vein flow pattern in children: assesment with Doppler sonography.

BACKGROUND: Aim of this study is to establish normal hepatic vein flow pattern and effect of age, sex, activity and feeding status on the hepatic flow pattern in normal Turkish children less than 15 years of ages and also to compare our values with the previously reported studies. METHOD: Hepatic vein flow patterns were evaluated in 150 children (83 male, 67 female) without any cardiac, pulmonary and liver disease by using Doppler sonography. Blood flow patterns were compared with age, sex, activity, and feeding status of the children. RESULTS: Only 44% of the children had triphasic flow pattern in all hepatic veins. Monophasic flow pattern was the most common flow pattern in children less then 1 year of age. Triphasic flow pattern increase after 1 year of age. Although most of the children older than 1 year of age had triphasic flow pattern, there is some variation in the flow patterns of the hepatic veins in the same subject. Triphasic hepatic flow pattern is most commonly seen in the left hepatic vein and least commonly seen in the right hepatic vein. There was no significant difference between male and girl, children who were agitated or calm and fasting or not fasting in respect to triphasic flow pattern. CONCLUSION: Liver stiffening is not only the reason for abnormal hepatic flow pattern and some other physiologic factors may also lead to mono and/or diphasic flow pattern in the children. Absence of triphasic flow pattern must not be accepted as a liver pathology in children especially younger than 1 year of age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Paravesical suture granuloma simulating a local recurrence of the immature sacrococcygeal teratoma.

It has been reported that paravesical suture granuloma after inguinal hernia repair may simulate a bladder, pelvic, or urachal malignancy in adults, and therefore, these lesions often pose a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. However, such a case has not been reported in the pediatric age group to date. The authors report a paravesical suture granuloma after left inguinal hernia repair in a child that mimics a local recurrence of the totally excised immature sacrococcygeal teratoma.

Abscess↗
PubMed2004

Acquired tracheo-esophageal fistulas caused by button battery lodged in the esophagus.

Esophageal impacting of button batteries must be distinguished from impacting of other foreign bodies because of their severe complications. We present a 2.5-year-old girl who had an acquired tracheo-esophageal fistula (TEF) caused by a calculator battery lodged in her esophagus. We also review the literature and assess the applicability of multislice CT and its possible advantages in children with acquired TEF.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2004

Spontaneous thrombosis of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation after ventriculoperitoneal shunting.

Aneurysmal dilatation of the vein of Galen (AVG) is a common finding in vascular malformations that involve the Galenic system and spontaneous thrombosis is very rare. Although the presentation of the cases may differ with the age, the mortality and morbidity is high in all age groups. Here, we present a case of AVG in a six-month-old boy. The patient underwent insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Surveillance of the lesion with subsequent MRI revealed spontaneous thrombosis of the AVG with excellent clinical outcome. Proposed mechanisms of spontaneous thrombosis include slow flow shunts, obstruction of the venous outflow or obstruction of the feeding artery. The case is discussed with the relevant literature.

Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations↗
PubMed2004

MDCT cholangiography with volume rendering for the assessment of patients with biliary obstruction.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the diagnostic utility of MDCT cholangiography with volume rendering in the evaluation of patients with suspected biliary tree obstruction. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: MDCT was performed in 34 patients who were thought to have biliary obstruction. Portal venous phase scanning was initiated 70 sec after the IV infusion of 150 mL of contrast agent, and no cholangiographic contrast agent was administered. Three-dimensional MDCT cholangiographic images were produced using volume rendering. ERCP was performed in 26 patients, and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) was performed in five patients; 17 patients underwent biopsy or surgery. The findings on MDCT cholangiography were compared with those of ERCP, PTC, biopsy, or surgery. RESULTS: The correct diagnosis was made on MDCT cholangiography for 14 (93%) of the 15 patients with a biliary stone and in 16 (94%) of the 17 patients with malignant biliary obstruction. Microlithiasis in one patient could not be detected on MDCT cholangiography. One patient with polypoid adenocarcinoma and one patient with normal findings were incorrectly diagnosed with a biliary stone on the basis of MDCT cholangiography. In one of the two patients with a benign stricture, the stricture was incorrectly diagnosed as malignant. For the diagnosis of biliary stone, sensitivity and specificity of MDCT cholangiography were 93% and 89%, respectively. For the diagnosis of malignant obstruction, sensitivity and specificity were both 94%. The accuracy of the technique for the diagnosis of the cause of biliary obstruction was 83.3%. CONCLUSION: MDCT cholangiography with volume rendering is a noninvasive and fast imaging technique with high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of the cause of biliary tree obstruction. It is a promising diagnostic tool for the assessment of patients with bile duct obstructions.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Low-dose MDCT and virtual bronchoscopy in pediatric patients with foreign body aspiration.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential use of low-tube-current MDCT virtual bronchoscopy for the evaluation of children with suspected foreign body aspiration. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Low-tube-current MDCT was performed in 23 patients (10 girls, 13 boys) with a mean age of 3.3 years (9 months-13 years) with suspicion of foreign body aspiration. Chest radiographs were obtained before CT was performed. MDCT was performed using 25- to 50-mA tube currents. MDCT virtual bronchoscopy images were obtained. Neither sedation nor IV contrast medium was used during CT scanning. All patients underwent endoscopic evaluation within 24 hr after MDCT was performed. MDCT virtual bronchoscopy findings were retrospectively compared with the results of rigid bronchoscopy. RESULTS: The mean tube current was 35 mA (range, 25-50 mA). Imaging quality was excellent in nine studies (39%), good in 12 studies (52%), and poor in two studies (9%). Motion artifacts were present on several slices in five examinations. In 15 patients, all foreign bodies detected by conventional bronchoscopy were also revealed on MDCT virtual bronchoscopy. The foreign body was in the right main bronchus in six patients, in the bronchus intermedius in one patient, and in the left main bronchus in eight patients. No discordance was found between the two techniques. MDCT revealed hyperaeration of the ipsilateral lung in five patients, atelectasis in five patients, infiltration in three patients, and infiltration and bronchiectasis in two patients; it showed infiltration in four patients and atelectasis in one of eight patients without a foreign body detected. There were no abnormal findings in three patients. CONCLUSION: Evaluation of foreign body aspiration of the airway in children can be accomplished by using a low-tube-current MDCT protocol. It may be useful both in showing the exact location of a foreign body before bronchoscopy and in ruling out a foreign body in patients with a low level of suspicion and normal or nonspecific findings on chest radiography.

Artifacts↗
PubMed2003

Sclerosing haemangioma arising within extralobar pulmonary sequestration.

Extralobar pulmonary sequestration is a rare anomaly of abnormal pulmonary tissue without any communication to the bronchial tree. Sclerosing haemangioma is a rare lung tumour, generally seen in middle-aged women. The combination of these two rare pathologies has not been previously reported. We describe the CT and CT angiographic findings of sclerosing haemangioma arising within an extralobar pulmonary sequestration in a 2-year-old girl.

Angiography↗
PubMed2003

Multicentric Castleman's disease in a child with subpectoral involvement.

Castleman's disease is a benign lymphoproliferative disorder characterised by enlarged hyperplastic lymph nodes. It is rare in children and usually presents as localised disease. Subpectoral involvement has not been previously described in multicentric Castleman's disease in children. We present the CT, US and Doppler US findings of hyaline-vascular type multicentric Castleman's disease in a 5 year-old-boy with masses in the left subpectoral region and supraclavicular and axillary lymphadenopathy.

Castleman Disease↗
PubMed2003

Effect of hypertension and candesartan on the blood flow velocity of the extraocular vessels in hypertensive patients.

OBJECTIVE: To define alterations in the blood flow velocities of the ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery (CRA), posterior ciliary artery (PCA) in essential hypertension and to evaluate the effect of a new antihypertensive drug, candesartan which is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, on the blood flow velocity in hypertensive patients. METHODS: Blood flow velocity and resistive index (RI) of the OA, CRA, and PCA were measured in 22 hypertensive patients off medication and 15 controls by color Doppler imaging. After treatment with candesartan, blood flow velocity and RI were again measured in the hypertensive patients. RESULTS: In controls (n=15), the OA had a mean peak systolic flow velocity (PSFV) of 48.1+/-2.6 cm/s, mean end diastolic flow velocity (EDFV) of 16+/-1.0 cm/s, and RI of 0.65+/-0.01; the CRA had a PSFV of 20.8+/-0.4 cm/s, EDFV of 9.4+/-0.3 cm/s, and RI of 0.54+/-0.01; the PCA had a PSFV of 23.6+/-0.7 cm/s, EDFV of 11.2+/-0.3 cm/s, and RI of 0.52+/-0.01. There was a significant decrease in the PSFV and EDFV of the vessels in the medication free hypertensive patients when compared with controls (P<0.05). In the hypertensive patients off medication (n=22), the OA had a PSFV of 29.4+/-1.2 cm/s, EDFV of 10.4+/-0.5 cm/s, and RI of 0.71+/-0.01; the CRA had a PSFV of 15.1+/-0.6 cm/s, EDFV of 5.4+/-0.3 cm/s, and RI of 0.65+/-0.02; the PCA had a PSFV of 17.2+/-0.6 cm/s, EDFV of 6.7+/-0.3 cm/s, and RI of 0.61+/-0.01. RI measured in the OA, CRA, PCA were significantly increased in the hypertensive patients when compared with the controls (P<0.05). In hypertensive patients after medication (n=22), OA had a PSFV of 38.3+/-2.5 cm/s, EDFV of 12.3+/-0.7 cm/s, and RI of 0.68+/-0.01; CRA had a PSFV of 19.2+/-0.5 cm/s, EDFV of 7.8+/-0.3 cm/s, and RI of 0.59+/-0.01; PCA had a PSFV of 20.8+/-0.8 cm/s, EDFV of 9.2+/-0.4 cm/s, and RI of 0.56+/-0.01. There was a significant increase in the blood flow velocities of the OA, CRA, PCA (P<0.05) and significant decrease in the RI values in the treated hypertensive patients when compared with the controls (P<0.05). But blood flow velocities and RI values did not reach the control level. CONCLUSION: The increase in the RI values and the decrease in the blood flow velocity of extraocular vessels in the hypertensive patients are thought to be caused by increased peripheral resistance in the vessels of the eye and orbit. Although, it increases blood flow velocity and decreases RI significantly, candesartan treatment in the hypertensive patients cannot increase blood flow velocity and decrease RI to the control level.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed2003

Facial paralysis caused by tuberculosis in a 2.5-month-old infant.

We describe an infant who presented with a cervical mass and ear discharge that did not respond to broad-spectrum antibiotics. Tuberculous infection was diagnosed after the onset of respiratory distress. Persistent otorrhoea that does not respond to conventional antibiotics or facial paralysis in a child with a discharging ear should alert the physician to a diagnosis of tuberculosis.

Facial Paralysis↗
PubMed2003

[Case report: 3D CT angiography in a patient with patent ductus arteriosus associated with Eisenmenger's syndrome].

Presentation of patent ductus arteriosus with Eisenmenger's syndrome can mimic primary pulmonary hypertension. The sensitivity of transthoracic echocardiography for the diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus with Eisenmenger's syndrome has been estimated as low as 12%. Transesophageal echocardiography is superior to transthoracic echocardiography for the diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus but has some severe complications. 3D CT angiography can be used to distinguish patent ductus arteriosus with Eisenmenger's syndrome from primary pulmonary hypertension.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2003

[Multi-slice CT angiography in the diagnosis and characterization of cerebral aneurysms].

PURPOSE: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of multislice computed tomography angiography in the detection and characterization of cerebral aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Multislice CT angiography and DSA were performed in 41 patients suspected to have intracranial aneurysms. A volume rendering method was used to produce three-dimensional CT angiograms. The diameter, location, neck and branching pattern of aneurysms were evaluated with CT angiography and DSA and compared with each other. RESULTS: Of 41 patients, DSA depicted 44 aneurysms in 33 patients. Multislice CT angiography depicted 44 aneurysms in 34 patients. One aneurysm demonstrated with DSA was not detected at multislice CT angiography. One aneurysm demonstrated with multislice CT angiography and confirmed at surgery was not demonstrated with DSA. There was no false positive aneurysm in multislice CT angiography. There were 4 aneurysms smaller than 3 mm and multislice CT angiography demonstrated all these aneurysms. In 9 aneurysms, the neck and branching pattern could only be shown with multislice CT angiography. Sensitivity and specificity of multislice CT angiography were 97.7% and 87.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Multislice CT angiography has a high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms and is superior to DSA in the delineation of the aneurysm neck and branching pattern. Multislice technology with submillimeter collimation improves the detection of small aneurysms and the delineation of the neck of the aneurysms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Acute acalculous cholecystitis in children: Diagnosis and treatment.

PURPOSE: In this study, 12 patients with acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) who underwent diagnosis and treatment at the authors' clinic were discussed. METHODS: Nine of these patients were boys, and 3 were girls. The mean age was 7.8 years. Almost all had fever, abdominal pain, and tenderness. Other manifestations included vomiting (75%) and jaundice (41%). Results of laboratory tests showed leucocytosis (83%) and abnormal liver function (66%). Three patients (25%) had previous operations (2 perforated appendicitis and 1 osteomylitis), and 4 (33%) had a previous blunt abdominal trauma. Five patients (41%) had underlying infectious disease. Diagnosis was suspected clinically and confirmed by ultrasonography (USG). USG criteria for AAC consisted of gallbladder (GB) distension, GB wall thickness (>3.5 mm), nonshadowing echogenic materials or sludge, and pericholecystic fluid collections. All patients were treated initially nonoperatively with nasogastric suction, intravenous fluids and antibiotics. They were followed by daily USG examinations, clinical condition, physical examinations, and laboratory findings for determining the timing of operative intervention. RESULTS: GB distension was found in 50% of patients, a thickened GB wall in 100%, nonshadowing echogenic materials or sludge in 50%, and pericholecystic fluid in 41% at first USG examinations of patients. The combination of the least 2 USG criteria was noticed in all patients. Daily USG examinations also were helpful in confirming the diagnosis in our series. In contrast to the other 9 patients, daily USG examinations found a progressive increasing GB wall thickness and distension, or a persistent appearance of the nonshadowing echogenic materials or sludge and pericholecystic fluid in 3 (25%). Cholecystectomy was performed in these patients. In the other 9 patients (75%), daily USG examinations found a progressive improvement in the previous USG findings. They recovered fully and complete resolution of symptoms and signs related to AAC with nonoperative treatment resulted. CONCLUSIONS: USG is the most reliable method of early diagnosis of AAC. In addition, follow-up USG criteria are earlier and much more reliable in determining the most favorable time for operative intervention than those of clinical and laboratory criteria used conventionally in AAC patients who had underlying diseases. So, the authors suggest that initially nonoperative treatment of AAC is safe and effective in most cases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2002

Hemophagocytic syndrome as an initial presentation of miliary tuberculosis without pulmonary findings.

A 9-y-old girl was admitted with fever, weakness and weight loss. She had pancytopenia in peripheral blood, hypocellularity and hemophagocytosis in bone marrow. Disseminated tuberculosis was diagnosed after a long delay, with involvement of the lungs, bone marrow, liver, spleen and central nervous system. Tuberculosis can be a cause of hemophagocytosis and should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of fever of unknown origin associated with pancytopenia and hemophagocytosis.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Image-guided percutaneous drainage of tuberculous iliopsoas and spondylodiskitic abscesses: midterm results.

PURPOSE: To evaluate midterm results of percutaneous drainage (PD) with image guidance in 21 patients with tuberculous iliopsoas abscesses with or without spondylodiskitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Computed tomography (CT)-guided PD was performed in 21 patients with 26 tuberculous iliopsoas abscesses. Nineteen patients had bone involvement of two or more vertebrae. Eleven patients with spondylodiskitis had intradiskal abscesses. Five patients had bilateral psoas abscesses. Easily and safely accessible well-circumscribed abscesses larger than 3 cm were selected for PD. Catheters were inserted into the abscess cavities with Seldinger technique in all cases. In conjunction with PD, all patients had antituberculous drug therapy and underwent clinical and imaging follow-up for at least 1 year. RESULTS: Percutaneous catheter placement was successful in all cases without procedural complications. On the basis of CT findings, complete evacuation of all abscesses was achieved initially. During follow-up, six (29%) of 21 patients had recurrences within 1 and 3 months after catheter removal. A total of 37 catheters were used; eight of the 37 catheters were inserted due to recurrences. Four patients needed two PD procedures, and two patients needed three due to recurrences. Four catheters were changed because of obstruction or dislocation. Drainage duration ranged from 5 to 36 days (mean, 14.9 days). The follow-up period was 12-52 months (mean, 24 months). None of the patients, including those with recurrence, required surgical drainage and débridement due to insufficient PD. CONCLUSION: Image-guided PD in conjunction with antituberculous drug therapy is an effective and safe procedure in the treatment of tuberculous iliopsoas abscesses with or without spondylodiskitis.

Abscess↗