Biomedical subjects

Alper Sonmez

Publications and source records attributed to Alper Sonmez.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Plasma visfatin levels in patients with newly diagnosed and untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance.

Visfatin, a new adipokine, facilitates adipogenesis and has insulin-mimetic properties. We aimed to investigate the plasma visfatin levels in patients with newly diagnosed and untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), who had no obesity or hypertension. Twenty-two patients with T2DM, 18 subjects with IGT and 40 healthy controls were enrolled. Visfatin levels were measured along with the BMI, blood pressure, lipids, glucose, insulin, adiponectin and hsCRP levels, and HOMA-IR indexes. Age, sex and BMI were similar in all groups. Visfatin levels were higher in the diabetic group than the controls (p=0.01). There was no significant difference in the visfatin levels between the T2DM and IGT groups as well as IGT group and healthy controls. Plasma visfatin concentrations did not differ between men and women. Visfatin levels did not correlate with BMI, blood pressure, plasma adiponectin, insulin, hsCRP, glucose and lipid levels or HOMA-IR indexes in the three groups. These results indicate that hyperglycemia causes an increase in plasma visfatin levels and, as in people with T2DM but not with IGT, this increase gets more prominent as the glucose intolerance worsens.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Adiponectin and insulin resistance in young and healthy smokers.

Smoking is closely associated with insulin resistance, though the mechanism is not clear. Adiponectin, a novel anti-atherosclerotic and anti-inflammatory adipose tissue product, which is closely associated with insulin resistance, was reported to be low in smokers with cofactors for atherosclerosis. However, the effects of smoking on circulating adiponectin levels in otherwise healthy people are unknown. In this study, a case control design was implemented to search for the effect of smoking on plasma adiponectin and insulin sensitivities in healthy people. Sixty-four healthy male smokers, with no family history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus were compared with appropriate 36 age and body mass index matched controls. Both the patients and controls were the soldiers of a troop with regular daily physical activity. Plasma adiponectin, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), insulin and lipid levels, and insulin sensitivity as assessed by homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA) of the smokers were measured and compared with those of the controls. The plasma adiponectin, hsCRP, insulin levels and HOMA indexes of the two groups were similar. These parameters were not affected by the amount of cigarettes per day. HDL-cholesterol levels were lower (p = 0.01) and systolic blood pressures were higher (p = 0.02) in the smokers. These results indicate that smoking may not affect plasma adiponectin and insulin levels in young and healthy men with high exercise capacity.

Adiponectin↗

PubMed2006

Hyperbaric oxygen treatment augments the efficacy of a losartan regime in an experimental nephrotic syndrome model.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Proteinuria is associated with oxidant stress and inflammation. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. The aim of the study was to investigate the benefits of HBO treatment on an experimental nephrotic syndrome model. METHODS: 50 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 255 +/- 39 g were housed. Forty rats were injected 6 mg/kg adriamycin into tail veins under anesthesia to induce nephrosis, while 10 rats were spared as sham control. After the stabilization of proteinuria at the sixth week, the rats were treated for 6 weeks by losartan (n = 10, 30 mg/kg/day), HBO (n = 10, 2.8 atmosphere absolute, 90 min/day), HBO + losartan (n = 10) and vehicle (n = 10). Protein carbonyl (PCO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were analyzed from tissue specimens. Biochemical markers were studied from venous samples and 24-hour urine was collected for proteinuria. The surviving animals at 12 weeks (vehicle group (n = 6), HBO (n = 6), losartan (n = 8), HBO + losartan (n = 10) were sacrificed. Glomerular sclerosis, tubulointerstitial and blood vessel changes were determined by semiquantitative scoring. RESULTS: The PCO levels increased (p < 0.001), and the GPx and SOD levels decreased (p < 0.001 for both) in the nephrotic rats. In losartan and HBO groups GPx levels increased (p = 0.001, p = 0.002 respectively), but PCO and SOD levels did not change. The combination of HBO with losartan significantly increased the GPx and SOD levels (p = 0.001 for both) and decreased PCO levels (p = 0.005). HBO but not losartan significantly reduced proteinuria (p < 0.001). The combination of HBO and losartan reduced proteinuria better than the single losartan regime (p < 0.001). The effect of the combination was also noticed on the histological examination of the kidneys. The activities, appetites, weight gains, and improvement of edema were better in the HBO combined with losartan regime. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the addition of HBO therapy to a conventional regime, angiotensin receptor blockers, has significant benefits in the management of proteinuria. Future clinical studies are needed to elucidate the role of HBO and other antioxidant strategies in the treatment of proteinuria.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Asymptomatic kindred of patients with coronary events have increased peripheral T-cell activities.

T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We aimed to search for any association between the peripheral T-cell activities and atherogenic risk factors in healthy subjects. Fifty male volunteers (age 22.0 +/- 2.4 years) were enrolled. No subject had any chronic disease or was under any drug treatment. Lymphocytes were isolated from heparinized venous blood and the proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were measured from the amount of radioactive thymidine uptake by the lymphocyte DNA. T-cell activity responses of patients with a family history of coronary events were compared with others. The activity responses of smokers were compared with nonsmokers. Subjects with a positive family history of coronary events had higher PHA stimulated T-cell response and delta cpm (P < 0.05 for each). Total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels of the subjects with a positive family history of cardiovascular events were positively correlated with the PHA-activated T-cell responses (P = 0.022, r = 0.604 and P = 0.015, r = 0.635, respectively). There was no significant difference between the T-cell activity responses of smokers and nonsmokers. No correlation was found between the biochemical parameters and T-cell activities in these groups. Peripheral T-cell activity responses to PHA are higher in the asymptomatic relatives of patients with coronary events. This may be a clue for the familial tendency of atherosclerotic diseases. Further follow-up studies are necessary to investigate the relationship.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

The determinants of endothelial dysfunction in CKD: oxidative stress and asymmetric dimethylarginine.

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress is related to endothelial dysfunction (ED) and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease. Increased asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels are among the main causes of ED. We aim to investigate any association between ED and ADMA levels, as well as levels of oxidative stress markers, in patients with chronic kidney disease. METHODS: One hundred fifty-nine patients without diabetes with chronic kidney disease were studied. Staging was performed according to glomerular filtration rate, determined as stages 1 to 5 according to the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (n = 30, 33, 28, 32, and 36, respectively). The control group consisted of 30 healthy subjects. Oxidative stress markers (plasma malondialdehyde [MDA], erythrocyte superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px]), trace elements (erythrocyte zinc [EZn], erythrocyte copper [ECu]), plasma selenium (Se), and serum ADMA were studied. Brachial artery endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (FMD) was calculated for all. RESULTS: FMD, SOD, GSH-Px, EZn, ECu, and Se values were lower, whereas MDA and ADMA levels were higher in patients than controls. Glomerular filtration rate correlated negatively with MDA and ADMA levels and positively with FMD, SOD, and GSH-Px values. These parameters were significantly different among patients with stages 2, 3, 4, and 5 (hemodialysis group; P < 0.001 for all). Regression analysis showed that ADMA (beta = -0.228; P < 0.01), SOD (beta = 0.405; P < 0.001), and oxidized low-density lipoprotein levels (beta = -0.428; P < 0.001) were related independently to FMD, whereas glomerular filtration rate was not involved in the model. CONCLUSION: The present results imply that FMD, oxidative stress, and ADMA levels all are associated with stage of chronic kidney disease. Additionally, levels of oxidative stress markers and ADMA independently determine endothelial function.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

The effect of fluvastatin on plasma adiponectin levels in dyslipidaemia.

OBJECTIVE: There is controversy about the effects of statins on insulin resistance and plasma adiponectin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of fluvastatin treatment on these parameters in a group of dyslipidaemic patients who had no confounding factors for insulin resistance or alterations in plasma adiponectin. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Forty-nine patients [27 males, 22 females; mean age 47.2 +/- 10.3 years; body mass index (BMI) 29.64 +/- 3.2 kg/m2] with dyslipidaemia and 20 controls (six males, 14 females; mean age 45.3 +/- 9.31 years; BMI 30.07 +/- 4.04 kg/m2) were enrolled. All patients were treated initially with therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) for 6 weeks. Six out of 49 subjects were excluded from the study. Then, 24 out of 43 patients with high blood cholesterol despite TLC were allocated to fluvastatin 80 mg daily plus TLC, and the remaining 19 patients with normal cholesterol were subjected to TLC alone for additional 12 weeks. MEASUREMENTS: Plasma adiponectin, immunoreactive insulin levels, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipids, and glucose were determined. The insulin sensitivity index was quantified using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). RESULTS: TLC caused significant improvement in plasma insulin (P = 0.02) and elevation in plasma adiponectin (P = 0.02). Fluvastatin treatment decreased total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol significantly (P = 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively). No significant effect of fluvastatin was observed on plasma insulin or adiponectin or on the HOMA index. CONCLUSIONS: Fluvastatin does not improve plasma adiponectin levels and insulin sensitivity, despite its beneficial effects on lipid levels. Our data, however, were limited by the fact that a more accurate method of assessing insulin sensitivity, the euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic glucose clamp technique, was not used.

Adiponectin↗

PubMed2006

Plasma adiponectin and insulin resistance in new onset hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: The data related to association among hypertension, insulin resistance, and plasma adiponectin concentration is controversial. We aimed to evaluate the relationships among these factors in a young hypertensive group who had no confounding factors. DESIGN AND METHODS: Thirty newly diagnosed and formerly untreated hypertensive males (mean age 23.4 +/- 4.0 yr; body mass index: 24.9 +/- 2.2 kg/m2), and 60 healthy control subjects (mean age 22.5 +/- 3.2 yr; body mass index: 24.6 +/- 1.6 kg/m2) were enrolled. Insulin resistance was calculated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). RESULTS: The two groups were similar in terms of age, body mass index, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol, adiponectin, insulin, HOMA, and hsCRP levels. Mean triglyceride levels in hypertensive patients were significantly higher than the controls (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that young, newly diagnosed, uncomplicated patients with hypertension have similar plasma adiponectin levels and insulin sensitivities when compared to healthy controls. We suggest that high blood pressure itself may not be associated with insulin resistance or low adiponectin levels in patients with new onset, uncomplicated hypertension.

Adiponectin↗

PubMed2006

Labial and palatal talon cusps on geminated tooth associated with dental root shape abnormality: a case report.

Talon cusp on a geminated tooth is a very rare condition. To the best of our knowledge, the literature contains only one case report of a labial talon cusp on a geminated tooth. This is the first clinical report describing a case of bilateral talon cusps on geminated permanent maxillary central incisors associated with dental root shape abnormality and its successful management.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Endothelial functions improve with decrease in asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels after renal transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased cardiovascular events. The relationships between the markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction were investigated both before and after living donor kidney transplantation. METHODS: Twenty-seven renal transplant patients were studied. Eleven patients (six male, five female) were on cyclosporine A, whereas 16 patients (nine male, seven female) were treated with tacrolimus based regimes. Twenty-seven subjects (12 males, 15 females) were studied as controls. Plasma adiponectin, high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP), Asymetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA) levels were studied before transplantation and on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28. The brachial artery flow mediated dilatation (FMD) was studied before transplantation and on the 28th day. RESULTS: Serum hsCRP and ADMA levels decreased significantly from the first posttransplantation day on each measurement (P<0.001 for all) while the decrement of plasma adiponectin started in the third day (P<0.001 for all). The FMD was lower in the patients than the control group (P<0.001) and improved significantly in the 28th day of transplantation (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that ADMA is associated with FMD in CKD both before and after kidney transplantation. Endothelial functions improve at the very beginning of the posttransplantation period with accompanying reduction in ADMA and hsCRP levels.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Assessment of oxidative stress in the early posttransplant period: comparison of cyclosporine A and tacrolimus-based regimens.

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease. Although it is clear that many metabolic abnormalities improve, the effects of kidney transplantation on oxidative state are obscure. METHODS: Twenty-three kidney transplant patients were included in the study. Eleven patients (mean age 27.9+/- 9.1 years) were treated with cyclosporine A (CsA) whereas 12 patients (mean age 22.4 +/- 3.4 years) were treated with tacrolimus. Twenty-three healthy subjects served as controls. None of the patients or controls suffered from diabetes mellitus or an acute infection at the time of the study. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), plasma selenium (Se), erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), erythrocyte Zn (EZn), and erythrocyte Cu (ECu) levels were studied before and in the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th and 28th days after the transplantation. RESULTS: The GSH-Px, SOD, ECu, EZn and selenium levels were lower and MDA levels were higher in patients than controls before transplantation (p < 0.001 for all). MDA levels decreased and SOD, GSH-Px, ECu, EZn levels increased in parallel to the decrement of serum creatinine levels following the renal transplantation. No difference was found among the patients regarding the treatment regime. CONCLUSION: The study data suggest that the improvement in oxidative state parameters begins at the first day of renal transplantation and continues at the 28th posttransplant day in living donor transplantations.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system increases plasma adiponectin levels in type-2 diabetic patients with proteinuria.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Adiponectin seems to be an important modulator for metabolic and vascular diseases. A case study was designed to measure plasma adiponectin levels and to investigate the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on adiponectin levels in type-2 diabetic patients with proteinuria. METHODS: Forty-nine patients (28 males, 21 females) and 23 healthy volunteers (13 males, 10 females) were included in the case study. Patients with proteinuria were treated with 5 mg/day ramipril (n = 21) for 4 weeks. RESULTS: Adiponectin levels of patients were significantly lower than those of healthy volunteers (p < 0.001). There were significant negative correlations between adiponectin concentrations and insulin levels as well as the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index in the patient group (r = -0.655, p < 0.001; r = -0.469, p = 0.001, respectively). There was also a significant negative correlation between plasma adiponectin concentrations and the degree of proteinuria (r = -0.912, p < 0.001). Plasma adiponectin levels in patients with proteinuria (n = 21; 4.81 +/- 3.17 microg/ml) were significantly lower than those without proteinuria (n = 28; 10.25 +/- 2.03 microg/ml; p < 0.001). After the treatment period, adiponectin levels significantly increased (p < 0.001) and proteinuria, plasma insulin, and HOMA indexes significantly decreased in the treatment group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that adiponectin is inversely correlated with proteinuria and treatment with ramipril both corrects proteinuria and increases the low adiponectin levels in diabetic patients.

Adiponectin↗

PubMed2005

Varices of inferior epigastric veins caused by chronic inferior vena cava obstruction: mimicking normal venous flow pattern on radionuclide venography.

A 21-year-old patient with long-standing inferior vena cava obstruction secondary to idiopathic thrombosis extending from the external iliac veins underwent a radionuclide venography with Tc-99m pertechnetate labeled erythrocytes. The blood pool phase of the study revealed bilaterally distorted inferior epigastric veins mimicking normal venous flow pattern. The authors present this case to discuss the possible alternative routes and the underlying physiopathologic mechanism of this unusual flow pattern in chronic inferior vena cava obstruction.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

The efficacy and tolerability of doxycycline and mefloquine in malaria prophylaxis of the ISAF troops in Afghanistan.

OBJECTIVES: Afghanistan is one of the endemic regions of chloroquine resistant P. falciparum. Mefloquine and doxycycline are among the recommended prophylactic regimes. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of the two regimes on the Turkish soldiers settled in Kabul, Afghanistan. METHODS: A total number of 1400 soldiers were subjected to prophylactic regimes with either doxycycline 100 mg/day (n=986) or mefloquine 250 mg/week (n=414). Prophylaxis lasted about 12 weeks. The side effects and compliances were investigated by questionnaires. All soldiers were monitored up to 6 months after returning home. RESULTS: No malaria case was observed and there was no severe side effect in either group. The total side effects in doxycycline group were significantly higher (P<0.001). The compliance of mefloquine takers was better than the doxycycline takers (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The tolerability of the mefloquine regime is better than the doxycycline regime in malaria prophylaxis.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Prostate cancer and adiponectin.

OBJECTIVES: To search for any relation between plasma adiponectin levels and the cellular differentiation or progression of prostate cancer (PCa). PCa is becoming an increasingly important public health problem, particularly for those countries with a trend toward an aging population. Because insulin resistance in the setting of obesity is associated with the development of PCa, we hypothesized that decreased adiponectin levels might underlie the association between PCa and obesity/insulin resistance. METHODS: In this study, we investigated plasma adiponectin levels in 30 patients with PCa, 41 subjects with benign prostatic obstruction, and 36 healthy individuals. The body mass index and age of the groups were similar. Patients with PCa were stratified into two groups according to the spread of the disease as organ-confined and advanced disease and into three groups according to grade (low, intermediate, and high grade determined by a Gleason sum of less than 5, between 5 and 7, and more than 7, respectively). RESULTS: Plasma adiponectin levels were significantly lower in the PCa group than in the benign prostatic obstruction group or controls (P < 0.001 for both). Additionally, the plasma adiponectin levels were significantly lower in the advanced disease group than in the organ-confined PCa group (P = 0.012). Significant negative associations were found between plasma adiponectin levels and prostate-specific antigen levels or biopsy Gleason scores in the PCa group. The plasma adiponectin levels of those with high-grade PCa were also significantly lower than those for both the low-grade and intermediate-grade groups (P < 0.001 for both). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study imply that plasma adiponectin levels are not only lower in patients with PCa but are also negatively associated with the histologic grade and disease stage. Future prospective studies are recommended to establish any causal relation between PCa and plasma adiponectin levels.

Adiponectin↗

PubMed2005

Soluble CD40 ligand levels in patients with hypertension.

CD40 ligand interaction with its receptor (CD40) not only mediates lymphocyte communication, but also associates with chronic inflammation and atherothrombosis. High soluble CD40L (sCD40L) levels were reported in dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and coronary disease. So far, there are no data about sCD40L levels in hypertension. We investigated sCD40L and high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP) levels in 30 nonobese young hypertensive men and 30 matched controls. sCD40L and hsCRP levels were not different, and there were no correlations between blood pressure and sCD40L or hsCRP levels. These results might indicate lack of any inflammatory state in new onset hypertension.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

The association of plasma adiponectin levels with hypertensive retinopathy.

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have demonstrated that low plasma adiponectin concentrations are associated with essential hypertension. It has also recently been shown that adiponectin plays an essential role in the modulation of angiogenesis. These data led us to hypothesize that adiponectin might contribute to end-organ damage in hypertension. METHODS: In the present study we have evaluated the relationship between plasma adiponectin concentrations and hypertensive retinopathy. One hundred and ten patients newly diagnosed with essential hypertension (EHT) (mean age, 46.79+/-5.0 years; body mass index (BMI), 26.47+/-2.23 kg/m(2); male/female ratio, 58/52) and 57 healthy normotensive control subjects (NT) (mean age, 46.84+/-5.4 years; BMI, 26.66+/-2.65 kg/m(2); male/female ratio, 33/24) were enrolled. RESULTS: Plasma adiponectin levels were significantly lower in EHT than in NT (P < 0.001). In addition, adiponectin concentrations were strongly correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressures in EHT (r = -0.757, P < 0.001; r = -0.761, P < 0.001) while there was no correlation in the NT group. Plasma adiponectin in patients with grade 0 hypertensive retinopathy (n = 52) was significantly higher than that of the patients with grade 1 (n = 30) and 2 (n = 28) hypertensive retinopathy (P < 0.001 for each). Plasma adiponectin in patients with grade 0 hypertensive retinopathy was also significantly lower than that in the NT group (P < 0.001). The estimated threshold of plasma adiponectin concentration for hypertensive retinopathy was 17 microg/ml. This critical adiponectin level served largely to separate patients with retinopathy from those without. CONCLUSION: Our results have shown that plasma adiponectin concentrations decrease progressively with higher grades of hypertensive retinopathy even after correction for other atherogenic risk factors, suggesting that a critical adiponectin level is needed for the development of retinopathy.

Adiponectin↗

PubMed2005

Successful ABO-incompatible liver transplantation with pre- and postoperative plasmapheresis, triple immunosuppression, and splenectomy for fulminant hepatic failure.

Fulminant hepatic failure continues to be a challenge to hepatologists and surgeons. Because of the rapid deterioration in the clinical condition of patients with fulminant hepatic failure and the scarcity of available grafts, an ABO-incompatible liver donor may be the only choice for a patient with life-threatening hepatic insufficiency. Here, we report a patient with fulminant hepatic failure who received an ABO-incompatible liver transplantation who was treated with pre- and posttransplantation double-volume total plasma exchange, splenectomy, and triple immunosuppression (tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisone) in July 2003. At 26 months' follow-up, the patient's postoperative course has been uneventful. Using protocols aimed at removing existing isohemagglutinins and reducing further antibody production, ABO-incompatible liver transplantation may be performed as a life-saving procedure in patients with fulminant hepatic failure.

ABO Blood-Group System↗

PubMed2004

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist increases plasma adiponectin levels in type 2 diabetic patients with proteinuria.

Adiponectin appears to be an important modulator for metabolic and vascular diseases. A case-controlled study was designed to measure plasma adiponectin levels and investigate the effects of rosiglitazone on adiponectin levels in type 2 diabetic patients with proteinuria. Sixty-four patients (mean age, 46.1+/-4.6 yr; 30 male, 34 female) and 26 healthy volunteers (mean age, 45.3+/-4.8 yr; 14 male, 12 female) were included. Patients with proteinuria were treated with 4-mg/d rosiglitazone (n=21, 10 males, 11 females) for 4 wk. Adiponectin levels in patients were significantly lower than those of controls (p<0.001). There were significant negative correlations between adiponectin concentrations and insulin levels as well as homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index in patient's group (r=- 0.538, p<0.001; r=- 0.393, p=0.001, respectively). There was also a significant negative correlation between plasma adiponectin concentrations and the degree of proteinuria (r=- 0.526, p=0.002). Plasma adiponectin levels in patients with proteinuria (n=31; 3.91+/-2.57 microg/mL) were significantly lower than those without proteinuria (n=33; 10.15+/-1.97 microg/mL) (p<0.001). After the treatment period, adiponectin levels significantly increased (p<0.001) and proteinuria, plasma insulin, and HOMA indexes significantly decreased in treatment group (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). The results suggest that adiponectin is inversely correlated with proteinuria and treatment with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist rosiglitazone both corrects proteinuria and increases the low adiponectin levels in diabetic patients.

Adipocytes↗