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Biomedical subjects

Anders G Broberg

Publications and source records attributed to Anders G Broberg.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

A comparison of sequenced individual and group psychotherapy for patients with bulimia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE: The current study examined the effectiveness of individual (IND) versus group (GRP) therapy for patients with bulimia nervosa (BN), using a manual of sequenced treatment with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) followed by interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT). METHOD: Eighty-six participants with BN were matched and randomized to 23 sessions of IND or GRP. Participants were measured pretreatment and posttreatment and at 1-year and 2.5-year follow-ups using both intent-to-treat and completer samples. RESULTS: The intent-to-treat analysis revealed that the percentage of participants recovered and remitted was equivalent between IND and GRP. Significant group differences were found between completers on binge eating and compensatory behavior with greater improvement for IND. On most measures, effect sizes were larger for IND at 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: Sequencing CBT and IPT worked well in both IND and GRP formats. We found few outcome differences between IND as opposed to GRP.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

The development of a systemic school-based intervention: Marte Meo and coordination meetings.

Antisocial behavior is often persistent, and in addition to causing suffering to children and their families, it also poses considerable costs for society. Children who display externalizing behavior in their early years run a high risk of having severe problems later in life. There is a need for treatment methods that may be used in various settings because these children constitute a group that is hard to reach with conventional treatment methods. In addition, the dropout rate from ordinary treatment is often high. In the present study, a systemic school-based model for early detection and intervention among 4-12-year-old children who displayed externalizing behavior problems was developed and examined in a nonrandomized study in the county of Skaraborg in Sweden. The intervention was collaborative and included a combination of the Marte Meo model and coordination meetings based on systemic theory and practice. Treatment effects in the group who had received the intervention were compared with a group who had received treatment as usual in their ordinary school setting. Assessments were carried out before, and 2 years after, the intervention. For the intervention group (N = 33), there was a significant decrease in the children's reported symptoms in school and in the home. No decrease in externalizing behavior was found in the comparison group (N = 16). There were no dropouts in the intervention group after the intervention had begun. The results are promising; the study demonstrates that it is possible to work effectively with many children who display externalizing behavior problems in a nonclinical setting.

Antisocial Personality Disorder↗
PubMed2005

Bullying in adolescence: psychiatric problems in victims and bullies as measured by the Youth Self Report (YSR) and the Depression Self-Rating Scale (DSRS).

Adolescents in junior high school (n = 237), completed a questionnaire on bullying as it relates to victim and to perpetrator status, suicidality and biographical data. Psychological symptoms were assessed by the Youth Self Report (YSR) and the Depression Self-Rating Scale (DSRS) supplemented by school health officers blind assessments. Bullying was common: bully only (18%), victim only (10%) and victim and bully (9%). Bullies had mainly externalizing symptoms (delinquency and aggression) and those of the victim and bully group both externalizing and internalizing symptoms as well as high levels of suicidality. Adolescents in the bully only group were more likely to be boys and to have attention problems. Moreover, a substantial proportion of the adolescents in the victim only group were judged by school health officer to have psychiatric symptoms and to function socially less well.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Children with asthma. Few adjustment problems are related to high perceived parental capacity and family cohesion.

A cross-sectional investigation of 59 Swedish 7-9-year-olds with asthma and their parents was undertaken to study family factors of importance to the children's psychological adjustment. Children scored the I Think I Am questionnaire, a measure of global self-worth, parents the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL). Parents' report of family cohesion was assessed with the Family Climate questionnaire, perceived parental capacity with a combination of a short form of the Parental Locus of Control questionnaire and the Parenting Efficacy questionnaire. High family cohesion and high perceived parental capacity were both associated with a high average child-reported global self-worth and children having on average few emotional and behavioural problems according to parental ratings. We found no support for the often-held view that high family cohesion (i.e. enmeshment) is associated with poor psychological adjustment of the child. The study, although small and limited by its cross-sectional design, supports the association between family cohesion and perceived parental capacity on the one hand and psychological adjustment of children with asthma on the other.

Asthma↗
PubMed2005

The Göteborg discotheque fire: posttraumatic stress, and school adjustment as reported by the primary victims 18 months later.

BACKGROUND: On October 29, 1998, around 400 young people were gathered in an old warehouse in Göteborg, Sweden, for a discotheque party. A fire erupted and spread explosively. Adolescents were exposed to dreadful scenes inside and outside the building. In all, 63 young people were killed and 213 physically injured. An 18-month follow-up with 275 adolescents (126 girls) who survived the fire, regarding the effects of the fire on symptoms of posttraumatic stress, school adjustment and performance, is reported. METHODS: Impact of Events Scale (IES), Clinician Administered Posttraumatic Stress Scale (CAPS) and an interview concerning background factors and issues of public and personal support. RESULTS: The level of posttraumatic stress was generally high, and highest among adolescents with an immigrant background. In all, 25% of the participants met DSM-IV criteria for PTSD. Twenty-three percent of the participants reported having either dropped out of school or repeated a class because of the fire. Students' ratings of how their own school handled the situation, and school absenteeism, were related to ratings of their own performance in school as well as to the level of posttraumatic stress. CONCLUSIONS: Traditional talking cures were more sought out by girls than boys. Broad-scale interventions must be complemented with special treatment opportunities for the most severely afflicted. Victims who suffer from high levels of posttraumatic stress need special support for a long period of time to minimise the effects on scholastic achievement and adjustment. Studies of the effects of traumatic events on child and adolescent development should measure school-related effects better than has hitherto been the case.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2003

The Göteborg discothèque fire, 1998.

Findings from a study of 563 adolescents' reactions following a discotheque fire that killed 63 young people in Göteborg in October 1998 are presented. The group answered a questionnaire seven months following the disaster. The questionnaire included the Impact of Event Scale (IES) and the Birleson Depression Self-Rating Scale (DSRS). The level of trauma was found to be very high, while depression scores were less elevated. A little under a third of the students scored above a clinical cut-off point (> 35) on the IES, indicating high posttraumatic stress levels. Girls evidenced more depression and traumatic stress reactions than boys. Levels of reactions increased with more closeness (knowing victims personally) and if the adolescents were of non-Swedish origin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Young children traumatized by organized violence together with their mothers--the critical effects of damaged internal representations.

Three examples of young Kosovar children who were exposed to brutal violence together with their mothers are presented to illustrate how important it is to understand the impact of traumatic events on young children's development from the perspective of the parent-child relationship. The traumatized mothers' internal representations of self and self-being-together-with-child were damaged, and this in turn led to their care-giving system and internal representations of the children being negatively affected. No longer being able to see themselves as protective and loving parents, the mothers were unable to respond to their children with care-giving behaviour. The traumatized children's increased attachment behaviour and posttraumatic symptoms functioned as a trigger for posttraumatic symptoms in the mothers and contributed to a disengagement of the care-giving system. The on-going process disrupted the previous attachment pattern in mother-child interaction and a disorganized attachment pattern developed.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

A measure for the assessment of eating disorders: reliability and validity studies of the Rating of Anorexia and Bulimia interview - revised version (RAB-R).

The Rating of Anorexia and Bulimia interview (RAB) is a Swedish semi-structured interview for clinical and research purposes for a wide range of eating disorder symptoms and related psychopathology. The objectives were to evaluate the reliability and validity of a revised RAB version (RAB-R). The RAB-R was assessed in terms of internal consistency, inter-rater and test-retest reliability, and criterion and convergent validity. Samples included a clinical sample of eating disorder patients (n = 71) and a sample of randomly drawn female controls (n = 31). The RAB-R showed satisfactory internal consistency, inter-rater and test-retest reliability, correlated well with related measures, and discriminated between patients and normal controls. We conclude that the RAB-R is a promising interview instrument and continued evaluation should focus on comparing subgroups of eating disorder patients with other clinical groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Good esteem among 7-9-year-olds with asthma. The test "I consider myself! shows small differences in comparison with healthy children].

Self esteem as judged by interviewing 47 children between 7 and 9 years of age with asthma treated at a hospital clinic was no different from that of 383 healthy children of the same age. While healthy girls rated their self worth higher than boys, there was no sex difference in self esteem among the children with asthma. Factors including the cohabitation of parents, peak flow rate and presence of exercise-induced asthma was of importance for the self esteem rate among the children with asthma.

Asthma↗
PubMed2002

Attitudes to dental care among parents of uncooperative vs. cooperative child dental patients.

The aim of this cross-sectional questionnaire study was to investigate four aspects of parents' attitudes to dental care (knowledge, child's oral health behavior, priorities and responsibility). One study group (n = 50) of parents of uncooperative child dental patients (aged 8-12 yr) was compared to a reference group (n = 113) of parents of ordinary child dental patients of similar age, and to a second study group (n = 36) of parents of uncooperative younger child patients (aged 4-7 yr). Study group parents had significantly lower socio-economic status and a higher level of dental fear as compared to parents of ordinary child patients. We found indications of a poorer dental knowledge and a differing responsibility-taking profile among study group parents. Their children also had sweets more often. As compared to parents of younger children, the older study group parents had lower socio-economic status and showed a lower responsibility-taking related to the child's treatment refusal. In conclusion, parents of uncooperative children differ from parents of ordinary child dental patients, not only in socio-economic status and dental fear, but also in aspects such as dental knowledge and responsibility-taking. These differences were partly related to the child's age.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Emergence and constructvalidation of the big five factors in early childhood: a longitudinal analysis of their ontogeny in Sweden.

Researchers have shown that the five major dimensions of personality (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience) and two additional factors (irritability and positive activity) are evident from adolescence. This study attempted to replicate and extend these results in a longitudinal study of 102 Swedish children, followed from 2.3 to 15.2 years of age. Item analyses revealed consistently reliable irritability, conscientiousness, and positive activity factors, whereas the internal reliability of the extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, and openness to experience factors increased over time. Irritability and positive activity were not independent of the other factors. Scores on most of the personality factors were fairly stable over time. Over time, children became less extraverted, more agreeable, and more conscientious. Neuroticism and openness to experience increased in Phase III, although openness then decreased in Phase V. Validity of the original factors was demonstrated by correlations with independent assessments of the children's cognitive performance and adjustment to school.

Achievement↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lack of cooperation in pediatric dentistry--the role of child personality characteristics.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate fear, temperament, behavioral symptoms and verbal intelligence in a study group of uncooperative child dental patients, partly in comparison with a reference group of ordinary child dental patients. A second aim was to explore a hypothesis of heterogeneity by searching for subgroups within the study group. METHODS: Parents of 86 study group children (36 aged 4-to 7- years and 50 aged 8- to 12-years) and 117 reference group children (8- to 12-years) answered a questionnaire concerning dental and general fear, temperament and general behavior. Study group children performed a vocabulary test to measure verbal intelligence. Data were analyzed with a variable-based and a person-based approach. RESULTS: In addition to dental fear, a higher level of impulsivity most clearly discriminated study group from reference group children. Cluster analyses revealed four different fear and personality subgroups within the study group. CONCLUSIONS: Uncooperative child dental patients constitute a heterogeneous group. Subgroups with different fear, temperament and behavior problem profiles can be identified. These subgroups could be presumed to benefit from different treatment regimens, which should be further investigated.

Analysis of Variance↗