Treatment options for BCG failures.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Andreas Boehle.
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OBJECTIVES: On behalf of the European Association of Urology (EAU), guidelines for the diagnosis, therapy and follow-up of patients with urothelial carcinoma in situ (CIS) have been established. METHOD: The recommendations in these guidelines are based on a recent comprehensive overview and meta-analysis in which two panel members have been involved (RS and AVDM). A systematic literature search was conducted using Medline, the US Physicians' Data Query (PDQ), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and reference lists in trial publications and review articles. RESULTS: Recommendations are provided for the diagnosis, conservative and radical surgical treatment, and follow-up of patients with CIS. Levels of evidence are influenced by the lack of large randomized trials in the treatment of CIS.
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