Testing is necessary on animals as well as in vitro.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
Andrew Huxley
Publications and source records attributed to Andrew Huxley.
David Keynes Hill.
David Hill followed his father, A.V. Hill FRS, into the study of muscular contraction. Using a wide range of experimental techniques, he made several important advances of which the most important was the discovery of the 'short-range elastic component', a phenomenon which implied that even in the resting state there was an interaction between the thick (myosin) and thin (actin) filaments. He also studied physical changes in nerve when stimulated.
History, 20th Century↗
From overshoot to voltage clamp.
In 1939, A.L. Hodgkin and I found that the nerve action potential shows an "overshoot"--that is, the interior of the fibre becomes electrically positive during an action potential. In 1948, we did our first experiments with a voltage clamp to investigate the current-voltage relations of the nerve membrane. Between those dates, we spent much time speculating about the mechanism by which ions cross the membrane and how the action potential is generated. This article summarizes these speculations, none of which has been previously published.
Action Potentials↗
Research and the embryo.
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Advisory Committees↗