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Biomedical subjects

Andrew L Sonis

Publications and source records attributed to Andrew L Sonis.

3 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Proximal segment displacement in mandibular distraction osteogenesis.

Distraction osteogenesis has been advocated for treatment of the mandibular deformity in patients with hemifacial microsomia (HFM). During the active phase, the force of distraction pushes the distal segment of the mandible down, creating a distraction gap. Because of the abnormal temporomandibular joint anatomy in HFM patients, the proximal segment may not seat in the glenoid fossa and thus may be displaced with distraction. The purpose of this study was to determine the vector(s) of proximal segment movement during mandibular distraction using a semiburied device. Two investigators traced the immediate pre-and postdistraction panoramic radiographs of 12 HFM patients (mean age at operation = 8.4 years, mean distraction = 28 mm) who had mandibular distraction with a semiburied device. Radiographic analysis, based on a vertical maxillary reference line, measured change in condylar position with angular and linear measurements. Inter-rater reliability for the tracing and analysis was shown with a correlation coefficient between 0.89 and 0.99 for all measures. Based on the angular and linear measurements, 10 of the 12 patients had superior movement of the proximal segment with distraction. Sagittal movement of the proximal segment could not be judged adequately. This study was based on measurements made on panoramic radiographs. Direct measurements could not be made; thus, it was not possible to estimate proximal segment movement in millimeters or as a percentage of total movement. Further studies to document proximal segment movement using computed tomography scans may provide more quantitative data.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acquisition of mutans streptococci and caries prevalence in pediatric sickle cell anemia patients receiving long-term antibiotic therapy.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to: (1) evaluate the prevalence of mutans streptococci (MS) and dental caries in sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients receiving long-term prophylactic penicillin therapy; and (2) determine changes in MS colonization and dental caries upon discontinuing the antibiotic. METHODS: Sixty subjects with SCA and 60 age- and race-matched control subjects participated in this study. The SCA subjects were divided into 2 separate age groups: (1) group 1 subjects were under 6 years of age and received penicillin twice a day; and (2) group 2 subjects were 6 to 12 years old and received no daily prophylactic antibiotics, although up to age 6 they had received daily penicillin before it was discontinued. DMFS/dmfs scores for all subjects were obtained through a comprehensive dental examination including bitewing radiographs. Stimulated salivary samples to assess MS levels were obtained on all subjects. Data on medical, dental, fluoride, and dietary history were obtained on all patients through a written parental questionnaire. RESULTS: No group 1 patients had positive cultures for MS. In contrast, 70% of marched controls cultured positively for MS (P<.01). The DMFS/dmfs score for group 1 was 0.21 vs 5.1 for the control group (P<.01). Differences in surfaces affected were also noted, with no group 1 patients having interproximal lesions compared to 47% of control subjects having these lesions (P<.01). Group 2 also had significantly lower levels of MS than matched controls (47% vs 97%, P<.01), although there was no statistically significant difference in caries prevalence or surfaces involved. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that long-term penicillin prophylaxis in SCA patients likely prevents the acquisition of MS, resulting in significantly lower caries rates in these patients. This benefit occurs only during active administration of the drug, however, and only delays the acquisition of MS.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗