Letter to the editors: did a stone save Rome from destruction?
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Carotid Artery Injuries↗
Biomedical subjects
Andrew N Williams
Publications and source records attributed to Andrew N Williams.
ThOMAs: the other means of assessment.
We describe a pilot study to investigate whether drawing "Thomas the Tank Engine" could be as effective a measure of developmental progress as the Goodenough-Harris Draw A Man test against the ThOMAs test (The Other Means of Assessment), with internal validation. The study included 95 children aged between 3 and 11 years of age, including a subgroup of 13 children with registered special needs from community and general pediatric clinics within Birmingham, UK, as a means of validation. There was no significant evidence that ThOMAS was either culturally or sex biased. Using regression analysis, nine items were found to correlate highly with actual age, and their total score gave a correlation of 0.563 with age. Adding further items did not increase this. After being converted into age-standardized scores, ThOMAS was as sensitive and specific as the Draw A Man test, and more so above a defined age-standardized threshold. This pilot study suggests that drawing Thomas the Tank Engine would appear to be as sensitive and specific a means of identifying children with special needs as the Goodenough-Harris Draw A Man test. The relatively small sample size means that further research is necessary to further define the age standardizations and to refine the ThOMAs test.
Age Factors↗
John Darwall, MD (1796-1833): the short yet productive life of a Birmingham practitioner.
This paper summarizes the life and work of John Darwall, a Birmingham physician whose work helped develop several fields of medicine, including occupational health, medical journalism and paediatrics.
England↗
'Developmental delay or failure to arrive?'.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Child↗
A stone at the Siege of Cyropolis and the death of Alexander the Great.
Alexander the Great was struck by a stone at the Siege of Cyropolis in 329 BC and was rendered temporarily blind and inaudible as a result. Although other authors have written extensively about the likely pathological effects of this injury, none have suggested carotid artery dissection as a possible cause. We present evidence that this should be considered as a differential diagnosis and how it might explain an unusual symptom seen at his deathbed in Babylon six years later.
Blindness, Cortical↗