Our great depression.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Bipolar Disorder↗
Biomedical subjects
Andrew Solomon
Publications and source records attributed to Andrew Solomon.
Peripheral ghrelin participates in the glucostatic signaling mediated by the ventromedial and lateral hypothalamus neurons.
Employing immunohistochemistry techniques, we examined the c-fos expression in different hypothalamic areas, when plasma glucose levels were modified by the administration of insulin and 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) respectively. Subsequently, the hypoglycemia produced by an injection of insulin significantly increased feeding concomitant to higher c-fos expression in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), paraventricular nucleus (PVN), dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) and lateral hypothalamus (LH), while no statistical changes in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) were found. Also, the glucopenia induced by 2-DG administration produced similar stimulatory effects on appetite and the neuronal activity affecting all the hypothalamic areas studied, including the VMH. The peripheral blockade of the orexigenic hormone ghrelin with a specific antibody (AGA) significantly decreased food intake as induced from acute hypoglycemia and glucopenia. Curiously, the conjoint AGA and insulin or 2-DG administration produced a differential effect on the hypothalamic neurons analyzed, by increasing the number of c-fos positive neurons in the ARC, PVN and DMH, but not in the VMH and LH. This outcome suggests an interactive effect of the glucostatic pathways involving these two areas with the ghrelin signaling.
Animals↗
Endocrine therapies for sarcopenia in older men.
This review looks at new therapeutic developments for the increasingly recognized problem of sarcopenia. Increased adiposity and reduced lean body mass characterize ageing men. The potential therapeutic role of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor axis, androgen modulators and myostatin inhibition are discussed.
Aged↗
A death of one's own.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Peripheral ghrelin participates in glucostatic feeding mechanisms and in the anorexigenic signalling mediated by CART and CRF neurons.
Ghrelin is upregulated under negative energy balance conditions, including starvation and hypoglycemia, while it is downregulated under situations of positive energy balance, such as feeding, hyperglycemia and obesity. The aims of this study were to assess potential ghrelin interactions with glucose levels in appetite control and to identify potential mechanisms involving orexigenic and anorexigenic ghrelin mediated signals by using a specific anti-ghrelin antibody. Our results confirm that peripheral ghrelin is an important signal in meal initiation and food intake stimulation. C-fos positive neurons in the PVN increased after insulin or 2-deoxyglucose administration. Moreover, we also demonstrate that peripheral ghrelin blockade with a specific anti-ghrelin antibody reduces, in part, the orexigenic signal induced by insulin and 2-DG administration. Furthermore, when we blocked peripheral ghrelin, c-fos positive CRF neurons and CART expression increased in the PVN, both under hypoglycemia or cytoglycopenia conditions, suggesting a neuronal activation (anorexigenic signalling) in this hypothalamic region. In summary, our findings imply that peripheral ghrelin plays an important role in regulatory "glucostatic" feeding mechanisms due to its role as a "hunger" signal affecting the PVN area, which may contribute to energy homeostasis through both orexigenic/anorexigenic pathways.
Animals↗