Biomedical subjects

Andrzej Chciałowski

Publications and source records attributed to Andrzej Chciałowski.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

[Primary tracheobronchial amyloidosis].

The primary tracheo-bronchial amyloidosis is a rare entity with long lasting and progressive course. Precise diagnosis can be established on the basis of pathological features seen in samples derived from the airways, obtained during fibreoptic bronchoscopy or during lung biopsy sometimes. Describing the case of an insidious course of primary tracheobronchial AL type amyloidoisis, that was initially recognised and treated as a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The authors represent its clinical course and the diagnostic difficulties. The changes in the respiratory tract, both radiological and endoscopic suggested a tuberculous or proliferative process. They were responsible for a severe increasing dyspnoea, due to bronchial obstruction, with muco-haemoptic expectoration. A forceps resection of the endobronchial lesions enabled to established the right diagnosis and further treatment limited to local procedures.

Amyloidosis↗

PubMed2006

[The pathogens of atypical respiratory infections and asthma].

The pathogens of atypical respiratory infections form a big heterogeneous group of different microorganisms. The classical ones belong to bacterial species of Mycoplasma pneumonaie, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila. This category comprises also some viruses and rickettsia. In many cases they are responsible for the asthma course exacerbation. Their contribution in the asthma development is suspected, too. Potential protecting effect against atopy and asthma is a subject of speculations. The authors discuss all three aspects, reporting own observations. A precise determination of the role of atypical infection in asthma remains to be determined.

Asthma↗

PubMed2006

[Respiratory tract amyloidosis].

Amyloidosis is a group of biochemical disturbances, leading to extracellular deposition of misfolded protein fibril's. It can be of primary, secondary or hereditary (familial) origin. The disorder is known from 150 years, and as already 23 fibril precursor proteins have been identified. Its symptoms can be systemic, localized; some forms don't produce any clinical manifestation. In this article amyloidosis pathogenesis, classification, epidemiology, prognosis and clinical characteristics are described, mainly with reference to the respiratory system.

Amyloidosis↗

PubMed2005

Influence of air pollution on pulmonary function in healthy young men from different regions of Poland.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of air pollution on pulmonary function parameters in healthy non-smoking young men. The study comprised 1,278 healthy, non-smoking young men (aged 18-23) living in Poland in regions with different levels of air pollution. The examined population was divided into three groups A, B, and C, based on low, moderate and high air pollution levels, respectively. Spirometry and bodyphletysmography at rest were performed by using of mobile lab PNEUMOBIL. Lung function parameters were analyzed and compared with respect to the level of air pollution. The mean values of the pulmonary function parameters were within the limits in all groups, but we observed statistically significant differences between the groups (lowest mean values in group C and the highest in group A). In all groups we found persons with significant airflow limitation in the central and peripheral bronchi, defined as the decrease of FEV(1) %FVC ratio <70 and FEV(1)<80 % of predicted value (central bronchi), and FEV(1) %FVC ratio >70, FEF(50)<70 % predicted (peripheral bronchi). The percentage of persons with airflow limitation in the central bronchi was in group A (0.3 %), B (0.4 %) and C (1.4 %). The incidence of flow limitation in small bronchi was as follows: in group A (1.2 %), B (0.5 %) and C (6.7 %). The majority of factors defining the capacity of lungs as well as the intensity of the airflow showed a negative correlation with the concentrations of the basic air pollution (SO(2), NO(2), PM(10)). Our study showed, for the first time, the influence of air pollution on pulmonary function parameters in healthy non-smoking young men in the Polish population.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

[Endogenous nitric oxide in obstructive pulmonary diseases].

Recently there has been an intense research what is the role of nitric oxide (NO) in physiological and pathological processes is, especially in pneumonology. Authors discussed endogenous NO synthesis, its molecular mechanism of action, as well as the importance of its detection in exhaled air and clinical utility of such measurements in asthma (AO) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There is evidence that eNO is increased in asthma, correlates with other inflammatory markers and corticosteroids, and anti-leukotrienes reduce its levels. In contrast, assessments of eNO in patients with COPD revealed conflicting results. The authors pointed out, that the eNO level analysis is easy to perform, may be used to diagnose and monitor disease activity and the effects of anti-inflammatory therapy. However this method has limitations resulting from high costs.

Asthma↗

PubMed2005

[Metapneumoviruses--the "youngest" pathogens of respiratory tract infections in human].

Acute respiratory infections are the most common diseases in all age groups in the world. Lower respiratory infections are the main reason of death, hospitalization and antibiotic use in immunocomprised patients and/or patients with respiratory system chronic diseases. The leading role plays viruses: rhinoviruses, influenza and parainfluenza viruses, respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV), adnenoviruses and coronaviruses. The "youngest" pathogen in this group are human metapneumowiruses (hMPV), identified in 2001. They are the reason of infections in infants, older adults and immunocomprised patients. Manifestation of the infection can have a form from a self-limiting upper respiratory tract inflammation, through bronchitis (in adults), bronchiolitis (in infants) and pneumonitis (in infants and adults), and extremely of severe acute respiratory failure with a need of mechanical ventilation. The authores describe microbiological, epidemiological and clinical features on infection with hMPVs.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

[The effect of air pollution on pulmonary function in young men from different regions of Poland].

UNLABELLED: The aim of study was to evaluate possible influence of air pollution on pulmonary function in the population of 1278 healthy non-smoking young men (18-23 years old) from different parts of Poland. Poland was divided into three regions depending on different concentration of SO2, NO2 and airborne particulate matter (PM10) in the air: region 1 comprised North Poland--agricultural areas with the lowest concentrations of pollution, region 2 comprised Central Poland--big agglomerations with moderate air pollution, region 3 comprised South Poland--big agglomerations and industrial centres with the highest pollution level. Subjects were divided further according to a study place (North Group--subjects from region 1, Central Group--subjects from region 2 and South Group--subjects from region 3). Spirometry and bodypletysmography were performed at rest by using of mobile lab PNEUMOBIL (Jaeger). The results of the study were statistically analysed with the use computer packet Statistica. RESULTS OF THE STUDY: Significant decrease of medium values of pulmonary function test (PFT) was observed in the non-smokers from the region of increased air pollution (South Group) in comparison to the non-smokers from the region of low pollution level (North Group).

Adult↗

PubMed2004

[Ciclesonid--new generation of inhaled glucocorticosteroid].

Inhaled corticosteroids with long acting beta 2-mimetics have become the mainstay of therapy for patients with asthma. The clinical and biological activity of the inhaled corticosteroids expressed as anti-inflammatory effect depends on their bioavailability, receptor affinity, lipophility, half-life terminal elimination and molecule value. Ciclesonide as a novel corticosteroid itself is inactive and used as prodrug form and needs to be cleaved by pulmonary esterases to acquire anti-inflammatory activity. Due to its quick initial activity, long clinical effectiveness in dose range of 100-800 micrograms/day, rather mild side effects, Ciclesonide is efficacious as a local potency anti-inflammatory drug.

Administration, Inhalation↗

PubMed2004

[Causal proceeding in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

At present, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is considered as serious clinical, social and economic problem. Widespread habit of smoking together with air-pollutions is the basic etiologic factors, whereas inflammatory process, which involves bronchial tree and pulmonary tissues, is the core of COPD pathogenesis. Quality of life has much been improved by the introduction of pharmacological treatment including: long-acting beta2-mimetics, cholinolytics, mucolytics and in severe cases inhaled glucocorticosteroids. Prophylactic immunization against influenza and pneumococci also has been proved to be helpful. Continuous patient education together with efforts promoting smoking cessation constitute the mainstay of non-pharmacological management. Chronic oxygen therapy, respiratory rehabilitation and non-invasive ventilation proved to be a practical alternative in patients with chronic respiratory failure. Lung-volume-reduction surgery may sometimes be considered as an alternative to lung transplantation in very severe cases of COPD.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗

PubMed2004

[Technetium99 labelled synthetic somatostatin analogue (depreotide) in the diagnosis of peripheral solitary pulmonary nodules].

UNLABELLED: Lung carcinoma is one of the most common neoplasms, both in men and women. Many methods are employed within diagnostics approaches in oncology, among them are radiological, endoscopic, cytological and isotopic ones. Synthetic proteins labelled with gallium (Ga67), indium (In111) or technetium (Tc99) binding with receptors localised on cells surface enable scintigraphic determination of intensive uptake sites. The aim of the study was to asses clinical usefulness of technetium99 labelled synthetic somatostatin analogue (depreotide) in the diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules. Thirty one patients (19 men and 12 women) with isolated peripheral pulmonary lesions in chest X-ray examination were included into the study. All patients received intravenous infusion of synthetic protein compound, trifluorodepreotide acetate labelled with technetium99, with radio activity of 555-740 MBq (mega Becquerel) [Neospect--Nycomed Amersham, UK]. Radiopharmaceutical uptake was determined by two-head gamma camera according SPECT method (single photon emission computed tomography) after 3-4 hours after an injection. Intensive radiopharmaceutical uptake by abnormal lesions was found in 22 patients (71%), however in 9 (29%) it was not found in the sites of radiological changes. Among 22 patients with intensive uptake, in 17 (77%) patients a diagnosis of carcinoma was confirmed and in 5 patients benign lesions were diagnosed. In the group of 5 patients without marker uptake single case of carcinoma was found and in 4 benign lesions. Four patients refused further invasive diagnostic procedures. The sensitivity of this method was 94% with a specificity of 44%. No serious adverse clinical reactions associated with 99Tc depreotide were observed. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Technetium99 labelled synthetic somatostatin analogue [(depreotide) (NeoSpect)] is safe in pulmonological and oncological clinical diagnostics. 2. The use of this compound is a valuable scintigraphic, supplementary method to qualify patients for further invasive diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary solitary nodules.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

[Assessment of reversibility in airway obstruction].

In the medical literature there have been described some methods to determine bronchodilator response. They are different because of the required percentage increase in FEV1 and /or FVC and the way of expressing results -as the percent of predicted or initial value. This study on 38 subjects evaluated that there is better bronchodilator responses when the results are presented as the percentage of the initial value compared with the predicted value. The intensity of improvement in FEV1 depends on the baseline airway obstruction. There are more meaningful responses in subjects with 'poor' initial value when using the criteria of change in FEV1 as a percentage of initial value. About 10% of positive responses are misunderstood as 'poor' when it was considered improvement only in FEV1 (they are positive with reference only to FVC).

Adult↗

PubMed2004

[Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma of the lungs].

Authors present a case of EH as an accidental finding in 40 year old woman appeared as the presented small, solid nodules in both lungs on a routine chest radiograph and HRCT scans. There were no signs in clinical examination, no abnormalities were presented in the spirometric and respiratory tests, neither in the endoscopic digestive tract examinations nor in CT scans of abdomen. The histological examination of open lung biopsy revealed the morphology of epithelioid haemangioendothelioma. During one year follow up no clinical nor radiological progressions have been observed.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

[IL-8 and T-lymphocytes expressing adhesion molecules LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18), Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) Lsel in lower respiratory tract obstructive disease].

Chemokines and T-lymphocytes play an important role in lower respiratory tract inflammation. This study evaluated the concentration of IL-8 and count of T-lymphocytes expressing adhesion molecules LFA-1, Mac-1, Lsel and their correlation in patients with asthma and COPD in periods of exacerbation and clinical improvement (after seven days of anti-inflammatory treatment). In all subjects bronchoscopic examination with BAL procedure were done in exacerbation period and after seven days of treatment. The concentration of IL-8 was measured by ELISA, and the expression of adhesion molecules by biotin-streptavidin methods. The highest concentration of IL-8 was observed in asthma patients in clinical improvement period, and the highest count of T-lymphocytes was observed in patients with COPD in remission phase. Increased concentration of chemokines could have been influenced by type of treatment administered, especially beta 2-mimetics. The significant correlation observed in COPD patients between IL-8 concentration and counts of T-cells expressing LFA-1 (r = 0.44), Mac-1 (r = 0.49), Lsel (r = 0.42) in exacerbation period suggest a chemotactic influence of IL-8 on T-lymphocytes.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2003

[Diagnostic and therapeutic usefulness of fluorescence bronchoscopy].

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The therapy including combinations and novel schedules of administration with chemotherapy, X-ray therapy, endoscopic procedure--brachy and laser therapy, don't contribute to prolong a human survival rates. Among these, new endobronchial diagnosis and treatment methods, including fluorescence and photodynamic therapy are used. The authors shown diagnostic and therapeutic usefulness of fluorescence bronchofiberoscopy.

Bronchoscopy↗

PubMed2003

[The advantages of depreotide in the diagnosis of spherical solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN): preliminary study].

The affinity of various malignant neoplasms including small cell and non-small cell lung cancer for peptide analogue of somatostatin has been documented. Depreotide is such an analogue and can be combined with technetium--99m (99mTc depreotide) for optical imaging properties. Using this radiopharmaceutical product, solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) were previously successful evaluated. In this article the preliminary study of the depreotide (NeoSpect--Amersham, Wielka Brytania) in clinical practice has been shown.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

[The importance of inhibition of adhesion molecules in allergic inflammation].

Inflammation is a defensive reaction of an organism in response to injuring factors and is characterised by effector cells infiltration. Adhesion molecules are involved in their ordered influx. These molecules are glycoprotein particles present on cell surface and on intracellular matrix proteins. Cytokines, chemokines and other inflammatory process mediators modulate the expression of adhesion molecules. Anti-adhesion therapy involves many techniques. Most frequently monoclonal antibodies are used. Other forms of therapy contribute to blocking the synthesis of molecules at transcription level or to inhibition of their transfer from cell interior to its surface. Soluble molecule forms or their receptors are also applied.

Cyclosporins↗

PubMed2003

[Importance of atypical infection in asthma].

The category of atypical respiratory infection involves viruses, bacteria and rickettsia. These micro-organisms can play a marked role in the exacerbation an asthma course but also participate in its development. Authors discuses both aspects, reporting own observations. The knowledge of real importance of atypical infections in asthma remains to be established.

Asthma↗

PubMed2003

[The role of immunoregulatory disorders in pathogenesis of bronchial asthma].

The set of cellular and humoral elements which participate in the pathogenetic chain of bronchial asthma is regarded as characteristic for this disease. They include, among many others: mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, macrophages, Th2 phenotype lymphocytes, IgE antibodies, histamine, leukotrienes and some pro-inflammatory cytokines. The majority of them are effectory agents active at the end of pathogenic immune response. The therapy antagonizing their influences alleviates the symptoms but does not eliminate the cause of the illness. The authors call the attention to the pathogenic significance of immunoregulatory disorders which appear during the induction phase of immune response in patients with symptoms of bronchial asthma. On the basis of current literature and own, already published studies, the authors point to the significance of recently discovered and described thymus-dependent cellular population of regulatory T lymphocytes which are active in prevention of development of allergic and autoaggressive reactions. It is suggested that deficiency of regulatory T cell population caused by undesired environmental influence on thymic lymphopoiesis and the concomitant overstimulation of immunogenic antigen-presenting dendritic cells, create the conditions under which pathogenic immune response may well develop. Therefore, the possibility of introducing of prothymic immunocorrective treatment in bronchial asthma should be taken into account in further clinical studies.

Asthma↗