1H, 13C and 15N NMR spectra of ciprofloxacin.
1H NMR assignment, including the values of delta(H) and J(H,H) for the cyclopropane moiety, and 13C NMR and 15N NMR spectral data for ciprofloxacin are presented.
Carbon Isotopes↗
Biomedical subjects
Andrzej Zieba
Publications and source records attributed to Andrzej Zieba.
[Fluctuations and seasonality in suicidal attempts].
The aim of the study was to analyze seasonality and temporal fluctuations in suicide attempts by persons living in Krakow and hospitalized in the Department of Clinical Toxicology CMUJ in the years 2000-2002. The research focussed on the frequency of suicide attempts in relation to the time of the day, day of the week, and month of the year. Temporal fluctuations in the frequency of suicide attempts have been assessed on the basis of the data from medical documentation concerning 2757 suicide attempts by individuals ranging in age from 14 to 90 years. The group consisted of 1607 females and 1150 males. According to the results of the research, seasonality and temporal fluctuations in the frequency of suicide attempts is different for males and females. In the case of the males examined, no dependence between the frequency of suicide attempts and a particular month or season has been observed. In the case of females, on the contrary, the data indicate the existence of a seasonal pattern with the peak in the spring (or early part of the summer), and in the autumn--in October and November. In males, the peak day for attempted suicide was Monday, whereas in females--Sunday and Monday. As regards the time of the day, both the results of the present research and data collected by WHO/EURO indicate that suicide attempts occurred most frequently in the evening, late in the evening or in the early part the night. In conclusion, it has been emphasized that the majority of suicide attempts, especially by females, occurs late in the evening or early in the night. This finding seems to be of particular importance for suicide prevention--it can contribute to the increase in the effectiveness of the organization of work in the Crisis Intervention Centres and make therapists and patients' families aware of the existence of periods of an increased suicide risk. The research has been conducted owing to the cooperation between the department of Clinical Toxicology, CMUJ and the Department of Adult Clinical Psychiatry, CMUJ in Kraków. The results obtained, together with the results of the research conducted by the centres participating in WHO/EURO are vital for suicide prevention and treatment.
Adolescent↗
[Risk factors for suicide attempts in elderly and old elderly patients].
The aim of the study was to assess the phenomenon of suicide attempt in the elderly inhabitants of Kraków. Special attention has been paid to the group of "seniors"--aged 75 years or over. The authors have analyzed all the 136 cases of suicide attempts by individuals aged over 60 years, selected from the cases of suicide attempts by self-intoxications by patients hospitalized in the Department of Clinical Toxicology, CMUJ in Kraków in the years 2000-2002. The group concerned included 45 males and 91 females. A large number of subjects (over a half of the total) ranged in age from 60 to 65 years. The group of seniors comprised 35 individuals (aged 75 years or over), including 7 males and 28 females. On the basis of the data from medical documentation, the subjects were analysed from the point of view of their health condition and in the psycho-social context. In the majority of cases the subjects are pensioners residing in Kraków, often living alone. In the case of 98% of the subjects, it was their first suicide attempt. Pharmaceuticals used for self-poisoning were most frequently psychotropic, or mixed-type drugs. The assessment of the severity of poisoning indicates that in about 20% patients poisoning was severe. 70% of the subjects suffered from depressive, reactive, or situational disorders, affective depression or organic brain disorders, often with dementive signs. A significant number of subjects suffered from hypertension, coronary artery disease, arteriosclerosis, or alimentary tract diseases. In the group of the seniors, the most conspicuous problems included serious somatic diseases (malignant diseases and chronic respiratory system diseases), depression, organic dementia, loneliness, and bad family situation. Taking into consideration the scantiness of research into attempted and completed suicide in the elderly and in the old elderly, the present authors stress the importance of the continuation of the research to prevent suicide in the aforesaid age group.
Age Distribution↗
[Suicide attempts by self-poisoning among the elderly].
The aim of the study was to present suicidological problems in the elderly. The investigation assessed patients treated for self-intoxication in the Department of Toxicology of Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University in Cracow. Medical documentation of the entire population of subjects aged over 65 and hospitalized in the years 1999-2001 was examined from the point of view of demographic and clinical factors. The examined population consisted of 68 subjects including 20 males and 48 females ranging in age from 65 to 90 years (mean age = 72.6). The majority of subjects were retired and, in many cases, lived alone. The majority of female subjects were widows living in Kraków or in small towns or villages around Kraków. A significant number of subjects had been undergoing psychiatric treatment or even repeated hospitalization prior to the suicide attempt. A significant percentage had suffered from severe somatic diseases. For 55 of the subjects (79.7%), it was the first suicide attempt, and for 14 subjects (20.3%)--a repeated one. The drugs most frequently used in the attempts were psychotropic, cardiological and mixed-type drugs. The assessment included the state of consciousness and the degree of intoxication on the subjects' admission to hospital. The mean duration of hospitalization was 13.7 days. The most frequently determined somatic diseases were hypertension (33.3%) and coronary artery decease (30.4%), atherosclerosis (15.9%) and diabetes (10.1%). In the process of a complex diagnostic and therapeutic procedure, the mental state of the patients was assessed. Depressive disorders (reactive) and endogenic depression (affective) were recognized in 51 subjects (73.9%). Organic brain disorders, often with dementive signs, were detected in 44 subjects. Schizophrenia was recognized in only a small percentage of subjects (5.8%). The description of the data indicate a close connection between depression and social factors in the case of the elderly. Therefore, an adequate treatment of depression should be give priority in programs for preventing suicide among the elderly.
Aged↗
[Completed suicide and depression in the elderly].
The aim of the study was to present problems of completed suicide and depression in the elderly. Postmortem examinations were conducted in the Institute of Forensic Medicine of the Jagiellonian University. The analysis included cases of completed suicide in adults, from which all the cases of individuals aged over 65 who in the years 1998, 1999, and 2000 committed suicide within the area of Kraków the City were selected for the present study. The examined group consisted of 92 individuals ranging in age from 65 to 89 years, including 34 females and 58 males. The mean age was 72.5 for the entire group. 44.5% of the subjects had resided in a big city (Kraków); the remainder of the group had resided in villages and towns around Kraków. 57.6% of the subjects committed suicide by hanging, 16.3%--by falling from a height, and 13%--by drowning. In the majority of cases (77.2%), the suicide was committed at home. In 17 cases (18.5%), the post mortem revealed the presence of alcohol. As regards somatic diseases in the examined population, the data from the anamnesis (often incomplete) indicate frequent occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. 43.5% of the subjects, who committed suicide, had been treated for mental disorders, mainly for depression, organic brain disorders, and alcohol addiction. 17 of the subjects (18.5%) had previously attempted to commit suicide. The above results indicate that a typical representative of the elderly committing suicide is a septuagenarian residing in the country or in a small town, and most typically committing suicide by hanging at home. The attention must be paid to the high number of mental disorders, especially depression, detected among both male and female subjects. The close relation between suicide and depression in the elderly is an important guideline on suicide prevention programs and therapy of psychogeriatric patients.
Aged↗
[The completed and attempted suicide in Krakow: similarities and differences].
The study presents the results of the interdisciplinary research conducted on the basis of cooperation between the Institute of Forensic Medicine, the Department of Clinical Toxicology, and the Clinic of Psychiatry in Kraków. The aim of the research was to determine similarities and differences between attempted and completed suicide from the point of view of socio-demographic and clinical traits. The authors analysed 220 cases of completed suicide committed in Kraków and its environs in the year 2000. The material presented in the study was based on the archive data from post mortem examinations conducted in the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Kraków. The sample consisted of 177 males and 43 females ranging in age from 13 to 89 years. The mean age was 43.6 years for the entire group, 42 years for males and 50 years for females. The majority of subjects were males, either unemployed, or pensioners. A similar tendency was observed in the group of female subjects. Mental disorders and alcoholic addiction in anamnesis were discovered in a significant number of cases, both in the group of males and in the group of females. Subjects, in whom serious somatic diseases had been detected, constituted a separate group of cases. According to the archive data, in the last century, suicide was most frequently committed by hanging. Similarly, in the sample examined, in 133 cases, suicide was committed by hanging. In 37% of cases, the level of alcohol in the suicides' blood was between 0.5 and 3 or more g/L. In 2000/2001, within the analogical period of 12 months, the group of 200 patients after a suicide attempt by drug intoxication was examined in the Department of Clinical of Toxicology Jagiellonian University College of Medicine. This group included 49 males and 150 females, ranging in age from 18 to 79 years (mean age 35). The examination was conducted by means of structured investigation and medical documentation. Contrary to completed suicide, in the group of suicide attempters, females outnumbered males. Young people under thirty, living in a large city, possessing elementary or secondary education, and either unemployed, or pensioners, constituted the majority of the examined group. A significant percentage of females was divorced and lived with their children only. The majority of the examined population of suicide attempters had used alcohol during the attempt, had suffered from depression, personality or behavioural disorders, had undergone psychiatric treatment, or had had cases of suicide among their friends or relatives.
Adolescent↗
[Postpartum depression].
This paper is a literature review of current knowledge about postpartum depression. It presents the course and clinical picture of this disorder with regard of possible complications. The stress was laid on early and efficient diagnosis and differentiation. The general rules of prophylaxis and treatment were also described. The authors also presented new hypothesis concerning biological basis of postpartum depression. The article should be useful not only for psychiatrists, but also for physicians of other specializations with special regard of obstetricians, paediatrists and general practitioners.
Depression, Postpartum↗
Azinyl sulfides. LXVII. 1-methylpyridine-4(1H)-thione.
The title compound, C6H7NS, is planar, with endo-C-N-C bond angles of 118.7 (2) degrees and 118.8 (2) degrees, and C-S bond lengths of 1.697 (2) and 1.692 (2) A for the two symmetrically independent molecules. 1-methylpyridinium-4-thiolate is the major contributor to the molecular structure in the solid state.
Antineoplastic Agents↗
Serum trace elements in animal models and human depression: Part III. Magnesium. Relationship with copper.
In the present study we report the results of investigations into the serum magnesium levels in a clinical study of 19 patients with unipolar depression; 16 normal controls and in three animal models of depression: chronic severe stress (CSS), chronic mild stress (CMS) and olfactory bulbectomy (OB) in rats. There was no alteration in the values found in the rat models of depression. Unipolar depressed patients exhibit significantly lower serum magnesium levels than the appropriate controls (depression 19.1+/-2.2 mg/l; control 21.0 mg/l). There is no correlation between serum magnesium levels and the severity of depression. A significant positive correlation between serum magnesium/copper ratio and the severity of depression indicates a clear relationship between alterations of the homeostasis of these two ions in human depression. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Journal Article↗
[Severe depression with psychotic symptoms, diagnosed in the final stage of treatment of acute bi-phenotype leukemia].
The psychologic characteristics of a patient treated of acute leukemia in the ward of bone-marrow transplantation at the Haematology Clinic of CM UJ in Cracow, have been presented. During chemotherapy, proceeding the bone marrow transplant, the patient developed an acute depressive episode with psychotic symptoms. Following the transplantation and discharge from the Haematology Clinic, due to the insufficiency of out-patient treatment and a marked increase of psychotic depression symptoms, the patient was hospitalised at the Depression-Treatment Ward of the Psychiatric Clinic of CM UJ in Cracow. Changes of intensity and character of the psychiatric disorder in the following stages of haematologic and psychiatric intervention are presented. Adaptive strategies considering the important theoretical models according to the authors in connection to the general problem of depressive disorders accompanying neoplasmatic disorders have been described.
Acute Disease↗
[Personality traits in patients with unipolar and bipolar disorder].
AIM: To compare the personality traits as described by H. Eysenck in persons with unipolar and bipolar disorder and healthy persons. METHOD: 60 patients with a diagnosis of uni- and bipolar disorder were studied with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R). RESULTS: It was noted that there are significant differences amongst the groups in their neuroticism and extraversion but no differences were noted in the domain of psychoticism. Patients diagnosed as having unipolar disorder have a significantly higher level of neuroticism and a lower level of extraversion than those having bipolar disorder. These domains also differentiate the affective disorder patients from healthy individuals. CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge about the individual characteristic personality traits of patients with affective uni- and bipolar disorder can be important for the diagnostic and therapeutic processes in these disorders, therefore further study on these characteristics is necessary.
Adult↗
Effect of joint administration of imipramine and amantadine on binding of [3H]7-OH-DPAT to dopamine D3 receptors in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the patients with drug-resistant unipolar depression.
Treatment of the patients suffering from therapy-resistant unipolar depression with joint administration of imipramine (twice daily, 100-150 mg/day) and amantadine (twice daily, 150 mg/day) for four to six weeks resulted in the significant increase in the binding of [3H]7-OH-DPAT to dopamine D3 receptors in the peripheral blood lymphocytes. This effect correlated well with the clinical improvement, estimated with Hamilton's Depression Rating Scale. In the light of the above data, it seems justified to postulate that joint therapy with imipramine and amantadine may be successful in the treatment-resistant unipolar depression.
Adult↗
[Depressive disorders in leukemia].
In this paper we review previous research, suggesting a link between depressive symptoms and poor prognosis in cancer patients. The possibility, to identify an association between depressed mood and poorer outcomes and survival in haematological malignancies seems to be very interesting. We shortly describe acute leukemia, actual methods of treatment, and review important factors influencing on mood disturbances and psychosocial difficulties of haematological patients during diagnosis, chemotherapy and after bone marrow transplantation.
Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
[Assessment of stressful life events and sense of coherence in patients with unipolar and bipolar disorder].
AIM: Comparison of stressful life events assessment and level of sense of coherence in patients with unipolar and bipolar affective disorder and healthy subjects. METHOD: 60 patients with unipolar and bipolar disorder and 30 healthy subjects were examined with the Stressful Life Events Questionnaire R. H. Rahe'a and Sense of Coherence Questionnaire. RESULTS: It has been proved that between examined groups exist sufficient differences in the assessment of stressful life events and level of sense of coherence. Besides that it has been observed that patients with affective disorder do not differ in number of named stressful life events. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge about the individual characteristics concerning cognitive assessment of stressful life events made by the patients with unipolar and bipolar disorder and their level of sense of coherence can play an important role in diagnostic and therapeutic process, so this kind of knowledge ought to be broadened by new research.
Adult↗
Effect of zinc supplementation on antidepressant therapy in unipolar depression: a preliminary placebo-controlled study.
A growing body of evidence implicates a derangement of zinc homeostasis in mood disorders. In general, unipolar depression is connected with low blood zinc levels that are increased by effective antidepressant therapy. A placebo-controlled, double blind pilot study of zinc supplementation in antidepressant therapy was conducted in patients who fulfilled DSM IV criteria for major (unipolar) depression. Patients received zinc supplementation (6 patients; 25 mg of Zn2+ once daily) or placebo (8 patients) and were treated with standard antidepressant therapy (tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors). Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used to assess efficacy of antidepressant therapy, and patients' status was evaluated before the treatment and 2, 6 and 12 weeks after its commencement. Antidepressant treatment significantly reduced HDRS scores by the 2nd week of treatment in both groups, and lowered BDI scores at the 6th week in zinc-treated group. Zinc supplementation significantly reduced scores in both measures after 6- and 12-week supplementation when compared with placebo treatment. This preliminary study is the first demonstration of the benefit of zinc supplementation in antidepressant therapy. The mechanism(s) may be related to modulation of glutamatergic or immune systems by zinc ion.
Adult↗
[Male and female suicides in the material of Department of Forensic Medicine in Krakow--comparative analysis].
The study presents the results of research into completed suicide obtained by cooperation between the Department of Forensic Medicine and the University Psychiatry Department in Kraków. The aim of the research is to determine similarities and differences among the cases of completed suicide depending on the sex of the subjects. The authors analyzed cases of completed suicide committed in Kraków and its environs in the years 1991-2000. The groups of females and males have been compared from the point of view of medical-forensic and psychosocial aspects. The authors also present a sketch of the bibliography regarding the topic, and the comparison between the results of the present study and the results of earlier studies from Kraków environs on the phenomenon of suicide.
Adolescent↗
[Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors--current knowledge].
This article is a review of the current state of knowledge about possibilities of clinical use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in different areas of psychopharmacotherapy. The authors presented information about pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic differences between SSRI's, and described emerging clinical consequences. The paper contains data about the most common and typical side effects and possible drug interactions. The reports and information about new therapeutic proposals concerning SSRI's are also discussed.
Antidepressive Agents↗
Effects of joint administration of imipramine and amantadine in patients with drug-resistant unipolar depression.
The paper describes the effect of amantadine (AMA) supplementation on imipramine (IMI) therapy in patients (with treatment-resistant unipolar depression) who fulfilled DSM IV criteria for major depression. Twelve patients were enrolled to the study on the basis of history of their illness and therapy. Following 2 weeks of washout period, the patients were treated with IMI twice daily (100-150 mg/day) for 6 weeks, and then AMA was introduced (twice daily, 100-150 mg/day) and administered jointly with IMI for further 6 weeks. Thereafter, AMA was withdrawn, and the patients were treated with IMI alone for 2 weeks. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used to assess efficacy of antidepressant therapy. IMI changed neither HDRS nor BDI score after 3 or 6 weeks of treatment when compared with washout (before treatment). AMA supplementation significantly reduced both HDRS and BDI scores after 3- or 6-week supplementation. AMA augmentation of IMI treatment was beneficial and lasted even after AMA withdrawal. Moreover, pharmacokinetic data indicate that AMA did not influence significantly the plasma concentration of the IMI and its metabolite, desipramine, in the patients during joint treatment with AMA and IMI, what suggests the lack of pharmacokinetic interaction. These results suggest that joint therapy with IMI and AMA may be successful in the treatment-resistant unipolar depression.
Adult↗