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Biomedical subjects

Ania Willman

Publications and source records attributed to Ania Willman.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Support in nursing--an evolutionary concept analysis.

BACKGROUND: This research into the concept of support was undertaken because of the recurrent use of the concept in nursing research and especially because of the vital importance of support to family carers of older persons. AIM: To inductively develop a definition of support, specifically in the context of family care of frail aged persons. METHOD: The study followed the evolutionary method of concept analysis. The study was based on data from scientific publications, encyclopaedias and dictionaries. In order to secure a representative sample, highly systematic means of sampling were used. RESULTS: Working with the data underpinning this study, it was possible to put forward a definition of support for family carers who care for a frail aged person at home. The two major dimensions, as described under attributes, were merged into the following definition: "Support entails the provision of general tangibles such as information, education, economic aid, goods and external services. They are prerequisites for facilitating the family carers' competence or capacity in care. Moreover it entails necessary qualities such as individualization, adaptability, lastingness, room for verbalizing emotions as well as an idea of reciprocal symmetrical exchange between involved parties.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

The meaning of being supportive for family caregivers as narrated by registered nurses working in palliative homecare.

The aim of this study was to illuminate the meaning of being supportive to family caregivers who care for a relative at home as narrated by registered nurses. The context used to allow for the meaning of being supportive to be illuminated was palliative home care. The study uses a phenomenological-hermeneutical method inspired by the philosophy of Ricoeur. Data consisted of narrative interviews, which were analyzed in three recurring phases: naive reading, structural analyses and interpreted whole. Twenty nurses from the hospitals in Sweden participated in the study. Two core themes were found: forming a relationship and keeping caregiving at home.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The meaning of support as narrated by family carers who care for a senior relative at home.

The authors' aim in this study is to illuminate the meaning of support as narrated by family members who care for a senior relative at home. This study originates from a context of advanced in-home palliative care in Sweden. Twenty individuals who cared for a senior relative at home participated. Narrative interviews resulted in a text, which the authors analyzed in three recurring phases, naive understanding, structural analyses, and comprehensive understanding, using a phenomenological hermeneutical method. They formulated two themes from the analysis: Experiencing a togetherness with others in caring and Sensing togetherness with oneself in caring. The meaning of support was understood here as Sensing togetherness. In the comprehensive understanding, the authors further illuminate this meaning using literature on the concepts of friendship, inner strength, and manageability through the sense of coherence theory. They provide suggestions for relevance to practice and further research.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Health risks and occupational exposure to volatile anaesthetics--a review with a systematic approach.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To provide practicing nurse anaesthetists with evidence based knowledge as to whether they are at risk handling volatile anaesthetics by answering the question: What are the health risks threatening health care personnel occupationally exposed to volatile anaesthetics? BACKGROUND: The interpretations of results from specific scientific studies vary and preliminary research results indicate that occupational exposure to volatile anaesthetics affects the health of operating room personnel. DESIGN: Review of scientific literature with a systematic approach. METHOD: The review included a systematic search in three major databases, a screening process of abstracts/articles followed by a quality assessment of the included studies. The screening process and the quality assessment were done independently by the six reviewers and followed specific protocols. RESULTS: A systematic search of The Cochrane Library, MedLine and CINAHL resulted in a screening of 413 abstracts of which 31 articles were assessed for quality, all done independently by the reviewers. Finally, the reviewers agreed upon how to interpret the results of the assessed articles. CONCLUSIONS: The 31 articles assessed covered areas such as genotoxic effects, neurobehavioural effects, immunology, and general health effects. In the scientific literature reviewed there is no evidence of occupational exposure to volatile anaesthetics either being associated with health risks or being harmless. Studies indicating a potential health risk are all investigating circumstances ignorant of modern environmental regulations and/or with no scavenging equipment. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Although no answer has been given, this review illuminates the methodological difficulties encountered in designing studies. The result of this review further stresses the need for scientific knowledge in this area and enhances the extensive use of scavenging equipment.

Anesthetics, Inhalation↗
PubMed2005

Evaluating psychiatric nurses' awareness of evidence-based nursing publications.

BACKGROUND: Research has shown that nurses lack skills to find and appraise research literature, lack time and organisational support to utilise research, and need user-friendly research material to implement evidence-based health care in practice. In Sweden, the concept of evidence-based health care has been introduced by The Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU), a concept which the nursing profession quickly adopted. This study was initiated synchronously with the publication of two reports on evidence-based nursing (EBN) in psychiatric care. AIM: To investigate the dissemination and awareness of literature on EBN among psychiatric nurses in Sweden, and more specifically whether nurses were aware of the EBN reports. METHODS: A postal questionnaire was used with a prospective pre-post design. A questionnaire was constructed and distributed to the members in The National Association of Psychiatric Nurses at two occasions--before publication of the two reports and 1 year post-publication. The questionnaire was initially circulated to 2,294 nurses. The response rate for the first distribution was 82% and for the second 72%. RESULTS: Although the results demonstrate an increase in awareness concerning the concept of EBN and access to literature between data collection, there were still many nurses who reported no access to the literature. The reported use of literature in practice was scarce; however, findings demonstrated an increase in opinion about the value of using literature in practice. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study demonstrate that the dissemination of literature in EBN, as well as EBN literature in psychiatric care, still requires considerable development to assure its use in practice. IMPLICATIONS: The diffusion and dissemination of evidence-based literature within nursing must be guided by a structured plan followed by concrete examples of its implication(s) for practice.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Performing subcutaneous injections: a literature review.

BACKGROUND: Persons using daily subcutaneous injections to administer medicine perform them in different ways and thereby increase the risk of skin complications related to the injection. It is often part of nurses' role to administer medicine and educate the patient in injection technique. Course literature in nursing education, commercial patient education pamphlets, and instructional leaflets do not give consistent advice regarding subcutaneous injection technique. AIM: The aim of this review was to identify the scientific foundation for the technical performance of subcutaneous injections. The question to be answered was: How should a subcutaneous injection be administered to achieve the right dose in the right place with minimum complications? METHOD: The review included a search in three databases, a screening process at abstract level, followed by a quality assessment of included articles. The quality assessment was done independently by two people and followed specific protocols. RESULT: A total of 38 articles were assessed for quality and covered information on dose, location, and complications of subcutaneous injection. The assessed studies are heterogeneous in design and describe different aspects of the subcutaneous injection technique. Therefore, the scientific foundation for technical performance is weak. However, several studies indicate that the amount of subcutaneous fat and appropriate needle length are of high importance for the drug to reach the target tissue. CONCLUSION: More research regarding effective subcutaneous injection technique needs to be done.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Outcomes of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate whether evidence-based clinical practice in health care improves outcomes for patients, personnel, and/or organizations. METHODS: A systematic review of studies was conducted with various quantitative and qualitative methods up to the Spring of 2002. Protocols were used in quality assessment. Data synthesis is descriptive in a narrative form. RESULTS: Of 305 assessed articles, eight studies were included. The outcomes in the included studies were related to the experiences of patients and personnel and to organization concerning changed patient care and resource utilization. Because the included studies are heterogeneous in design, focus of research area, and scientific quality, the scientific foundation for the findings is weak. There is some support that evidence-based clinical practice guidelines, when put to use, improve outcomes (i) for patients--less likelihood of showing worsening of skin condition and disruption of skin condition improves more rapidly for infants; (ii) for personnel--support in daily work situation; and (iii) for organizations--decreased admission rates and length of stay, less resource utilization and reduced costs. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for further research as the findings are based on a rather limited number of studies. There is a tendency toward support for the idea that outcomes improve for patients, personnel, or organizations if clinical practice in health care is evidence-based, that is, if evidence-based clinical practice guidelines are used, although these findings could be specific to the settings and context of the studies reported in this systematic review.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2004

Epidural analgesia for pain relief in labour and childbirth - a review with a systematic approach.

BACKGROUND: Clinical ambiguity concerning effects of epidural analgesia for pain relief in labour seems to reflect a need for evidence-based knowledge for midwives. AIMS: This study aimed to review, with a systematic approach, the literature about effects and risks associated with the use of epidural analgesia for pain relief in labour and childbirth. DESIGN: A structured question was formulated and used for deriving search terms, establishing the inclusion of certain criteria and retrieving articles, i.e. what are the effects of epidural analgesia for pain relief in labour and childbirth? References were obtained through searches using MeSH-terms in Medline and Subheadings (SH) in CINAHL (e.g. Obstetrical Analgesia combined either with psychology or adverse effects and together with, Dystocia, Caesarean Section, Infant Newborn and Breastfeeding). The articles were divided into prospective randomized trials (C), non-randomized prospective studies (P) and retrospective studies (R). Scientific quality of the studies was assessed on a three-grade scale: high scientific quality (I), moderate scientific quality (II) or low scientific quality (III). RESULTS: Twenty-four articles were retrieved and systematically assessed. Seven studies were judged as high quality, 15 as moderate quality and two as low quality. The majority of studies appraised in this review failed to obtain or establish a cause and effect relationship. According to the data, it seems clear that the use of epidural analgesia is considered to be an effective method of pain relief during labour and childbirth from the perspective of women giving birth. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Midwives and doctors can recommend this form of pain relief. However, information about possible associations with adverse effects in mothers and infants must be provided to expectant couples.

Analgesia, Epidural↗
PubMed2004

Support for family carers who care for an elderly person at home - a systematic literature review.

Family carers are a major source of help and assistance to the persons they provide care for. They are also major contributors to the welfare system, balancing the national health care expenditure. Increasing attention, in research as well as government policy, is being paid to their role as informal caregivers. Support to family carers seems to be a new 'buzzword' in Swedish Government policy. However, supporting family carers may prove to be a more complex endeavour than one initially might be led to believe. Support could here be understood as any services, assistances, education, information, attitudes, and lay or professional person's provision for the benefit of the family carer. The aim of this systematic review was to identify modes of, and scientific evidence on, support for family carers of cohabiting elderly persons. The method followed a seven-step model: a focused research question was formulated creating a base for deriving search words and inclusion and exclusion criteria for studies. Systematic database searches identified several studies some of which were retrieved, critically appraised and classified by two independent reviewers. A total of 26 articles were finally included, revealing that family carers fear social isolation and wish to network in groups with peers, either for social or for learning needs purposes. Family carers also desire respite care. However, it is unclear whether they actually benefit from any of the above or how service provision should be attempted.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

A research-based didactic model for education to promote culturally competent nursing care in Sweden.

As Sweden changes toward a multicultural society, scientific knowledge of transcultural nursing care becomes increasingly important. Earlier studies in Swedish nursing education have demonstrated a lack of knowledge base in transcultural nursing. Through an extensive review of the literature, a didactic model was developed to help facilitate the establishment of this body of knowledge in transcultural nursing. The article demonstrates how the model applies the content and structure of Leininger's theory of culture care diversity and universality and ethnonursing method in a 3-year nursing program in theory as well as clinical education. The model includes a written guide for faculty members, with references to scientific articles and documents to be used.

Cultural Diversity↗
PubMed2002

Yes, no, or perhaps: reflections on Swedish human science nursing research development.

This article attempts to describe and analyze whether Swedish nursing research development belongs in a human science perspective. Traditionally, nursing in Sweden has been taught and practiced as a medical science, however another worldview seems to characterize Swedish nursing research today. This trend was identified through a study of the latest Swedish theoretical developments, in comparison with different international standpoints and views on the human science perspective. The conclusion is that Swedish nursing research is developing toward, and perhaps belongs in, a human science nursing perspective.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The recovery process in major depression: an analysis employing Meleis' transition framework for deeper understanding as a foundation for nursing interventions.

The number of persons with mental illness is increasing globally; despite this fact, nursing research on research-based interventions to prevent or minimize illness and increase quality of life is sparse. The purpose of this secondary analysis of men and women recovering from major depression (N = 25) was to gain a deeper understanding of the concept of transition in the recovery process associated with major depression as well as to develop and suggest nursing interventions that support the recovery process. The transition framework was useful, as it was describing the transition process as fluid, going back and forth, which was confirmed by the respondents' statements. Transition planning is a feasible way of supporting both the recovery process and health promotion, thus laying the foundations for a good quality of life.

Activities of Daily Living↗