Biomedical subjects

Anjum Khawar

Publications and source records attributed to Anjum Khawar.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Management of parapharyngeal space tumours.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of clinical features, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and computed tomography (CT) scan in diagnosing parapharyngeal space (PPS) tumours and treatment options. DESIGN: A descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: From July 2000 to July 2002 at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients diagnosed as having PPS tumours were studied. The medical record of patients was reviewed for their age, gender, clinical features, investigations (FNAC and CT scan) and treatment. The mean age, percentage of different clinical features and the sensitivity and specificity of FNAC was determined. RESULTS: The mean age of patients presenting with PPS tumours was 33.6 years. The most common clinical features were neck mass (93%) and bulge in lateral pharyngeal wall (80%). The CT scan showed exact location and extent of tumour in 11 out of 15 cases. The sensitivity and specificity of FNAC was 70% and 85% respectively. The most common tumours were neurogenic tumours (6) and salivary gland tumours (4). Surgery was performed in all except 2 patients with lymphoma in whom radiation and chemotherapy was recommended. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that PPS tumours are usually benign neurogenous and salivary gland tumours presenting with neck mass and bulge in oropharynx. FNAC and CT scan are important in diagnostic work up and treatment planning. Surgery has the best results in most cases.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Association of smoking with lymph node metastasis in early stages of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship of lymph node metastasis with smoking in T1 and T2 staged squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of tongue. DESIGN: An analytical study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: ENT Department of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, from 1st January 2001 to 31st December 2002. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 60 patients of T1 and T2 of SCC of oral tongue were selected. These patients were divided into two groups on the basis of history of smoking. Also these patients were clinically examined for lymph node metastasis and FNAC done for the confirmation of diagnosis. Odds ratio (OR) and p-value were statistically determined to asses the association between lymph node metastasis and smoking. RESULTS: The odds ratio for patients with history of smoking to develop lymph node metastasis was 1.896 but association was statistically insignificant (p = 0.24). CONCLUSION: This study indicates that although smoking increases the risk for lymph node metastasis but the association is insignificant in T1 and T2 staged SCC of tongue.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Unilateral exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy of using pre-operative imaging studies (Sesta-MIBI scan and ultrasonography) to localize the pathology and allow for unilateral neck exploration to assess its safety. DESIGN: Descriptive analytical study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Surgery/ENT, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-three patients were reviewed, who underwent operation for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in our institution between 1995 and 2002. A total of 49 enlarged parathyroid glands were removed. Patients were divided into two groups. In group-A (in which only unilateral exploration was done) there were 21 patients (42 glands). In group-B, bilateral exploration was done, which included 2 patients and 7 glands. Sesta-MIBI scan and ultrasonography were done in all cases. Results were analyzed statistically with appropriate tests of significance. RESULTS: Sesta-MIBI scan showed an accuracy of 91% (20 adenomas) whereas ultrasound was positive in 18 patients (78%). One case of adenoma and 2 cases of hyperplasia were not detected by pre-operative imaging. Unilateral exploration of neck was successful in 19 cases of adenoma. The parameters used for successful exploration were corrected serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels. Ultrasound was positive in 18 patients (78%). There was a significant difference in surgical time between the unilateral and bilateral neck explorations (45 minutes). Unilateral neck exploration for hyperparathyroidism has been successful in curing hypocalcaemia 22/23(95%). CONCLUSION: At least two pre-operative localization tests, a Sesta-MIBI scan and ultrasonography, should be done for accurate localization of an abnormal parathyroid gland especially adenoma. Selective unilateral exploration is safe and reliable if the second ipsilateral gland is normal macroscopically or microscopically.

Adenoma↗