Executive summary: nicotine addiction.
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Humans↗
Biomedical subjects
Ann I Graul
Publications and source records attributed to Ann I Graul.
Executive summary: nicotine addiction.
Nicotine addiction is one of the most prevalent addictive behaviors worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 1.3 billion men, women and children worldwide are smokers. In spite of increased awareness and action on the part of both governments and individuals, tobacco continues to be the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States, as well as in many other countries. According to WHO, there are nearly 5 million tobacco-related deaths worldwide each year and nearly half of the smokers in the world today will die as a result of their addiction. For individuals who are motivated to quit smoking, a combination of pharmacotherapy and behavioral therapy has been shown to be most effective in controlling the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal. Drugs marketed as smoking cessation aids include nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and sustained-release bupropion hydrochloride. New drugs in development are directed to targets including nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, cannabinoid receptors, dopamine receptors and opioid receptors. Several therapeutic vaccines are also in the pipeline.
Humans↗
The year's new drugs.
The United States was the most active market for new product launches (22 products, 62.5%) in a year that saw 35 new chemical entities and biological drugs and two diagnostic agents reach their first markets. The most active therapeutic groups were anti-infective, oncolytic and metabolic drugs with five launches for each.
Analgesics↗
The year's new drugs.
Inaugurated 16 years ago, this annual article provides the opportunity to present from both a historical and a research perspective those molecular entities and biologic drugs that were launched or approved in various countries for the first time during the past year. According to our records, 30 new chemical entities and biologic drugs and two diagnostic agents reached their first markets in 2003. Another six new products were approved for the first time in 2003 but were not launched before year-end. During the past year, Endocrine and Metabolic Drugs was the most active therapeutic group in terms of new launches, with six market introductions. The United States was again the most active market for new products, with a total of 20 new launches in 2003, constituting 66.6% of the total of new introductions for the year.
Pharmaceutical Preparations↗
The year's new drugs.
Twenty-three new biological drugs and diagnostic agents reached their first markets in 2004. The oncolytic drugs therapeutic group was the most active in terms of new launches, with seven market introductions, and the United States was the most active single market for new products, with a total of 10 new launches in 2004.
Animals↗
Filling the gaps: osteogenesis imperfecta.
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Adult↗
The year's new drugs.
Forty-one new biological drugs and diagnostic agents reached their first markets in 2005. Antiinfective therapy, immunomodulators and agents for immunization and central nervous system drugs were the most active therapeutic groups in terms of new chemical entities launched for the first time, with six market introductions apiece. The United States was again the most active market for new products, with a total of 21 new launches in 2005, constituting 50% of the total of new introductions for the year.
Drug Approval↗