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Anne Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to Anne Taylor.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Coronary heart disease in HIV-infected individuals.

It is currently unknown whether there is an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in patients with HIV infection. In addition, the contribution of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to CHD risk has not been quantified. We reviewed administrative claims data for HIV-infected and -uninfected individuals from the California Medicaid population and compared the incidence of and relative risk (RR) for CHD using log-linear regression analyses between groups. The association between exposure to ART and CHD incidence was also assessed. Of 3,083,209 individuals analyzed, 28,513 were HIV-infected. The incidence of CHD among young men (up to age 34) and women (up to age 44) with HIV infection was significantly higher than that among non-HIV-infected individuals. The covariate-adjusted RR for the development of CHD in individuals receiving ART compared with those not receiving ART was 2.06 (P < 0.001) in HIV-infected individuals aged 18-33 years. There were no statistically significant associations between ART exposure and CHD in other age groups. CHD incidence appears accelerated among young HIV-infected individuals. Strategies to reduce CHD risk should be incorporated into HIV primary care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Body mass index, waist hip ratio, and waist circumference: which measure to classify obesity?

OBJECTIVES: To determine the proportion of a representative population sample of adults in South Australia who have a body mass index (a measure of overall obesity) classified as normal or underweight, but who also have a waist circumference or waist hip ration (measures of central obesity) that indicates obesity. METHODS: A representative population sample of adults aged 18 years and over living in the north west region of Adelaide (n = 2523) were recruited to the study. Clinical measures of height, weight, waist and hip circumference were obtained and used to determine body mass index, waist hip ratio and waist circumference. RESULTS: Among women with a normal body mass index, 19.0% had a high waist circumference (> or = 80 cm) and 8.5% had a high waist hip ratio (> 0.85). Among males with a normal body mass index, 3.4% had a high waist circumference (> or = 95 cm) and 0.1% had a high waist hip ratio (> 1.0). CONCLUSIONS: Body mass index, waist hip ratio and waist circumference all have a role in the identification of those who are obese or overweight.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Self-reported patterns of health services utilisation: an urban-rural comparison in South Australia.

OBJECTIVE: To compare self-reported patterns of health service utilisation among residents of urban and rural South Australia. DESIGN, SETTING AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Secondary analysis of data generated by computer-assisted telephone interviews of 7377 adults done in 1995-6. Respondents were asked if they had used each of 18 different health services during the previous 12 months. Residence was classified in three ways: (1) capital city versus rest of the state, (2) by the Rural, Remote and Metropolitan Areas classification (RRMA) and (3) by the Accessibility and Remoteness Index for Australia classification (ARIA). RESULTS: General practitioner services were most frequently used, by approximately 89% of respondents. Only 4% reported not using any service. Comparing capital city with rest of the state, modest but statistically significant differences in utilisation (P < 0.01) were measured for nine services. In eight of these nine, utilisation was higher among rural residents. Analysing by RRMA, eight services were reportedly used differently and seven of these were the same as those identified from the capital city versus rest of state comparison. Across the five ARIA categories, six previously identified services were reported as being used differentially. Overall, rural residents had a higher than expected rate of moderate and high level of health service use. CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported use of a range of health services was broadly similar across urban and rural South Australia, with most cases of higher use were reported from rural areas rather than urban areas. Similar results were obtained when residence was classified in the three different ways.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

A phase I study of the GM-CSF antagonist E21R.

PURPOSE: E21R is a competitive inhibitor of GM-CSF. This is the initial clinical study to investigate the safety, toxicity and pharmacokinetics of escalating doses of E21R. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Cohorts of three patients received doses of 10, 30, 100, 300, 600 and 1000 micro g/kg per day given subcutaneously daily for 10 days. Eligible patients had solid tumours known to express GM-CSF receptors (breast, prostate, colon and lung cancer, and melanoma). No bone marrow involvement or concomitant steroids were permitted. A total of 22 patients received doses ranging from 10 to 1000 micro g/kg per day. There were 18 males and 4 females with a median age of 60 years (range 33 to 81 years). Eight patients had an ECOG performance status of 0, seven a performance status of 1, and seven a performance status of 2. There were ten patients with colon cancer, four with prostate cancer, three with lung cancer, three with melanoma and two with breast cancer. RESULTS: E21R was in general well tolerated and the maximum tolerated dose was not reached. The most severe toxicities were WHO grade 3 injection site erythema in one patient and grade 2 in two patients, grade 2 lethargy in three patients and grade 2 muscle aches and soreness, grade 2 joint pains and grade 2 thirst in one patient each. The primary pharmacokinetic parameters were dose-independent. Dose-dependent transient eosinophilia was noted from day 3. A fall in PSA levels was recorded in two patients with prostate cancer during their initial cycles of E21R, but they subsequently rose again. Serum from patients treated at 600 and 1000 micro g/kg per day antagonized GM-CSF-mediated TF-1 cell proliferation in vitro. CONCLUSION: E21R can be safely given at doses up to 1000 micro g/kg per day.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

A phase I pharmacokinetic and translational study of the novel vascular targeting agent combretastatin a-4 phosphate on a single-dose intravenous schedule in patients with advanced cancer.

Combretastatin A-4 phosphate (CA4P) is a novel antitumor vascular targeting agent, the first agent of this class of compounds to enter the clinic. We performed a Phase I trial to determine the maximum-tolerated dose, safety, and pharmacokinetic profile of CA4P on a single-dose i.v. schedule. We also obtained preliminary data on its effect on tumor blood flow using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) techniques and cell adhesion molecules at the higher-dose levels. Twenty-five assessable patients with advanced cancer received a total of 107 cycles over the following dose escalation schema: 18, 36, 60, 90 mg/m(2) as a 10-min infusion and 60 mg/m(2) as a 60-min infusion at 3-week intervals. There was no significant myelotoxicity, stomatitis, or alopecia. Tumor pain was a unique side effect, which occurred in 10% of cycles, and there were four episodes of dose-limiting toxicity at dosages > or =60 mg/m(2), including two episodes of acute coronary syndrome. Pharmacokinetics revealed rapid dephosphorylation of the parent compound (CA4P) to combretastatin A4 (CA4), with a short plasma half-life (approximately 30 min). A significant (P < 0.03) decline in gradient peak tumor blood flow by DCE-MRI in six of seven patients treated at 60 mg/m(2) was observed. A patient with anaplastic thyroid cancer had a complete response and is alive 30 months after treatment. The toxicity profile is consistent with a drug that is "vascularly active" and devoid of traditional "cytotoxic" side effects. Dosages < or =60 mg/m(2) as a 10-min infusion define the upper boundary of the maximum-tolerated dose.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The clinical significance of cerebrospinal fluid levels of kynurenine pathway metabolites and lactate in severe malaria.

A retrospective study of 261 Vietnamese adults with severe malaria was conducted to determine the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of metabolites of the kynurenine pathway, the incidence of neurologic complications, and the disease outcome. Three metabolites were measured: the excitotoxin quinolinic acid (QA); the protective receptor antagonist kynurenic acid (KA); and the proinflammatory mediator picolinic acid (PA). These measurements were related prospectively to CSF lactate levels. QA and PA levels were elevated, compared with those of controls. There was no difference in the levels of KA between these groups. Although >40% of malaria patients had QA CSF concentrations in the micromolar range, there was no association with convulsions or depth of coma. Levels of QA and PA were associated significantly with death, but a multivariate analysis suggested that these elevations were a consequence of impaired renal function. CSF lactate remained an independent and significant predictor of poor outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Prevalence of influenza immunisation in Australia and suggestions for future targeting of campaigns.

OBJECTIVES: Reports on the results of a national survey conducted in Australia, in 2000. The objectives were to determine national estimates of influenza vaccination coverage for each state and territory of Australia, to obtain information related to attitudes towards and influences on immunisation decisions and explain the factors involved with failure to immunise. METHOD: The survey was conducted using the Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI) system. The overall participation rate for the survey was 88.6% and the final number of completed interviews across Australia was n = 10,505. RESULTS: Two target groups, those aged 65 years and over and those "at risk" of influenza aged between 40 and 64 years were defined. The overall immunisation rates in these two groups were 74% and 32% resp. The rate of immunisation among females generally exceeded that of males. A multivariate model provided the best joint set of explanatory variables for not getting immunised. These include sex, income, general practitioner recommendation, and general perceptions regarding the influenza injection. CONCLUSION: This study identified important issues in the decisions of people to immunise. It also highlighted the need to target the findings in effective immunisation policies and strategies to improve health outcomes for those at risk of adverse influenza events.

Adult↗
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