Biomedical subjects

Anton Sculean

Publications and source records attributed to Anton Sculean.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed2003

In vivo effects of an Er:YAG laser, an ultrasonic system and scaling and root planing on the biocompatibility of periodontally diseased root surfaces in cultures of human PDL fibroblasts.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vivo effects of an Er:YAG laser (ERL), an ultrasonic system and scaling and root planing (SRP) on the biocompatibility of periodontally diseased root surfaces in cultures of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDL). STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty single rooted teeth, considered for extraction due to severe periodontal destruction, have been randomly assigned to the following groups: (1) ERL at 160 mJ/pulse and 10 Hz, or (2) Vector ultrasonic system (VUS), or (3) SRP using hand instruments, or (4) untreated control (C). Immediately after instrumentation, all test and control teeth were extracted and root specimens (4 mm2) were prepared from all mesial and distal surfaces (n=80). Following the prescribed treatments, the root specimens were incubated with human PDL fibroblast cultures. Adherent cells were stained with methylene blue and counted using a reflected light microscope and the cell density per mm2 was calculated. Additionally, the cell morphology was investigated using SEM (n=8 teeth). RESULTS: Cell counts within each group yielded the following means and standard deviations (cells/mm2): ERL, 111+/-27; VUS, 75+/-25; SRP, 41+/-17; control, 25+/-11. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences in the number of attached cells between the test and control groups (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.01, respectively). ERL and VUS treated specimens showed significantly higher numbers of cells/mm2 than the SRP group (P<0.001, respectively). The difference between the ERL and VUS group was statistically significant (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study indicate that (i) ERL, VUS, and SRP promote the attachment of PDL fibroblasts on previously diseased root surfaces, (ii) periodontally diseased root surfaces inhibit the adherence of PDL fibroblasts, and (iii) the surface structure of ERL and VUS instrumented roots seem to offer better conditions for the adherence of PDL fibroblasts than SRP.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Clinical evaluation of the Er:YAG laser in combination with an enamel matrix protein derivative for the treatment of intrabony periodontal defects: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to compare the combination therapy of deep intrabony periodontal defects using an Er:YAG laser (ERL) and enamel matrix protein derivative (EMD) to scaling and root planing+ ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)+EMD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-two patients with chronic periodontitis, each of whom displayed 1 intrabony defect, were randomly treated with access flap surgery and defect debridement with an Er:YAG (160 mJ/pulse, 10 Hz) plus EMD (test) or with access flap surgery followed by scaling and root planing (SRP) with hand instruments plus EDTA and EMD (control). The following clinical parameters were recorded at baseline and at 6 months: plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), gingival recession, and clinical attachment level (CAL). No differences in any of the investigated parameters were observed at baseline between the two groups. RESULTS: Healing was uneventful in all patients. At 6 months after therapy, the sites treated with ERL and EMD showed a reduction in mean PD from 8.6 +/- 1.2 mm to 4.6 +/- 0.8 mm and a change in mean CAL from 10.7 +/- 1.3 mm to 7.5 +/- 1.4 mm (p < 0.001). In the group treated with SRP+EDTA+EMD, the mean PD was reduced from 8.1 +/- 0.8 mm to 4.0 +/- 0.5 mm and the mean CAL changed from 10.4 +/- 1.1 mm to 7.1 +/- 1.2 mm (p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences in any of the investigated parameters were observed between the test and control group. CONCLUSION: Within the limits of the present study, it may be concluded that both therapies led to short-term improvements of the investigated clinical parameters, and the combination of ERL and EMD does not seem to improve the clinical outcome of the therapy additionally compared to SRP+EDTA+EMD.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗

PubMed2003

Healing of intrabony defects following treatment with a bovine-derived xenograft and collagen membrane. A controlled clinical study.

AIM: : The purpose of the present study was to compare clinically the treatment of deep intrabony defects with a combination of a bovine-derived xenograft (BDX) and a bioresorbable collagen membrane to access flap surgery. METHODS: : Twenty-eight patients suffering from chronic periodontitis, and each of whom displayed one intrabony defect, were randomly treated with BDX + collagen membrane (test) or with access flap surgery (control). Soft tissue measurements were made at baseline and at 1 year following therapy. RESULTS: : No differences in any of the investigated parameters were observed at baseline between the two groups. Healing was uneventful in all patients. At 1 year after therapy, the test group showed a reduction in mean probing depth (PD) from 9.2+/-1.3 to 3.9+/-0.7 mm (p<0.001) and a change in mean clinical attachment level (CAL) from 10.2+/-1.5 to 6.2+/-0.5 mm (p<0.0001). In the control group, the mean PD was reduced from 9.0+/-1.2 to 5.2+/-1.8 mm (p<0.001) and the mean CAL changed from 10.5+/-1.5 to 8.4+/-2.1 mm (p<0.01). The test treatment resulted in statistically higher PD reductions (p<or=0.05) and CAL gains (p<0.001) than the control one. In the test group all sites (100%) gained at least 3 mm of CAL. In the control group no CAL gain occurred in four sites (29%), whereas at six sites (43%) the CAL gain was 2 mm. A CAL gain of 3 mm or more was measured in four defects (29%). CONCLUSIONS: : Within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that: (i) at 1 year after surgery both therapies resulted in significant PD reductions and CAL gains, and (ii) treatment with BDX+collagen membrane resulted in significantly higher CAL gains than treatment with access flap surgery.

Absorbable Implants↗

PubMed2003

Efficacy of an amine fluoride-triclosan mouthrinse as compared to the individual active ingredients.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the clinical study was to examine the antibacterial and plaque-reducing properties of mouthrinses containing triclosan (TRI), amine fluoride (AmF), and the combination of both (AFT) on 4-day plaque regrowth. A placebo solution (PLA) and a 0.2% chlorhexidine solution (CHX) served as negative and positive controls, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After a professional tooth cleaning (day 0), 15 volunteers refrained from all mechanical oral hygiene measures for the next 96 h and rinsed instead twice daily for 1 min with 10 ml of one of the five randomly assigned solutions. Plaque index (PlI), which was assessed after 24 and 96 h (PlI1, PlI2), and plaque area of the front teeth (PA), which was planimetrically recorded from disclosed teeth after 96 h, served as clinical parameters. After 24 and 96 h a plaque sample was taken and analyzed microbiologically to evaluate biofilm vitality (VF1, VF2). The subsequent test cycles were conducted after a washout period of 10 days each. RESULTS: No severe adverse events or allergy were seen during the study. CHX influenced all parameters at all time points in comparison to PLA. AFT and AmF showed very similar values (in all parameters), but AmF did not reach the level of significance regarding VF1, nor did AFT with VF2 and PlI1. The TRI solution only reduced PlI2 and PA significantly, but had no influence on biofilm vitality when compared to PLA. CONCLUSION: A synergism between AmF and TRI was not observed. The results suggest that the plaque-reducing and antibacterial effects of the AFT solution are mainly based on the effects of the amine fluoride moiety.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Clinical evaluation of an Er:YAG laser combined with scaling and root planing for non-surgical periodontal treatment. A controlled, prospective clinical study.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present controlled clinical trial was to compare the treatment of advanced periodontal disease with a combination of an Er:YAG laser (KEY II, KaVo, Germany) and scaling and root planing with hand instruments (SRP) to laser alone. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty healthy patients with moderate to advanced periodontal destruction were randomly treated in a split-mouth design with a combination of an Er:YAG laser and SRP (test) or with laser (control) alone. The used energy setting for laser treatment was 160 mJ/pulse at a repetition rate of 10 Hz. Prior to treatment and 3, 6 and 12 months later the following parameters were evaluated by a blinded examiner: Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Subgingival plaque samples were taken at each appointment and analysed using darkfield microscopy for the presence of cocci,-non-motile rods, motile rods and spirochetes. No statistical significant differences in any of the investigated parameters between both groups were observed at baseline. RESULTS: Initially, the plaque index was 1.0 +/- 0.6 in both groups. At the 3-month examination the plaque scores were markedly reduced and remained low throughout the study. A significant reduction of the GI and BOP occurred in both groups after 3, 6 and 12 months (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, respectively). The mean PD decreased in the test group from 5.2 +/- 0.8 mm at baseline to 3.2 +/- 0.8 mm after 12 months (P < 0.05) and in the control group from 5.0 +/- 0.7 mm at baseline to 3.3 +/- 0.7 mm after 12 months (P < 0.05). The mean CAL decreased in the test group from 6.9 +/- 1.0 mm at baseline to 5.3 +/- 1.0 mm after 12 months (P < 0.05) and in the control group from 6.6 +/- 1.1 mm at baseline to 5.0 +/- 0.7 after 12 months (P < 0.05). Both groups showed a significant increase of cocci and-non-motile rods and a decrease in the amount of motile rods and spirochetes. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the present results have indicated that: (i) non-surgical periodontal therapy with both an Er:YAG laser + SRP and an Er:YAG laser alone may lead to significant improvements in all clinical parameters investigated, and (ii) the combined treatment Er:YAG laser + SRP did not seem to additionally improve the outcome of the therapy compared to Er:YAG laser alone.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Effects of an Er:YAG laser and the Vector ultrasonic system on the biocompatibility of titanium implants in cultures of human osteoblast-like cells.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of an Er:YAG laser (ERL) and the Vector ultrasonic system (VS) on the biocompatibility of titanium implants in cultures of human osteoblast-like cells (SAOS-2). One hundred and sixty-eight titanium discs with four different surfaces (sand-blasted and acid-etched, titanium plasma-sprayed, machine-polished, and hydroxyapatite-coated) were used to evaluate cell attachment. The samples were equally and randomly assigned to the following groups: (1) an ERL at an energy level of 100 mJ/pulse and 10 Hz using a special application tip, (2) the VS using carbon fibre tips, or (3) untreated control (C). The discs were placed in culture plates, covered with a solution of SAOS-2 cells, and incubated for 7 days. The specimens were then washed with phosphate buffer to remove cells not attached to the surface, and the adherent cells were stained with hematoxilin-eosin. Cells were counted using a reflected light microscope and the cell density per mm2 was calculated. Additionally, cell morphology and surface alterations of the titanium discs after treatment were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All titanium discs treated with ERL demonstrated nearly the same cell density per mm2 as the untreated C surfaces. There was a significant decrease in the number of cells that attached to the implant surfaces treated with VS. The SEM examination showed no visible differences between lased and C titanium surfaces. All surfaces treated with VS showed conspicuous surface damage and debris of the used carbon fibres. The results of the present study indicate that (i) ERL does not damage titanium surfaces and subsequently does not influence the attachment rate of SAOS-2 cells, and (ii) VS, used with this type of carbon fibre tip, does not seem to be suitable for the instrumentation of titanium surfaces.

Biocompatible Materials↗

PubMed2003

Histologic evaluation of human intrabony defects following non-surgical periodontal therapy with and without application of an enamel matrix protein derivative.

BACKGROUND: Surgical periodontal treatment with enamel matrix protein derivative (EMD) has been shown to promote periodontal regeneration. However, it is not known whether nonsurgical periodontal therapy with additional subgingival application of EMD may also enhance periodontal regeneration. The purpose of this study was to clinically and histologically evaluate healing of human intrabony defects following non-surgical periodontal treatment with and without application of EMD. METHODS: Sixteen patients, each of whom displayed one advanced intrabony defect around teeth or roots scheduled for extraction, were included in the study. The defects were treated as follows: 1) scaling and root planing with hand instruments and application of EMD; 2) scaling with an ultrasonic instrument and application of EMD; or 3) scaling with an ultrasonic instrument alone. Healing was uneventful in all cases. Six months after surgery, the teeth or roots were extracted together with some of their surrounding soft and hard tissues and processed for histologic evaluation. RESULTS: Clinical examination revealed a probing depth reduction and a gain of clinical attachment after all 3 treatment modalities. The histological evaluation, however, revealed that healing in all 3 procedures was predominantly characterized by formation of a long junctional epithelium along the instrumented root surface and no predictable regeneration of attachment apparatus. CONCLUSION: Within its limits, the present study failed to show periodontal regeneration in advanced human intrabony defects following non-surgical treatment with subgingival application of EMD.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗

PubMed2003

Periodontal treatment with an Er:YAG laser or scaling and root planing. A 2-year follow-up split-mouth study.

BACKGROUND: Non-surgical periodontal treatment with an Er:YAG laser has been shown to result in significant clinical attachment level gain; however, clinical results have not been established on a long-term basis following Er:YAG laser treatment. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to present the 2-year results following non-surgical periodontal treatment with an Er:YAG laser or scaling and root planing. METHODS: Twenty patients with moderate to advanced periodontal destruction were treated under local anesthesia, and the quadrants were randomly allocated in a split-mouth design to either 1) Er:YAG laser (ERL) using an energy level of 160 mJ/pulse and 10 Hz, or 2) scaling and root planing (SRP) using hand instruments. The following clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline and at 1 and 2 years after treatment: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Subgingival plaque samples were taken at each appointment and analyzed using dark-field microscopy for the presence of cocci, non-motile rods, motile rods, and spirochetes. The primary outcome variable was CAL. No statistically significant differences between the groups were found at baseline. Power analysis to determine superiority of ERL treatment showed that the available sample size would yield 99% power to detect a 1 mm difference. RESULTS: The sites treated with ERL demonstrated mean CAL change from 6.3 +/- 1.1 mm to 4.5 +/- 0.4 mm (P < 0.001) and to 4.9 +/- 0.4 mm (P < 0.001) at 1 and 2 years, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between the CAL mean at 1 and 2 years postoperatively. The sites treated with SRP showed a mean CAL change from 6.5 +/- 1.0 mm to 5.6 +/- 0.4 mm (P < 0.001) and to 5.8 +/- 0.4 mm (P < 0.001) at 1 and 2 years, respectively. The CAL change between 1 and 2 years did not present statistically significant differences. Both groups showed a significant increase of cocci and non-motile rods and a decrease in the amount of spirochetes. However, at the 1- and 2-year examination, the statistical analysis showed a significant difference for the CAL (P < 0.001, respectively) between the 2 treatment groups. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the CAL gain obtained following non-surgical periodontal treatment with ERL or SRP can be maintained over a 2-year period.

Aluminum Silicates↗

PubMed2003

Clinical and histologic evaluation of human intrabony defects treated with an enamel matrix protein derivative combined with a bovine-derived xenograft.

The purpose of the present case report study was to clinically and histologically evaluate the healing of deep intrabony defects following treatment with either a combination of an enamel matrix protein derivative (EMD) and a bovine-derived xenograft (BDX) or with BDX alone. Three female patients with generalized marginal periodontitis and presenting one advanced intrabony defect each were treated with either a combination of EMD + BDX (two defects) or with BDX alone (one defect). The postoperative healing was uneventful in all three cases. Six months after surgery, a gain of clinical attachment was measured at all treated sites. The histologic examination revealed that all three defects healed with a new connective tissue attachment (ie, new cellular cementum with inserting collagen fibers) and new bone. Most of the BDX particles were surrounded by a bone-like tissue. No direct contact between BDX particles and the root surface (cementum or dentin) was observed. Within their limits, the present data indicate that treatment with either EMD + BDX or with BDX alone may enhance the formation of new connective tissue attachment and new bone in human intrabony defects.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗

PubMed2003

[Delmopinol--an alternative to chlorhexidine?].

The prevention of caries and gingivitis is mainly based upon modalities aiming to reduce supra- and subgingival dental plaque. Certain antibacterial agents may compensate for non-adequately self-performed mechanical plaque removal. While such prophylactic agents exhibit an antibacterial effect against oral microorganisms, the new agent delmopinol possesses the property of inhibiting the adhesion of oral microorganisms to the tooth surface. In numerous studies, delmopinol showed a plaque inhibitory potential. However, due to the lower efficacy and side effects similar to those of chlorhexidine, at present, delmopinol cannot be considered as an alternative to chlorhexidine. A long-term utilization of delmopinol in addition to the regular mechanical plaque control might be possible. For the time being there is a lack of studies comparing the efficacy of delmopinol to that of other antibacterial substances such as amine fluoride/stannous fluoride, triclosan/copolymer or cetylpyridinium chloride.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗

PubMed2003

Four-year results following treatment of intrabony periodontal defects with an enamel matrix protein derivative: a report of 46 cases.

Treatment of intrabony periodontal defects with an enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has been shown to predictably enhance periodontal regeneration. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the 4-year results following treatment of intrabony defects with EMD. Thirty-three patients with a total of 46 intrabony defects were treated. Each patient exhibited at least one intrabony defect with a probing depth > or = 6 mm as identified by probing and on radiographs. The following clinical parameters were evaluated prior to and 1 and 4 years after treatment: probing depth, recession of the gingival margin, and clinical attachment level. The primary outcome variable was clinical attachment. Mean probing depth was reduced from 8.1 +/- 1.8 mm to 3.8 - +/-.2 mm at 1 year and to 4.0 +/- 1.2 mm at 4 years. No statistically significant differences were found between the mean probing depth 1 and 4 years postoperative. At 1 year, the mean recession increased from 1.9 +/- 1.5 mm to 3.2 +/- 1.8 mm; at 4 years, it was 2.8 +/- 1.2 mm, a statistically significant improvement compared to the 1-year results, but still significantly increased compared to the baseline. The mean attachment level changed from 10.0 +/- 2.4 mm to 7.0 +/- 2.1 mm at 1 year and 6.8 +/- 1.9 mm at 4 years (no statistically significant difference). The clinical improvements obtained following treatment with EMD can be maintained over a 4-year period.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

[Success rate of direct pulp capping with calcium hydroxide].

Aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the success rate of direct pulp-capping treatment using calcium hydroxide-containing agents according to the age of the patient, the type of tooth and the person who performed the treatment. Over a period of seven years a total of 659 patients were treated. 763 direct pulp-cappings were recorded. From these 308 patients a total of 359 pulp-cappings (= 100%) were reexamined one to eight years after treatment. 45.1% of the reexamined teeth were in males and 54.9% in females. 61.7% of the treated teeth were in the upper and 38.8% in the lower jaw. Out of the 359 teeth (= 100%) the success rate was 61% (219 teeth); while 113 teeth (31.4%) had received a root canal treatment and 27 (7.6%) had been extracted. In this study the success rate depended on the group of teeth. It decreased continuously from the anterior teeth to the molars. The central incisors showed the highest (83.3%) and the wisdom teeth the lowest (38.9%) success rate. In addition, the success rate decreased with increasing age of the patients. The most successful treatments (76.4%) were registered in the group of patients, aged 10-19 years.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Clinical evaluation of an enamel matrix derivative in the treatment of mandibular degree II furcation involvement: a 36-month case series.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical outcome following application of an enamel matrix derivative in degree II mandibular furcation involvements. Ten patients with chronic periodontitis, presenting a total of eight buccal and eight lingual degree II furcation involvements, were included in the study. The following clinical parameters were evaluated prior to treatment and after 6, 12, and 36 months: probing attachment level in horizontal direction in the buccal and/or lingual furcation area (PAL-H) and probing attachment level in vertical direction (PAL-V) at the center of the buccal/lingual furcation area. The postoperative healing phase was uneventful in all cases, and no complications were observed throughout the entire study period. At 6 months, the mean PAL-H of the buccal defects was reduced from 4.0 +/- 1.3 mm to 2.6 +/- 1.4 mm, and the mean PAL-V was reduced from 5.2 +/- 2.0 mm to 4.0 +/- 1.6 mm. At the lingual defects, the mean PAL-H was reduced from 3.6 +/- 1.3 mm to 3.1 +/- 1.1 mm, and the mean PAL-V was reduced from 5.6 +/- 2.0 mm to 4.3 +/- 1.8 mm. At 12 and 36 months, clinical parameters remained similar, without any further clinical improvement. These results suggest that the treatment of degree II mandibular furcation involvements with enamel matrix derivative might lead to clinical improvement. However, controlled clinical trials and histologic studies are needed to examine the clinical significance of these results and the characteristics of healing following application of enamel matrix derivative.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Antibacterial effect of an enamel matrix protein derivative on in vivo dental biofilm vitality.

The purpose of this observer-blind, randomised, five-cell crossover study was to examine the antibacterial efficacy of an enamel matrix protein derivative (EMD) on established supragingival plaque in vivo. Saline (NaCl) served as a negative control solution and chlorhexidine (CHX) as a positive one. Additionally, the propylene glycol alginate (PGA) vehicle and the 24% ethylenediaminetetra-acetate (EDTA) gel were tested. After professional oral prophylaxis, 14 volunteers refrained from all mechanical oral hygiene measures for the following 48 h to build up plaque. In randomised order, the following procedures were applied: (a) 10 ml of CHX (0.2%) or (b) 10 ml of NaCl were used as a mouthrinse for 1 min each. In the cases of (c) EMD (Emdogain), (d) PGA, or (e) 24% EDTA (PrefGel), 1 ml of each were applied with a syringe on the teeth. Two hours after application, plaque samples were taken from one upper and one lower molar, and the vitality of the biofilm microbiota was examined using the vital fluorescence technique. Biofilm vitality (VF%) was lower for EMD, PGA, and CHX by 19% ( P<0.0001), 22% ( P=0.001), and 35% ( P<0.0001), respectively, than in negative controls. The EDTA showed similar vitality values to NaCl and was therefore not able to affect the biofilm flora significantly. The EMD and PGA displayed significantly reduced biofilm vitality compared to negative controls, which, however, could not reach the effect of the positive control (0.2% CHX). The present results demonstrate for the first time a direct influence of EMD on the vitality of supragingival dental plaque in vivo.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Presence of an enamel matrix protein derivative on human teeth following periodontal surgery.

An enamel matrix protein derivative (EMD) has been successfully employed to restore fully functional periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone in patients with severe attachment loss. When applied to denuded root surfaces, EMD is believed to assemble into a matrix that locally stimulates regenerative responses in the surrounding tissues. Since wound healing and induction of regeneration are biological processes typically running from weeks to months after treatment, the EMD matrix must be present on the root surface over a biologically significant time period to be effective. So far, no studies have been done in humans on the persistence of EMD on the treated root surface. The aim of the present study was to investigate the persistence of the EMD-based matrix on periodontally involved human teeth treated surgically with EMD. Sixteen patients with one intrabony defect each around teeth scheduled for extraction due to advanced periodontitis were treated by means of access flap surgery with and without application of EMD. At 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks postsurgery, the teeth were removed and processed for histology and immunohistochemistry. The slides were stained using a rabbit anti-enamel-matrix-derivative (anti-EMD) antibody and goat-antirabbit secondary antibodies labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Immunohistochemical evaluation demonstrated the presence of EMD on all test root surfaces during the entire observation period of 4 weeks. No EMD was detected on any of the control roots. The results demonstrate for the first time in humans that EMD is present on treated root surfaces for up to 4 weeks following periodontal surgery.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Immunohistochemical evaluation of matrix molecules associated with wound healing following regenerative periodontal treatment in monkeys.

The aim of the study was to investigate immunohistochemically the expression of matrix molecules associated with periodontal tissues reformed after regenerative periodontal treatment. Chronic intrabony defects were treated with guided tissue regeneration, enamel matrix proteins, the combination of both, or access flap surgery. Five months after healing, the animals were killed, and the healed periodontal tissues were evaluated immunohistochemically by means of polyclonal antibodies against osteopontin, collagen I, and collagen III. The intact (nontreated) parts of the periodontium served as controls. As a general observation, the staining for all investigated matrix molecules appeared to be stronger within the regenerated tissues than in the intact ones. The results failed to reveal any differences in terms of staining intensity or distribution pattern of investigated matrix molecules between the four different treatments. Osteopontin expression was most intense at the border near the newly formed cementum and bone. In the regenerated periodontium, collagens I and III were localized throughout the entire periodontal ligament connective tissue. In the regenerated periodontal ligament, collagen III displayed more intense staining than collagen I. The present results suggest that: (1) even after a 5-month period following surgical periodontal therapy, extracellular matrix molecules associated with wound healing and/or remodelling are more strongly expressed in regenerated than in intact tissues and (2) once an environment for periodontal regeneration has been created, the expression of extracellular matrix molecules associated with the healing process seems to display the same pattern, irrespective of treatment modality.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗

PubMed2002

The effect of dental restorative materials on dental biofilm.

To investigate the arrangement of biofilms formed in vivo, volunteers wore splints with slabs of six different dental materials inserted to collect smooth surface plaque. After 5 d of undisturbed plaque accumulation, the specimens were vital stained and analyzed by the confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to evaluate the percentage of vital biofilm microflora (VF percentage). Further parameters were the area of the specimens covered by plaque (surface coating; SC, %) and the height of the biofilms (BH, pm). The metals amalgam and gold, the compomer, as well as the glass-ionomer cement harboured an almost entirely dead biofilm (VF <8%). Resin composite led to vitality values between 4 and 21%, while a very thin biofilm on ceramic revealed the highest vitality values (34-86%). SC varied from 6% on glass-ionomer cement to 100% on amalgam. BH reached its highest value on amalgam and gold of 17 and 11 microm, respectively, while heights of between 1 and 6 microm were found on the ceramic, resin composite, compomer and the glass-ionomer cement. Within their limits, the present findings indicate that amalgam, gold, compomer and glass-ionomer cement exert an influence against the adhering biofilm. No general relationship could be established between the different parameters VF percentage, SC percentage and BH (microm).

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Clinical evaluation of an enamel matrix protein derivative combined with a bioactive glass for the treatment of intrabony periodontal defects in humans.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to compare the treatment of deep intrabony defects with a combination of an enamel matrix protein derivative (EMD) and a bioactive glass (BG) to BG alone. METHODS: Twenty-eight patients with chronic periodontitis, each of whom displayed 1 intrabony defect, were randomly treated with a combination of EMD and BG or with BG alone. Soft tissue measurements were made at baseline and at 1 year following therapy. RESULTS: No differences in any of the investigated parameters were observed at baseline between the 2 groups. Healing was uneventful in all patients. At 1 year after therapy, the sites treated with EMD and BG showed a reduction in mean probing depth (PD) from 8.07 +/- 1.14 mm to 3.92 +/- 0.73 mm and a change in mean clinical attachment level (CAL) from 9.64 +/- 1.59 mm to 6.42 +/- 1.08 mm (P < 0.0001). In the group treated with BG, the mean PD was reduced from 8.07 +/- 1.32 mm to 3.85 +/- 0.66 mm and the mean CAL changed from 9.78 +/- 1.71 mm to 6.71 +/- 1.89 mm (P < 0.0001). No statistically significant differences in any of the investigated parameters were observed between the test and control group. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that both therapies led to significant improvements of the investigated clinical parameters, and the combination of enamel matrix derivative and bioactive glass does not seem to additionally improve the clinical outcome of the therapy.

Acid Etching, Dental↗