Biomedical subjects

Antti Häkkinen

Publications and source records attributed to Antti Häkkinen.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

IR spectroscopy together with multivariate data analysis as a process analytical tool for in-line monitoring of crystallization process and solid-state analysis of crystalline product.

Crystalline product should exist in optimal polymorphic form. Robust and reliable method for polymorph characterization is of great importance. In this work, infra red (IR) spectroscopy is applied for monitoring of crystallization process in situ. The results show that attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infra red (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy provides valuable information on process, which can be utilized for more controlled crystallization processes. Diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infra red (DRIFT-IR) is applied for polymorphic characterization of crystalline product using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) as a reference technique. In order to fully utilize DRIFT, the application of multivariate techniques are needed, e.g., multivariate statistical process control (MSPC), principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS). The results demonstrate that multivariate techniques provide the powerful tool for rapid evaluation of spectral data and also enable more reliable quantification of polymorphic composition of samples being mixtures of two or more polymorphs. This opens new perspectives for understanding crystallization processes and increases the level of safety within the manufacture of pharmaceutics.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2005

Batch cooling crystallization and pressure filtration of sulphathiazole: the influence of solvent composition.

Currently there is a great interest in new process analytical approaches to increase the process understanding of pharmaceutical unit operations. In the present study, the influence of the solvent composition on the material properties and, further, on the filtration characteristics, of different crystal suspensions obtained through an unseeded batch-cooling-crystallization process was studied. Sulphathiazole, which is an antibiotic agent with multiple polymorphic forms, was produced by performing laboratory-scale cooling crystallization experiments from five different mixtures of water and propan-1-ol (n-propanol). The size, shape and polymorphic composition of the crystals produced were characterized with a scanning electron microscope, with a novel automated image analyser and with an X-ray powder diffractometer. All of the monitored crystal properties were found to clearly differ between the samples obtained from different solvents. The crystals produced in the batch-cooling-crystallization experiments were separated from the crystallizing solvents using a batch-type pressure Nutsche filter, and the filtration characteristics of the suspensions were evaluated on the basis of average filter-cake porosities and average specific cake resistances, which were determined from the experimentally obtained filtration data. Comparison between the calculated filtration characteristics revealed that considerable differences existed between the different suspensions, and it could therefore be concluded that the pressure-filtration process was influenced by the composition of the crystallizing solvent. The filterability of all the studied sulphathiazole suspensions was considered to be rather good on the basis of the relatively low cake porosities (0.51-0.63), which were accompanied with low average specific cake resistances [(8.7 x 10(7))-(1.2 x 10(9)) m/kg].

1-Propanol↗

PubMed2002

The effect of cosolvents on the formulation of nanoparticles from low-molecular-weight poly(l)lactide.

The aim of this study was to formulate nanoparticles from poly(l)lactide by a modified nanoprecipitation method. The main focus was to study the effect of cosolvent selection on the shape, size, formation efficiency, degree of crystallinity, x-ray diffraction (XRD) reflection pattern, and zeta potential value of the particles. Low-molecular-weight (2000 g/mol) poly(l)lactide was used as a polymer, and sodium cromoglycate was used as a drug. Acetone, ethanol, and methanol were selected as cosolvents. Optimal nanoparticles were achieved with ethanol as a cosolvent, and the formation efficiency of the particles was also higher with ethanol as compared with acetone or methanol. The particles formulated by ethanol and acetone appeared round and smooth, while with methanol they were slightly angular. When the volume of the inner phase was decreased during the nanoprecipitation process, the mean particle size was also decreased with all the solvents, but the particles were more prone to aggregate. The XRD reflection pattern and the degree of crystallinity were more dependent on the amount of the solvents in the inner phase than on the properties of the individual cosolvents. The zeta potential values of all the particle batches were slightly negative, which partially explains the increased tendency toward particle aggregation.

Acetone↗