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Aparna

Publications and source records attributed to Aparna.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Bacteriological study of paediatric and adult chronic suppurative otitis media.

Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is one of the commonest illnesses in ENT practice which requires medical attention all the more in children of poor socio-economic status having in past inadequate treatment and negligent medical care. The present study was conducted to find out the various aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms associated with CSOM in paediatric and adult cases and their current antimicrobial susceptibility pattern as a guide to therapy. Samples were collected from 109 clinically diagnosed cases of CSOM and processed according to standard protocols. Out of 74 paediatric CSOM cases, 72 (97.2%) were bacterial culture positive while out of 35 adult CSOM cases, 28 (80%) were culture positive. Bilateral CSOM was slightly more common in adults (25%) than paediatric (21.4%) age group. Polymicrobial nature of CSOM was noted in both paediatric (70.8%) and adult (71.4%) cases while number of organisms isolated per lesion was slightly higher in adults (2.5) as compared to paediatric (1.95) cases. In paediatric CSOM, Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest aerobic isolate while in adult CSOM, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the commonest one. Among anaerobes Peptostreptococcus spp. was commonest in CSOM where as Prevotella melaninogenica in adult CSOM. Sensitivity of S. aureus to cefuroxime was 72.2% while that of gram negative bacilli was higher to cefotaxime (90 to 100%). Among anaerobes higher sensitivity was seen to metronidazole (98.6%), clindamycin (95.7%) and chloramphenicol (98.6%). In view of the polymicrobial etiology of CSOM, prompt appropriate antimicrobial therapy can effectively reverse the disease process thereby preventing longterm sequelae.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Surgical infections: a microbiological study.

Surgical infections are mostly polymicrobial, involving both aerobes and anaerobes. One hundred seventeen cases comprised of abscesses (n=51), secondary peritonitis (n=25), necrotizing fascitis (n=22) and wounds with devitalized tissues (n=19) were studied. The number of microorganisms isolated per lesion was highest in secondary peritonitis (2.32). The aerobe/ anaerobe ratio was 0.81 in secondary peritonitis and 1.8 in necrotizing fascitis. Most secondary peritonitis (80%), necrotizing fascitis (75%) and wounds with devitalized tissues (66.7%) were polymicrobial. Common microorganisms isolated in our study were E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacteroides fragilis and Peptostreptococcus spp. The most effective antibiotics for S. aureus were clindamycin (79.1%) and cefuroxime (70.8%). For Gram-negatives (Klebsiella spp., E. coli and Proteus spp.), the most effective antibiotics were cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, amikacin and ciprofloxacin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was maximally sensitive to amikacin (35.2%) and ciprofloxacin (35.2%). The greatest degree of multidrug resistance to all the drugs was found in P. aeruginosa (52.9%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (33.3%), Proteus spp. (33.3%), E. coli (22.2%), and S. aureus (12.5%). All the anaerobes that we isolated were 100% sensitive to metronidazole and chloramphenicol, followed by clindamycin (95% to 100%). Apart from antibiotic therapy, non-antimicrobial methods, such as hyperbaric oxygen therapy and debridement also play an important role in the treatment of surgical infections.

Abscess↗
PubMed2003

Enterobacter bacteremia.

OBJECTIVES: To study the incidence, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, age and sex distribution, mortality and prognostic factors in cases of Enterobacter bacteremia. METHODS: A total of 18,745 indoor patients with suspected bacteremia were included in study. Enterobacter spp were identified and speciated using standard protocols. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using Stoke's disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by agar dilution method as recommended by NCCLS. RESULTS: Enterobacter spp ranking sixth was responsible for 4.6% of total group of significant bacteremias. The species most commonly causing bacteremia was E. cloacae (61.8%). The bacteremia was unimicrobial in 85.1% and part of a polymicrobial bacteremia in 14.8%. Portal of entry in decreasing order of frequency were unknown, respiratory tract, urinary tract and surgical wound. The most common clinical finding was fever (97.2%). Of Enterobacter isolates 72.9% were multiresistant to three or more antimicrobial agents. Overall mortality was 51.1%. CONCLUSION: Enterobacter spp are becoming increasingly important nosocomial pathogens. To prevent further emergence of multidrug resistance it may beprudent to avoid third generation cephalosporins and instead combination therapy may be used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of germ tube test in various media.

One of the most valuable tests for the rapid presumptive identification of Candida albicans is germ tube production. Previously researchers have concluded superior results with serum in germ tube test. However, handling of pooled human serum has danger of acquisition of hepatitis and HIV infections. Therefore, in the present study we compared various media--pooled human serum, sterile horse serum, peptone water and tryptic soy broth. It was observed that human serum remains to be the best with 100% positivity for identification of C. albicans followed by horse serum (76.3%), peptone water (61.8%) and tryptic soy broth (61.8%).

Candida albicans↗
PubMed1997

Prevalence and correlates of susceptibility to motion sickness.

Data on susceptibility to motion sickness were collected on a sample of 535 individuals divided into eight groups. The prevalence of motion sickness among Tibetans and Northeast Indians (28%) was slightly higher than Northwest Indians (26%). Generally speaking, females (27.3%) were more susceptible than males (16.8%). Among different groups, the highest incidence of susceptibility to motion sickness (SMS) was recorded in schizophrenic patients (30%), while the lowest in rowers (zero percent). Ears and eyes are the most potent receptors of provocative motion that causes sickness. Individuals with greater spatial and motor control, reflected in sports like rowing, athletics and professions like armed and paramilitary forces, were less susceptible to motion sickness. The SMS was significantly higher in individuals who suffered from spatial disorientation (35.05%), migraine (26.31%), gastrointestinal disorders (26.82%) and those who were more sensitive to unpleasant odours (24.64%) and preferred sweet flavours (24.48%) than their counterparts. These correlates have been utilized to explain the genesis of sickness using threshold model. Genetic and environmental pathways are strongly advocated. Past episodes of motion sickness acted as a strong psychological attribute in determining further episodes. The roadway buses and trucks proved more effective passive transportation types that caused sickness. The voluntary stabilization of the head and neck movements and gaze control proved very effective natural measures adopted by 38% subjects to avoid or limit motion sickness. About 50% of susceptible individuals became less susceptible or fully acclimatized to motion sickness due to habituation. The mean age at acclimatization was 21.98 +/- 5.93 years.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates in gingivitis and periodontitis.

The present study was conducted to isolate aerobic as well as anaerobic microbes from patients of gingivitis and adult periodontitis and to study the susceptibility patterns of these isolates to different antibiotics. In our study all the samples belonging to the control as well as the study groups yielded microbes. Aerobes and facultative anaerobes were isolated from 100 percent and 96 percent cases of normal gingiva and orodental infections respectively. Anaerobes were isolated from 80 percent of the normal gingival samples and 97 percent of the cases of orodental infections. Metronidazole was found to be the best for the anaerobes while the aerobes and facultative anaerobes showed good susceptibility to cefazolin and cefotaxime.

Adult↗