Biomedical subjects

Arthur E Stamps

Publications and source records attributed to Arthur E Stamps.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Surface location and enclosure.

This research addressed the issue of whether impressions of enclosure were more strongly influenced by amount of view covered by vertical boundaries (H1) or the presence of a boundary overhead (H2). There were three studies with totals of 48 stimuli and 142 respondents. Stimuli were balconies, swamps, and space stations. Effect sizes were reported for variables of boundaries below, in front of, and at the observers' sides, as well as amount of view covered by any boundary regardless of location with respect to the observer. Judged enclosure correlated at r =.80 for amount of view covered by vertical boundaries and r =.42 with the presence or absence of boundaries overhead, indicating that enclosure is more strongly related to vertical rather than overhead boundaries (alpha< .001).

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

In search of dominance: the case of the missing dimension.

Some previous researchers have found that affect can be described in terms of two dimensions (pleasure and arousal), while others have noted three dimensions are needed (pleasure, arousal, and dominance). The competing claims were tested by creating stimuli with factors previously demonstrated to elicit responses of arousal or dominance, asking respondents to rate the stimuli, and contrasting correlations between ratings and the stimulus factors. Under the two-dimensional theory, the planned contrasts should be zero, while under the three-dimensional theory, the planned contrasts should be nonzero. Results supported the three-dimensional model.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Elongation and enclosure.

Previous work suggested that elongation, horizontal area, and the boundary material might influence impressions of enclosure. This article describes an experiment in which these three factors were crossed. Ratings of open/enclosed by 15 respondents on 16 plazas indicated that the elongation ratio (range: 1:1 up to 1:1.8) had the strongest effect on impressions of enclosure (18% of variance). Horizontal area (12.25 m2 vs 49 m2) area accounted for 3% of variance. The amount of variance attributable to boundary material (plants vs walls) was an order of magnitude smaller (0.3%).

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Perceived enclosure of space, angle above observer, and distance to boundary.

Most previous research suggests that the horizontal size of a space has a strong effect on the perception of enclosure, but Hayward and Franklin reported in 1974 that the main determinant of perceived enclosure was the ratio of boundary height (H) over the distance to boundary (D) rather than just the boundary height per se or distance per se. We attempted replication of that finding. Students (41 male, mean age=24.7 yr., SD=7.7) rated 16 images on a scale of open/enclosed. There was a strong effect on impressions of enclosure for angle above observer (r = .91), and this effect was larger than the effect of height (r = -.17), but there also was another strong effect for distance (r = -.68). Moreover, the effect of distance was dependent on angle above observer (r = -.52). Thus, partial replication was achieved, and a new relationship between the geometry of environments and perceived enclosure was identified.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Permeability and environmental enclosure.

Theories by J. J. Gibson and H. Hediger suggest that environmental enclosure is important. Re-examination of their work suggests that judged degree of enclosure might be influenced by permeability of spatial regions. This study reports effects on judgments of enclosure by permeability and two other factors, horizontal size of rooms and heights of walls. 64 respondents rated 24 scenes on the criterion of enclosure. Pearson correlations for judged enclosure with the three factors were .68 for height, -.51 for permeability, and -.31 for horizontal size. Interactions between the factors had very small effects on judged enclosure.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Entropy, visual diversity, and preference.

The author reports relationships between subjective impressions of visual diversity or pleasure with statistical entropies of stimuli. The stimuli were 34 rows of houses that varied in color, scale, and shape, or in shape and articulation. Entropies ranged from 0.0 to 5.6 bits. Fifty-seven participants rated the stimuli on scales of pleasant/unpleasant and uniform/diverse. The relationship between rated diversity and entropy was strong and linear. The relationship between rated pleasure and entropy was either linear or asymptotic, but no evidence was found for an inverted U relationship.

Adult↗