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Biomedical subjects

Arun D Singh

Publications and source records attributed to Arun D Singh.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Small choroidal melanocytic lesions: features predictive of growth.

PURPOSE: To evaluate clinical features at presentation of small choroidal melanocytic lesions that were predictive of growth. DESIGN: Retrospective observational case series. PARTICIPANTS: A cohort of 240 patients with a presumptive diagnosis of small choroidal melanocytic lesions who were observed to document growth before treatment. METHODS: Data regarding size, location, diagnostic features, and growth were collected. To evaluate the diagnostic features at presentation, Barnard and Fisher exact tests were performed for categorical variables, and the Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for continuous factors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Documented growth. RESULTS: Eleven patients with small choroidal melanocytic lesions (4.6%) demonstrated growth within 50 months of follow-up. Lesions that demonstrated growth were significantly thicker (> or =2.0 mm; P<0.001) and closer to the foveola (<3.0 mm; P = 0.002). Significant increases in the risk of growth also were observed for gender (male), presence of symptoms, and orange pigment. CONCLUSIONS: Significant clinical features of small choroidal melanocytic lesions predictive of growth are greater thickness (> or =2.0 mm), location closer to the foveola (<3.0 mm), and presence of symptoms and orange pigment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Uveal melanoma: epidemiologic aspects.

Melanomas of the ocular and adnexal structures comprise approximately 5% of all melanomas. The majority (85%) of ocular melanomas are uveal in origin; primary conjunctival and orbital melanomas are rare. The diagnosis of uveal melanoma is made by clinical examination including indirect ophthalmoscopy and by ancillary studies such as fluorescein angiography and ultrasonography. Metastases to the liver develop within 15 years after the initial diagnosis and treatment in approximately 50% of patients with posterior uveal melanoma; however, clinically evident metastatic disease at the time of initial presentation is uncommon, indicating that there is early subclinical metastasis in most cases.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2005

Metastatic uveal melanoma.

Despite achieving great accuracy in correctly diagnosing uveal melanoma in the United States, mortality owing to this tumor has remained unchanged over a period of 25 years from 1973 to 1997. In general, the survival with metastatic uveal melanoma is poor, with a median survival of less than 6 months.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed2005

Choroidal hemangioma.

Choroidal hemangioma is an uncommon benign vascular tumor of the choroid that can be circumscribed or diffuse. Circumscribed choroidal hemangiomas are usually diagnosed between the second to fourth decade of life when they cause visual disturbances owing to the development of an exudative retinal detachment. Circumscribed tumors occur sporadically, without any associated local or systemic anomalies. Diffuse choroidal hemangiomas are usually evident at birth and generally occur as a part of neuro-oculo-cutaneous hemangiomatosis (Sturge-Weber syndrome).

Choroid↗
PubMed2005

Retinal vascular tumors.

Retinal vascular tumors can be classified into four distinct clinical entities, which include retinal capillary hemangioma, retinal cavernous hemangioma, retinal arteriovenous communications (Wyburn-Mason syndrome), and retinal vasoproliferative tumor.

Arteriovenous Malformations↗
PubMed2005

Infrared thermotherapy: from laboratory to clinic.

Thermotherapy by the transpupillary route is an effective outpatient eye-salvaging therapy for intraocular tumors. It does not require surgery, it can be repeated, and it does not affect the healthy structures of the eye. Thermotherapy by the transscleral route is under investigation and may have potential in the treatment of choroidal melanomas. The indications for chemoreduction, thermochemotherapy, and thermotherapy for retinoblastoma remain under investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Primary lymphoma of the central nervous system.

This article discusses primary lymphoma of the central nervous system, which is a variant of extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that arises from specific sites such as the brain, spinal cord, meninges, or eyes.

Central Nervous System↗
PubMed2005

The collaborative ocular melanoma study.

This review provides a summary of the main objectives, significant design features, and major findings and achievements of the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS). It has been written by two ophthalmic oncologists who were not part of the COMS study group; therefore, it represents an extramural view of the trial to supplement summaries published by the COMS investigators. Because the randomized design of the COMS was unique, no attempt is made to make any comparison with the results of previous non-controlled studies.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed2005

Estimating the risk of malignant transformation of a choroidal nevus.

PURPOSE: To estimate the risk of malignant transformation of a choroidal nevus in the white population. DESIGN: Systematic literature review. METHODS: A literature review was performed to obtain data on the prevalence of choroidal nevi in the white population. Data from studies that used indirect ophthalmoscopy or otherwise corrected data to include the entire fundus were selected. Only studies reporting on the United States population were included. The number of affected individuals was estimated using 2000 U.S. census data. The estimate of annual incident choroidal melanoma cases in the corresponding age- and race-matched population was calculated using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result database (1973-2000). Average annual age-specific incidence rates for 1973 to 2000 for each of the 5-year age groups (adjusted for the U.S. 2000 population) were calculated and applied to the corresponding census data. The ratio of numbers of affected individuals with choroidal melanoma and choroidal nevi gave the annual rate of malignant transformation of a choroidal nevus. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Annual rate of malignant transformation of a choroidal nevus in the white population of the U.S. RESULTS: The prevalence of choroidal nevus in the white U.S. population ranged from 4.6% to 7.9%. It was estimated that, on average, 8864625 individuals in the U.S. had a choroidal nevus. The number of individuals with choroidal melanoma in the corresponding age- and race-matched population ranged from 989 to 1008 (mean, 1002). The annual rate of malignant transformation of a choroidal nevus was estimated to be 1 in 8845. CONCLUSIONS: If it is assumed that all choroidal melanomas arise from preexisting nevi, then the published data suggest a low rate (1/8845) of malignant transformation of a choroidal nevus in the U.S. white population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Survival rates with uveal melanoma in the United States: 1973-1997.

PURPOSE: To determine variations in 5-year relative survival rates with primary uveal melanoma in the United States over a 25-year period from 1973 to 1997. DESIGN: Systematic review of existing databases. PARTICIPANTS: Two thousand four hundred ninety-three patients with primary uveal melanoma, International Classification of Oncology [ICDO-2] codes C69.3 [choroid melanoma] and C69.4 [ciliary body and iris]) derived from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program database in the United States from 1973 to 1997. METHODS: The patients were stratified according to the treatment (surgery or radiotherapy). The relative 5-year survival was calculated for 2054 patients diagnosed between 1973 and 1993 by the life table method using US life expectancy tables. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The relative 5-year survival rate. RESULTS: Surgical treatment was performed in 1476 (72%) cases, and radiotherapy was given in 300 (15%) cases. The proportion of cases treated by radiotherapy increased progressively from 2% to 28% in 20 years. Relative 5-year survival rates ranged from 77% to 84% without a statistically significant variation. CONCLUSIONS: Advances made in the local methods of treatment of primary uveal melanoma have not led to an improvement in survival. Systemic approaches to management of uveal melanoma are warranted.

Adolescent↗