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Biomedical subjects

Ashkan Ghavami

Publications and source records attributed to Ashkan Ghavami.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Thumb trapeziometacarpal arthritis: treatment with ligament reconstruction tendon interposition arthroplasty.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Understand the pathomechanical and biochemical basis for thumb trapeziometacarpal joint degeneration. 2. Diagnose and grade trapeziometacarpal joint disease based on presentation, physical examination (including provocative testing), and radiographic evidence. 3. Understand the principles of ligament reconstruction and tendon arthroplasty procedures. 4. Describe the surgical technique for ligament reconstruction tendon interposition arthroplasty and its variants. BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint is the second most common site of degenerative joint disease in the hand, and mostly affects postmenopausal women. Degenerative arthritis of the thumb trapeziometacarpal joint is associated with a lack of bony constraints and laxity of the supporting ligaments, particularly the anterior oblique ("beak") ligament, which is consistently implicated in disease progression. Resultant increases in joint stress loads leads eventually to metacarpal and trapezial articular destruction, thumb instability, and pain. METHODS: In this article, the authors review the diagnosis and treatment modalities available to the surgeon in the treatment of patients with trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis. The technique of ligament reconstruction tendon interposition arthroplasty is discussed in detail. RESULTS: Ligament reconstruction tendon interposition arthroplasty procedures center on three common principles: (1) excision of the diseased trapezium; (2) reconstruction of the beak ligament; and (3) interposition of a tissue substance to maintain metacarpal position. CONCLUSIONS: Both conservative and surgical management can be effective in the treatment of trapeziometacarpal arthritis, when properly selected. The success of ligament reconstruction tendon interposition arthroplasty in treating trapeziometacarpal arthritis has withstood the test of time.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed2005

Components of the short nostril.

BACKGROUND: The short nostril, best visualized on the basilar view, is a multifaceted dysmorphology that requires evaluation beyond that of alar/columellar deformities. While the soft triangle is the key component in short nostril disharmony, the alar rim and cartilaginous structures that border the nostrils play a salient role as well. METHODS: A retrospective review of 200 consecutive rhinoplasties (primary and secondary) examined the specific role of soft triangle excision and other components in the short nostril deformity. Twenty-seven patients underwent soft triangle excision with or without alteration of the other structures influential on nostril length. Of these 27 patients, only three patients required soft triangle excision alone. RESULTS: The distance from the nostril apex to the caudal border of the alar dome was found to be the crucial element in defining the treatment approach for creating nostril length. When this distance was long, excision of the soft triangle lining and approximation of the alar rim to the lining under the dome elevated the nostril apex and elongated the nostril. When the distance between the nostril apex and overlying dome was ideal or short, soft triangle lining removal was not required, and an optimal nostril length was established by repositioning the other components. Raising the dome using transdomal sutures redirected the wide domal arch vertically, narrowing and lengthening the nostril, provided there was no redundancy in the soft triangle. In a similar fashion, interdomal sutures improved both nostril length and inclination. Placement of a columellar strut also elongated the nostril. An alar rim graft, used primarily to correct alar rim retraction and concavity, also elongated the short nostril. CONCLUSIONS: The most important factor in analysis and treatment of the short nostril is the extent of the soft triangle tissue present. Soft triangle lining removal is indicated when the distance from the nostril apex to the caudal dome is excessive. This allows the nostril apex to be pulled anteriorly, thus elongating the nostril. The short nostril often coexists with multiple other abnormalities of the nasal base and tip, mandating a comprehensive approach to address all the deformities encountered. Correction of alar retraction also effectively increases nostril length. Further improvement of asymmetric tips and nostrils can be achieved through unilateral soft triangle lining excision with dome equalization through tip suturing and a subdomal graft.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

Nasal tip sutures part I: the evolution.

Suture techniques for reshaping the nasal tip have been in use for many decades. However, the past two decades have been the most influential in the advancement of the procedures commonly used today. This report details the origin of the major tip suture techniques and tracks their evolution through the years. The early techniques in tip rhinoplasty share a basic principle: the sacrifice of lateral crus integrity to augment the middle and medial crural cartilage to gain tip projection and height. These techniques often disrupt the support mechanisms of the tip lobule, leading to undesirable postoperative results, including supratip fullness, tip asymmetry, tip drop, and an overoperated appearance. Modern nasal tip surgery is founded on the philosophy that suture placement does not simply secure partially excised sections of alar cartilage; rather it aims to directly reshape and reposition the various nasal tip components. The principal suturing methods available in the repertoire of today's rhinoplasty surgeon are the medial crural suture, the middle crura suture, the interdomal suture, the transdomal suture, the lateral crura suture, the medial crura anchor suture, the tip rotation suture, the medial crura footplate suture, and the lateral crura convexity control suture. This report acknowledges past contributions to nasal tip surgery and looks at the recent evolution of techniques commonly used today.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

The aesthetic earlobe: classification of lobule ptosis on the basis of a survey of North American Caucasians.

North American Caucasian male subjects (n = 59) and female subjects (n = 72) were surveyed, to investigate earlobe height preferences that could serve as guidelines for aesthetic earlobe surgical procedures and reconstructions. Subjects were asked to rank their preferences for variously shaped earlobes in life-size-scaled sketched male and female profiles. Earlobe heights were varied on the basis of previously established anatomical landmarks, including the intertragal notch, the most caudal anterior attachment of the earlobe to the cheek skin (the otobasion inferius), and the most caudal extension of the earlobe-free margin (the subaurale). While the intertragal notch-to-otobasion inferius distance (range, 5 to 20 mm) and otobasion inferius-to-subaurale distance (range, 0 to 20 mm) varied, all other facial and ear anthropometric measurements were held constant. Each of the rank orders for the female and male facial profiles completed by the female and male subjects demonstrated statistical significance, as determined by one-way analysis of variance analysis of ranks (p < 0.001 for all four groups). No difference was noted between the two sexes' rank orders for either sex (p > 0.05). Therefore, analysis of the combined male and female preferences for each sex was completed with one-way analysis of variance analysis of ranks (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001) and a post hoc Dunn's test, to delineate significant preference differences between subgroups with respect to the intertragal notch-to-otobasion inferius and otobasion inferius-to-subaurale distances. Both female and male earlobe intertragal notch-to-otobasion inferius distances were preferred at either 5, 10, or 15 mm, more so than at 20 mm (p < 0.05 for all female and male comparisons). Furthermore, both female and male earlobe otobasion inferius-to-subaurale distances were preferred, in descending order, at 5 mm > 10 mm > 0 mm > 15 mm > 20 mm (p < 0.05 for all female and male comparisons). On the basis of the findings of this survey, the first classification of earlobe ptosis (based on otobasion inferius-to-subaurale distances), as well as a criterion for earlobe pseudoptosis (intertragal notch-to-otobasion inferius distance of greater than 15 mm), is presented. These findings suggest a role for independent assessment of the lobule length with respect to its anteriorly attached cephalad component (intertragal notch-to-otobasion inferius distance) and its free-margin caudal component (otobasion inferius-to-subaurale distance).

Aging↗
PubMed2002

Heat shock protein and high-dose aspirin: effects on random skin flap survival in a rat model.

The heat shock response is known to have a protective effect against flap ischemia. It has been shown that heat shock protein (hsp) expression can be augmented in vivo with the administration of high-dose aspirin before heat treatment. The authors hypothesized that administration of aspirin before hsp induction through heat stress would enhance further the protective effects of the heat shock response against skin flap ischemia. They used a random dorsal skin flap model in 32 rats divided into four groups (N = 8 each): control, heat shock, aspirin plus heat shock, and aspirin. Before surgery, rats in the two heat shock groups were placed in a 45 degrees C water bath until core body temperature measured 42 degrees C, and they were maintained at 42 degrees C for 15 minutes. Rats in the two aspirin groups received a single oral dose of aspirin (100 mg per kilogram) 1 hour before heat bath or surgery. Immunohistochemistry confirmed hsp expression in the two heat groups. Skin flap survival was improved significantly (p < 0.05) in the heat shock (55%), aspirin plus heat shock (58%), and aspirin (60%) groups when compared with controls (45%). Contrary to their hypothesis, aspirin combined with hsp induction did not offer greater protection from ischemia than hsp induction alone (p > 0.05). However, high-dose aspirin administration alone did improve skin flap survival when compared with controls. Future studies are needed to investigate further the role of pharmacological therapy combined with hsp induction in improving skin flap survival and to delineate the dose-response relationship between aspirin and hsp.

Animals↗