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Biomedical subjects

Atul Goel

Publications and source records attributed to Atul Goel.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Synthesis of aminonicotinonitriles and diaminopyridines through base-catalyzed ring transformation of 2H-pyran-2-ones.

An efficient and convenient synthesis of 2-amino-6-aryl-4-methylsulfanylnicotinonitriles (2), 2-amino-6-aryl-4-substituted-aminonicotinonitriles (4), and 2-amino-6-aryl-4-substituted-aminopyridines (6) has been delineated and illustrated through base-catalyzed ring transformation of 6-aryl-3-cyano-4-methylsulfanyl/substituted-amino-2H-pyran-2-ones (1, 3, and 5) with cyanamide and ammonium carbonate separately.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Giant cerebral cavernous haemangioma: a case report and review of literature.

An 18-year-old male presented with uncontrolled left focal seizures with secondary generalisation for the past 10 years. Investigations revealed a large lobulated mass in the right frontal brain. Surgical excision of a giant cavernous haemangioma was performed. The patient is seizure-free following the surgery. The case and relevant literature on the rare entity of giant intracranial cavernous haemangiomas is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Tuberculomas of the hypophysis cerebri: report of five cases.

Tuberculomas involving the hypophysis cerebri are extremely rare lesions, and these may occur even in the absence of systemic tuberculosis. This report presents the clinical data of 5 patients harbouring tuberculomas of the pituitary gland. Sellar tuberculomas commonly mimic pituitary adenoma. Histological diagnosis of a sellar lesion is mandatory irrespective of the clinical presentation and radiological findings. A history of extracranial tuberculosis in the past associated with radiological findings like leptomeningeal enhancement, parenchymatous brain tuberculomas or a thickened pituitary stalk on contrast MRI, are indicative of the possibility of a sellar tuberculoma. The aim of surgery is tissue diagnosis and tumour debulking. The response to long-term antituberculous chemotherapy is excellent. There is often a complete resolution of the granuloma and a satisfactory recovery of visual and endocrinological function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

In vivo antiviral activity of novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid p7 zinc finger inhibitors in a transgenic murine model.

Control of human immunodeficiency virus through the use of inexpensive chemotherapeutics, with minimal side effects and decreased potential for engendering resistant virus, is a long-term therapeutic goal. In principle, this goal can be accomplished if viral replication in reservoirs of chronically and latently infected cells is addressed. As a first step, we have developed novel antiviral compounds based on a 2-mercaptobenzamide thioester chemotype, including the pyridinioalkanoyl thioesters, which specifically target the zinc fingers of the human immunodeficiency virus nucleocapsid protein (NCp7). Using these compounds in a murine transgenic model, in which infectious human immunodeficiency virus is induced from an integrated provirus, we show inhibition of transgenic spleen cell p24 expression with potencies comparable to acute infection assays using human peripheral blood lymphocytes. More importantly, transgenic mice treated in vivo with two 2-mercaptobenzamide thioesters expressed significantly lower plasma p24, and splenocytes from these animals produced fewer infectious virions. Thus, these thioesters may provide an effective means for inhibiting the expression of human immunodeficiency virus from integrated viral reservoirs.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Congenital thoracic cord segmental amyelia: a rare manifestation of segmental spinal dysgenesis.

Segmental spinal dysgenesis (SSD) is a rare congenital abnormality in which a segment of the spine and spinal cord fails to develop properly. We report a case of a 4-year-old female child who was born prematurely with a permanent neurological deficit in the lower limbs and sphincter incontinence. Radiological investigations revealed segmental agenesis of the thoracic spinal cord (D8-D11 vertebral levels) with an associated vertebral bony anomaly. The pathogenesis of this rare form of SSD syndrome is discussed and the relevant literature is briefly reviewed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2003

Trigeminal neuroma: analysis of surgical experience with 73 cases.

OBJECTIVE: We reviewed the clinical and radiological features of 73 cases of trigeminal neuromas treated with radical surgery. METHODS: The records for 73 patients with trigeminal neuromas who were surgically treated in the neurosurgery department of King Edward VII Memorial Hospital and Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College (Mumbai, India), between 1989 and 2001, were retrospectively analyzed. The appropriateness of the selected surgical route was studied. The postoperative and follow-up data for the patients were analyzed, to determine the outcomes of radical surgery. RESULTS: In addition to the other presenting features of trigeminal neuromas, nine patients presented with the rarely reported symptom of pathological laughter. Three approaches were observed to be appropriate for treatment of these tumors, i.e., the infratemporal fossa interdural approach, the lateral basal subtemporal approach, and the retrosigmoid approach. In 51 cases (70%), total tumor excision was achieved. Two patients died during the postoperative period. With an average follow-up period of 38 months, there has been a recurrence in 1 case and 71 patients are leading independent and active lives. CONCLUSION: Radical surgery is associated with excellent clinical outcomes and long-term tumor control. A majority of tumors, even those that are large and multicompartmental, can be removed in a single surgical stage and exposure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Extradural approach for cavernous hemangioma of the cavernous sinus: experience with 13 cases.

The clinical, radiological, and surgical issues concerning cavernous hemangiomas located within the dural confines of the cavernous sinus were analyzed on the basis of experience with 13 cases. The feasibility of radical resection by an entirely extradural approach using a basal temporal surgical route to this relatively rare and formidable surgical problem was investigated. Thirteen patients, four males and nine females, with cavernous hemangioma involving the cavernous sinus were treated from 1992 to 2001. The patients were aged from 15 to 55 years. Headaches and deficits of the cranial nerves coursing through the cavernous sinus were the principal symptoms at presentation. Vision was affected in four patients. The radiological features in all patients were similar with a characteristic pattern of extension and encasement of internal carotid artery. The maximum size of the tumor was 28 to 73 mm (mean 44 mm). An entirely extradural route using the basal temporal approach was used successfully in seven cases. Total resection was achieved in 12 patients and partial resection was achieved in one patient. The follow up ranged from 8 months to 9 years (mean 45 months). The outcome of extraocular movements was poor in our series, possibly due to the massive sizes of the tumors encountered. There was no recurrence or growth of the residual tumor and all patients were leading active lives.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Retroorbital hemangiopericytoma and cavernous sinus schwannoma--case report.

An 18-year-old male presented with severe proptosis and blindness in the right eye. Neuroimaging revealed a large and hypervascular tumor in the right retrobulbar region and a large tumor in the left cavernous sinus. Angiography showed the right tumor was extensively vascular, fed by a hypertrophic ophthalmic artery, and the left tumor was moderately vascular, fed by a large middle meningeal artery. Following embolization of the feeder vessels, the right retrobulbar hemangiopericytoma and the left cavernous sinus schwannoma were uneventfully and successfully resected. Such combinations of different pathological lesions present unusual therapeutic challenges.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Benzamide-based thiolcarbamates: a new class of HIV-1 NCp7 inhibitors.

The HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein NCp7, which contains two highly conserved zinc fingers, is being used as a novel target for AIDS therapy due to its pivotal role in viral replication and its mutationally intolerant nature. Herein we report a new class of NCp7 inhibitors that possess good antiviral activity with low cellular toxicity.

Anti-HIV Agents↗
PubMed2002

Synthesis and biological properties of amino acid amide ligand-based pyridinioalkanoyl thioesters as anti-HIV agents.

Hyper-mutable retroviruses such as HIV can become rapidly resistant to drugs used to treat infection. Strategies for coping with drug-resistant strains of virus include combination therapies, using viral protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Another approach is the development of antiviral agents that attack mutationally nonpermissive targets that have functions essential for viral replication. Thus, the highly conserved nucleocapsid protein, NCp7, was chosen as a prime target in our search for novel anti-HIV agents that can overcome the problem of viral drug resistance. Recently, we reported (J. Med. Chem. 1999, 42, 67) a novel chemotype, the pyridinioalkanoyl thioesters (PATEs), based on 2-mercaptobenzamides as the thiol component and having its amide nitrogen substituted with various phenylsulfonyl moieties. These compounds were identified as relatively nontoxic anti-HIV agents in the XTT cytoprotection assay. In this study, we wish to report a separate genre of active PATEs wherein the thiol component consists of an N-2-mercaptobenzoyl-amino acid derivative. Active derivatives (EC(50) < 10 microM) reported herein were confined to amino acid primary amides or methyl amides having side chains no larger than isobutyl. Amino acids terminating in free carboxyl or carboxylic acid ester groups were mostly inactive. Selected compounds were shown to be active on chronically infected CEM/SK-1, TNFalpha-induced U1, ACH-2 cells and virucidal on cell-free virus, latently infected U1 cells and acutely infected primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2002

A convenient synthesis and hepatoprotective activity of imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimido[5,4-e]pyrimidine, tetraazaacenaphthene and tetraazaphenalene from cyclic ketene aminals through tandem addition-cyclization reactions.

A novel one-pot synthesis of imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimido[5,4-e]pyrimidinones (2), tetraazaacenaphthene-3,6-diones (4), tetarazaphenalene-1,7-dione (4d) is delineated from the reaction of cyclic ketene aminal (1) and alkyl or aryl isothiocyanate through tandem addition-cyclization reactions. However, reaction of ketene aminal (1a) with alkyl isothiocyanate only yielded angularly cyclized product 5 which did not react further to yield 6. The structure of 2c and 4d was ascertained by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis which demonstrated a network of various inter- and intramolecular interactions, responsible for the stability and packing of the molecules in the crystalline state. Some of the compounds (2a--h) were screened for hepatoprotective activity but only 2a was found most effective.

Acenaphthenes↗
PubMed2002

Basilar invagination and Chiari malformation associated with cerebellar atrophy: report of two treated cases.

We report two patients with an unusual complex of anomalies wherein the basilar invagination and Chiari malformation was associated with marked cerebellar atrophy. Both patients presented with relatively severe lower cranial nerve deficits and showed clinical improvement following a posterior foramen magnum bony decompression. The pathogenesis of the anomalies is discussed and the rationale of treatment is analysed.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Giant meningioma of the cranial vertex--case report.

A 55-year-old man was admitted with a swelling on the top of his head progressively growing for 2 years. The swelling had grown to a huge size with the appearance of a double head. A huge meningioma with predominantly extracranial growth and invasion into the superior sagittal sinus was subtotally excised. The excised tumor mass weighed 1380 g. The residual tumor was treated by irradiation. No recurrence was seen at one-year follow-up examination.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed2002

Flare up of tuberculous abscess following stereotactic aspiration--case report.

A 16-year-old non-immunocompromised and otherwise healthy patient presented with a tuberculous brain abscess. The abscess was aspirated stereotactically. Following the aspiration the disease process flared up and multiple daughter abscess cavities were discovered. The daughter abscesses were removed via craniotomy. Stereotactic aspiration requires care to prevent such flare up of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Cerebellopontine angle epidermoid tumor presenting with 'tic convulsif' and tinnitus--case report.

A 22-year-old female presented with a cerebellopontine angle epidermoid tumor manifesting as a rare combination of hemifacial spasm, trigeminal neuralgia, and tinnitus. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the tumor distorting the brainstem and the fourth ventricle. The tumor was almost completely resected and the seventh-eighth cranial nerve complex was decompressed by mobilizing the anterior inferior cerebellar artery loop. No arterial loop was related to the trigeminal nerve. The patient was completely relieved of the "tic convulsif" and tinnitus after the surgery. The inflammatory nature of epidermoid tumor may be involved in the etiology of the syndrome. Microvascular decompression may be needed in addition to tumor removal in such cases.

Adult↗