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Biomedical subjects

Aydin Yagmurlu

Publications and source records attributed to Aydin Yagmurlu.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Tracheobronchial rupture due to blunt chest trauma: report of a case.

Tracheobronchial injuries following blunt chest trauma are uncommon in children. The involvement of both the trachea and right main bronchus separately is highly unusual. We herein report the case of a 13-year-old boy who presented with both a tracheal and right main bronchial rupture following blunt chest trauma. While the tracheal laceration required a tracheotomy, a delayed repair of right main bronchial disruption was performed with a complete preservation of the right lung. The features of this uncommon entity are discussed, with special emphasis on early diagnosis and surgical management.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

An exceptional complication following appendectomy: acute inguinal and scrotal suppuration.

Inguinal and scrotal suppuration following appendectomy is a rare event, occurring mostly when a patent processus vaginalis is present. Herein we report a small series of children operated for appendicitis and presented with acute inguinal and scrotal symptoms postoperatively. Although acute scrotum is commonly attributed to torsion of testis or its appendage, epididymo-orchitis and incarcerated hernia, following appendicitis scrotal and/or inguinal abscess should be considered.

Appendectomy↗
PubMed2006

Caspofungin treatment in two infants with persistent fungaemia due to Candida lipolytica.

Candida lipolytica has infrequently been identified as a cause of infection and is associated mostly with vascular catheter-related fungaemia. Patients reported in the literature have been successfully treated with catheter removal or amphotericin B treatment. We report 2 infants with C. lipolytica fungaemia unresponsive to catheter removal and amphotericin B therapy and treated successfully with the addition of caspofungin to amphotericin B.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed2005

An unusual complication of peritoneal dialysis.

Abdominal pain during peritoneal dialysis can be due to an inflow pain or most frequently be associated with peritonitis. However, other unusual pathologies can also occur in patients with peritoneal dialysis. Herein, pelvic inflammatory disease in a pediatric peritoneal dialysis patient is presented. After exclusion of the most common causes, abdominal ultrasonography and laparoscopy will guide clinicians for the diagnosis of the other rare diseases in patients with peritoneal dialysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Antibiotic-induced mesenteric adenopathy in an intussusception mouse model: a randomized, controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic intussusception is a leading cause of intestinal obstruction in young children. Although the etiology remains obscure, lymphoid hyperplasia is found in a majority of cases. Antibiotics, the most frequently prescribed medication class in the pediatric population, have been recently associated with intussusception. The authors sought to determine whether enteral antibiotic exposure influences the development of mesenteric adenopathy, bowel dilation or intussusception in an animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors conducted a randomized, controlled animal trial using a previously described intussusception model. Mice were gavaged with normal saline, amoxicillin-clavulanate or azithromycin twice daily for 5 days to assess the influence of enteral antibiotic exposure on intussusception, mesenteric adenopathy and bowel dilation. One pediatric surgeon performed all laparotomies and was blinded to group designation. Chi2 and Fisher exact tests were used to evaluate differences between antibiotic exposed and control groups. RESULTS: Mesenteric adenopathy was identified in 4.1% of the normal saline controls compared with 54.1% (P < 0.01) and 38.9% (P < 0.01) of the amoxicillin-clavulanate and azithromycin exposed animals, respectively. A total of four intussusceptions were observed in the antibiotic-exposed groups combined whereas no intussusception cases were identified in the control group (P = 0.30). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to describe a significant association between antibiotic use and mesenteric adenopathy in any animal species.

Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination↗
PubMed2005

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis in paediatric peritoneal dialysis patients.

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a serious complication of chronic peritoneal dialysis (CPD). In contrast to the adult population, there are few studies regarding EPS in paediatric CPD patients, and the majority of reported patients are from Japan. The aim of the present report is to define the incidence of EPS in our paediatric CPD patients and to describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics. A total of 104 paediatric patients were followed from November 1989 to November 2003 and two were diagnosed as EPS (1.9%). The dialysis periods of these patients were 45 and 53 months with 6 and 8 peritonitis episodes, respectively. Clinical signs of EPS developed 7 and 14 days after the removal of the dialysis catheter, and CPD was replaced by haemodialysis because of persistent peritonitis. One patient was well after surgical management but died 6 months later. The second patient who was treated with prednisolone remained well at 16 months. In conclusion, EPS is a rare but important complication of CPD. We recommend that all patients on CPD who develop ultrafiltration failure be evaluated radiologically for the occurrence of EPS. Management should be tailored to the individual patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The effect on the intestines of continuous release of methylene blue from a drug delivery system: an experimental study in a chick embryo gastroschisis model.

Increased small bowel nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity has been suspected as a cause of postnatal intestinal dysmotility in gastroschisis. The effect of continuous delivery of methylene blue loaded polymer (MBLP) hydroxy-propyl methyl cellulose-ethyl cellulose (HPEC-MC) and daily injection of methylene blue (MB) on the intestinal damage (ID) was evaluated using a chick embryo gastroschisis model. Fourteen-day-old fertilized chick eggs were divided into five groups. In the control (C) group, no intervention was performed. In the sham (S) group, the allantoic and amniotic membranes were opened to create a common cavity that resembles the amniotic cavity in human. In the gastroschisis only (GO) group, a defect in the abdominal wall of the embryo was made, and intestinal loops were exteriorized following connection of amniotic and allantoic cavities. In the gastroschisis plus methylene blue (G+MB) group, gastroschisis was created and MB administered into the amnioallantoic cavity (AAC) by daily injections for 5 days. In the gastroschisis plus methylene blue loaded polymer (G+MBLP) group, MBLP was placed into AAC after gastroschisis was created. At the end of the 19th day of incubation, intestinal morphological changes were investigated macroscopically and microscopically. Although the survival rates were decreased in the chick embryos with creation of gastroschisis compared with C and S groups ( p<0.001), the survival rates were increased in G+MBLP group (76.92%) when compared with the GO group (41%) ( p<0.001). Because of multiple intervention of embryos, higher mortality was observed in the G-MB group (75.61%). Macroscopic and microscopic scores of ID and mean intestinal wall thickness were significantly higher in the GO group when compared with C, S, G+MB, and G+MBLP groups ( p<0.001). The mean score of intestinal ganglia morphology was significantly increased and the total number of ganglion cells was significantly decreased in the GO group when compared with C, S, G+MB, and G+MBLP groups ( p<0.001). It is possible to decrease intrauterine intestinal morphological changes in gastroschisis by inhibiting NOS. As a first preliminary study, we believe that use of MBLP may be an alternative for fetal treatment by eliminating the harmful effects of multiple interventions or amniotic fluid exchanges.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2004

A novel approach for preventing esophageal stricture formation: sphingosylphosphorylcholine-enhanced tissue remodeling.

Using a new class of intracellular 2nd messengers to prevent stricture formation after caustic ingestion, sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) has a wide spectrum of activity in cell growth regulation and signal transduction. Caustic esophageal burns were created with 15% NaOH in an experimental rat model. Control group animals (n = 10) had esophageal burns with no treatment, whereas the SPC group (n = 10) had esophageal burns gavaged with SPC for 7 days. Efficacy of treatment was assessed in 28 days by contrast esophagograms, histopathologic evaluation, and biochemically by tissue hydroxyproline (OHP) content. Contrast esophagograms demonstrated that SPC significantly prevented stricture formation. Obvious collagen deposition was present in submucosa, muscularis mucosa, and muscular layers in the control group compared with the SPC group. The damage to the esophageal wall on histopathologic examination was significantly lower in the SPC group (p < 0.05). Tissue OHP contents were significantly lower in the SPC-treated group (3.0 +/- 0.1 microg/mg) compared with the control group (4.3 +/- 0.2 microg/mg) (p < 0.05). We conclude that SPC improves healing following caustic esophageal burns. Furthermore, SPC is effective in preventing caustic esophageal strictures. These effects of SPC occur through its proliferative and specifically its remodeling effects on wound healing.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Sustained local application of low-dose epidermal growth factor on steroid-inhibited colonic wound healing.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The effects of locally administered low-dose epidermal growth factor in a steroid-inhibited wound healing were investigated in a rat model. METHODS: Long-acting release of epidermal growth factor was enabled using microspheres embedded in gelatin sponge. Study groups consisted of 60 rats with 10 in each: colonic anastomosis only (C), plus pure gelatin sponge (CG), plus epidermal growth factor loaded sponge (CE), colonic anastomosis and steroid (S), plus gelatine sponge (SG), and plus epidermal growth factor-loaded gelatine sponge (SE) groups. Bursting pressure and wound hydroxy-proline content were measured. Bursting sites were recorded. Collagen deposits, inflammation, and foreign body reactions were evaluated. RESULTS: Bursting pressure and hydroxy-proline contents were found lowest in the S and highest in the CE groups (P <.01). There was almost no difference between C and SE groups. Bursts were encountered in peri-anastomotic normal colon sites in the nonsteroid-treated C, CG, and CE groups. They were noted overwhelmingly at the anastomosis in steroid-inhibited S, SG, and SE groups. Histopathology results showed a standstill at the inflammatory phase of healing in S and SG groups. The best healing was observed in the CE group. Degree of collagen accumulation was well correlated with bursting pressure and hydroxy-proline content data with a negligible foreign body reaction to gelatine sponge. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous local epidermal growth factor administration by microspheres in gelatin increases wound collagen and further enhances healing in colonic anastomoses even with steroid inhibition.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed2004

The effects of local and sustained release of fibroblast growth factor on testicular blood flow and morphology in spermatic artery--and vein-ligated rats.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of local and sustained release of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) on testicular blood flow and morphology in spermatic artery--and vein-ligated rats. METHODS: Forty male Wistar albino rats weighting 300 +/- 20 g were allocated randomly into 5 groups consisting of 8 in each as follows: G-S (sham); G-C (control); and G-T0.85, G-T1.70, G-T2.55. After the ligation of the left spermatic artery and vein, 1 cm2 of unloaded and 0.85 microg, 1.70 microg, and 2.55 microg of FGF-loaded gelatin films were sutured on the left epididymis in G-C, G-T0.85, G-T1.70, and G-T2.55, respectively. After 30 days, bilateral capsular (CBF) and intratesticular (IBF) blood flows were evaluated by colored Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) and testicular blood flow (TBF) by 133Xe clearance technique. Tunica albuginea and intertubular tissues were studied for the increase of peritesticular and intratesticular vessels. Mean intertubular vascular structure counts, seminiferous tubular diameters, testicular biopsy scores, and Leyding cell scores of each group were recorded and compared. RESULTS: CBF was present in all animals of G-S, G-T0.85, G-T1.70, and G-T2.55 groups in CDUS, and it was detected in 62% of the G-C rats (P < .05). However, IBF was present in only 25% of the G-C rats, and this percentage was increased from 50% up to 87.5% for treatment groups, and 100% for G-S rats, respectively. 133Xe clearance showed that TBF was significantly decreased in G-C compared with G-S (P < .05). In G-T2.55, TBF was significantly increased, but still could not reach the level of G-S. Although mean testicular weights were significantly decreased for controls (G-C), G-T0.85, and G-T1.70, almost no difference was observed between G-T2.55 and G-S. Although a slight increase in the vascular structures of tunica albuginea was present in G-C rats, a significant increase was observed in treatment groups. The mean number of intertubular vascular structures was significantly increased in treatment groups when compared with G-S and G-C (P < .05). Mean seminiferous tubular diameters and Leydig cell scores were decreased in G-C but significantly increased in treatment groups (P < .05). Mean testicular biopsy scores were increased in treatment groups compared with G-C but could not reach to sham levels. CONCLUSIONS: Ligation of the spermatic artery and vein has detrimental effects on the ipsilateral testicular blood flow and morphology. These effects may be reversed by local application of FGF.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

A children's disease of rarity: "scrotal lymphangioma circumscriptum".

A 13-year-old boy with a long-standing history of multiple translucent vesicles covering his left hemiscrotal skin, which occasionally bled and oozed serosanguinous fluid, is presented. Histopathologic examination revealed lymphangioma circumscriptum, following surgical excision. The critical points in diagnosis and treatment of this unusual entity are as follows: Lymphangioma circumscriptum need always be kept in mind when vesicular skin lesions are associated with lymphedema. Chance of recurrence is lowered by excising not only the affected skin but also all the subcutaneous tissue, down to the deep fascia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Coexistence of Hodgkin lymphoma and cyst hydatic disease of the liver.

Although both Hodgkin lymphoma and cyst hydatic disease in children have been seen with an increased frequency, there is no previously reported case of Hodgkin lymphoma associated with cyst hydatic disease from Turkey. The authors report such a case of Hodgkin lymphoma. Intrahepatic cystic masses were diagnosed during ultrasound examination for clinical staging on admission. The diagnosis of cyst hydatic of the liver was confirmed by surgery. Although there was no residual and/or new cyst formation on radiologic follow-up, elevated antibody titers (indirect hemagglutination test) persisted following surgical excision at least for 2 years of follow-up.

Antibodies, Helminth↗
PubMed2003

Preventive effect of pentoxifylline on renal scarring in rat model of pyelonephritis.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficiency of pentoxifylline (PTX), a methyl xanthine derivative, in preventing renal scar formation after the induction of pyelonephritis in an experimental rat model with delayed antimicrobial therapy. METHODS: An inoculum of 1 x 10(9) colony-forming units/0.1 mL of the K-12 strain of Escherichia coli, which has both type 1 and P pili, was injected directly into both renal parenchyma of Wistar rats (n = 40). Group 1 (control) received isotonic saline instead of bacterial solution (n = 10). Four equal groups were then formed: group 2 was not treated and group 3 was treated only with ciprofloxacin for 5 days, starting 3 days after bacterial inoculation; in group 4, 50 mg/kg of PTX, and in group 5, PTX (50 mg/kg) and ciprofloxacin (15 mg/kg) together were administered intraperitoneally for 5 days, starting 3 days after bacterial inoculation. Six weeks after bacterial inoculation, all the rats were killed, and both kidneys were examined histopathologically for renal scarring. RESULTS: Delayed treatment with antibiotics had no effect on scarring compared with the untreated controls. However, the addition of PTX to the delayed antibiotic therapy significantly inhibited renal scarring compared with the untreated or antibiotic-only groups (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that PTX is effective in preventing renal scar formation in pyelonephritis when the initiation of antimicrobial treatment is delayed in this rat model of pyelonephritis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2003

Molecular determination of agouti-related protein binding to human melanocortin-4 receptor.

Agouti-related protein (AGRP) is an endogenous antagonist of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) that functions in the hypothalamic control of feeding behavior. Our previous studies have suggested that in addition to exoloops 2 and 3, several transmembrane domains of MC4R may be important for AGRP binding. However, the detailed molecular basis of MC4R domains in AGRP binding is presently unclear. The present studies were designed to determine the specific contribution of MC4R exoloops and transmembrane domains to AGRP binding by using chimeric receptor constructs of the human melanocortin-1 receptor (hMC1R), a receptor that is not inhibited by AGRP, and the human MC4R (hMC4R), a receptor that is potently inhibited by AGRP. Our results indicate that substitutions of the second and third extracellular loops of the MC4R with homologous domains of the MC1R dramatically decreased AGRP 87-132 binding affinity, but did not affect AGRP 110-117 binding affinity. In contrast, cassette substitutions of the third or fourth transmembrane domain of the MC4R with the homologous domain of the MC1R resulted in a substantial decrease of AGRP 87-132 binding affinity and loss of AGRP 110-117 binding affinity. These data suggest that the AGRP fragment 110-117 has no binding sites at exoloops of hMC4R and that transmembrane domains of MC4R may play an important role in AGRP 110-117 binding and function, whereas the exoloops do not. The second and third extracellular loops of MC4R are important for AGRP 87-132 N-terminal binding, whereas the third and fourth transmembrane domains of hMC4R are crucial for AGRP 110-117 binding.

Agouti-Related Protein↗
PubMed2002

The effect of electromagnetic field on undescended testis after orchiopexy.

Undescended testis is a common problem leading to infertility. After orchiopexy some studies support the necessity of hormonal therapy. Electromagnetic field stimulation on living tissues increase cell proliferation, protein and DNA synthesis. Sixteen prepubertal rats was objected to the fixation of left testes to the anterior abdominal wall for 30 days, right testes were removed. Another group of sixteen rats objected only to the right orchiectomy and a manipulation simulating study group without fixation. After orchiopexy, animals were divided into two groups. Both groups had eight rats. Electromagnetic field (EMF) stimulation group had the stimulation for two hours every day for ten days, while the second group did not. The sham group also divided into two groups. The first one applied EMF and name as Group CEM, the second one was sham. Weight of removed testes were measured and fixed in 10% formaldehyde for histopathological evaluation. At the creating of undescended testis and right orchiectomies a blood sample was obtained for testosterone level of prepubertal rats. After finishing EMF stimulation the rats were mated with females for 17 days. After fertility study a blood sample was obtained for testosterone assay and body weight were measured and fixed in formaline for histopathologic evaluation. All the rats were killed with overdose ether anesthesia and number of fetuses were recorded. Histopathological evaluation was based on Johnsen criteria and seminiferous tubule diameter measurements. We conclude that EMF stimulation resulted in Leydig cell proliferation, increase in testosterone level, testis weight, but decrease in germ cell population.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2002

Segmental hyperattenuation in the liver as a result of right hepatic vein thrombosis: an unusual complication of central venous catheterization.

Liver perfusion disorder secondary to hepatic vein occlusion is not often reported. This abnormality might be caused by invasion of the hepatic veins by tumour or compression by a large right adrenal mass. We present an unusual cause of hepatic perfusion disturbance due to right hepatic vein thrombosis resulting from inadvertent hepatic venous catheterization. On contrast-enhanced CT, the tip of a central venous catheter extended into the right hepatic vein, which was thrombosed. A sharply marginated wedge-shaped hyperdense region was demonstrated in the right lobe of the liver, thought to represent a compensatory increase in arterial flow to the affected territory.

Adolescent↗