Facial electromyography and reactivity in depression.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
B A Hong
Publications and source records attributed to B A Hong.
Pretreatment depression in end-stage renal disease.
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Depression↗
Effects of covert sensitization on facial EMG: a pilot study.
Two subjects currently undergoing covert sensitization treatment were asked to imagine alternately the covert scene and a pleasant imagery scene while EMGs from the corrugator and forearm extensor muscle sites were continuously monitored. Visual inspection of the data suggests that corrugator EMG can reliably discriminate the covert-sensitization scene from the pleasant imagery and from resting baseline conditions. Facial EMG may have potential for objectively studying imagery and its role in covert sensitization and other imagery-based treatments.
Adult↗
Facial electromyography as a predictor of treatment outcome in depression.
Electromyograms (EMGs) from the corrugator, zygomatic and splenius capitis muscle sites and Beck depression inventory scores were obtained from 21 depressed in-patients shortly after admission and after two weeks in hospital. Contrary to the result of a previous study by other investigators, significant covariaton between depressive symptoms and corrugator EMG levels was not seen. However, consistent with a second finding of the previous study, initial corrugator EMG levels were shown to be significantly predictive of treatment outcome. Further, initial EMG from the zygomatic was also found to predict changes in depression. The explanation is unclear and further research is needed.
Adult↗
A comparison of EMG and SCL in normal and depressed subjects.
Skin conductance level (SCL) and electromyograms (EMGs) recorded from three muscle sites were compared for 15 female hospitalized psychiatric patients meeting diagnostic criteria for primary affective disorder and 15 age-and race-matched controls. The depressed subjects had significantly lower SCL and significantly higher resting EMG levels recorded from one muscle site. Electromyogram and SCL were not found to be significantly correlated with each other or with measures of anxiety or depression for the patients with primary affective disorder. Normal controls, however, showed significant correlations between a measure of depression and both EMG and SCL. These results are discussed with suggestions for future research.
Adult↗
Similarity of depression in diabetic and psychiatric patients.
Diabetic and psychiatric out-patients were studied to determine whether the symptom profile of depression was similar in medically ill and medically well subjects. The diagnosis of major depression was determined using psychiatric interviews and DSM-IIIR criteria. The 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to characterize the prevalence and severity of depression symptoms, and the measure was divided into cognitive (13 symptoms) and somatic (eight symptoms) subsets. Seventeen (81%) of 21 symptoms (including 12/13 cognitive and 5/8 somatic symptoms) were not statistically different in prevalence or severity between the depressed diabetic patients (N = 41) and the depressed psychiatric patients (N = 68). Both of these depressed groups were significantly different from a nondepressed diabetic comparison group (N = 58) in the prevalence and severity of every BDI symptom except weight loss. These data show that the symptom profile of depression in diabetic patients (in particular the cognitive symptoms) is similar to that in depressed psychiatric patients and is readily differentiated from the symptom profile in nondepressed diabetic patients. Our observations support the diagnostic validity of the DSM-IIIR criteria for major depression in this medically-ill outpatient sample.
Adult↗
The stability of family decisions to consent or refuse organ donation: would you do it again?
OBJECTIVE: Past organ donation research has studied attitudes toward donation, predictors of signing donor cards, and distinguishing characteristics of donors vs. nondonors. The current study is the first to examine predictors of family members' satisfaction with the decision to consent or refuse donation of a dying loved one's organs or tissue. METHOD: This study surveyed 225 family members who had been approached to donate the organs or tissue of a dying loved one. Participants were surveyed about demographic characteristics, medical/hospital factors, previous knowledge of transplantation, the request process, religion, and characteristics of the deceased and of the recipient. Discriminant analyses were conducted to characterise four specific groups: a) donors who would donate again; b) donors who would not donate again; c) nondonors who would now donate; and d) nondonors who still would not donate. RESULTS: Three significant discriminant functions emerged discriminating donors from nondonors, those who were satisfied with their decision from those who were not, and people who would now donate from those who would not. Donation was predicated by formal education, being married, volunteerism, signing donor cards, and having personal conversations about donation. Subsequent satisfaction was predicted by comfort and confidence during the decision-making process, familiarity with medical center, and understanding of brain death. A willingness to now donate was predicted by personal discussions about donation. CONCLUSIONS: People should be encouraged not only to sign donor cards, but to have discussions with family about wishes. Individuals should be encouraged to seek the help of family and friends during the decision, and be aware of the need of social support from family and friends during and after the decision.
Attitude to Health↗