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Biomedical subjects

B A Kogan

Publications and source records attributed to B A Kogan.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Sensitivity of 99mtechnetium-dimercaptosuccinic acid for the diagnosis of chronic pyelonephritis: clinical and theoretical considerations.

Radioisotopic renal imaging proved to be much more sensitive than excretory urography in diagnosing renal parenchymal damage in 6 children with acute febrile urinary tract infections. This increased sensitivity may affect clinical management. More importantly, it may change the interpretation of scientific studies evaluating the natural history and treatment of vesicoureteral reflux.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Spermatic cord torsion: diagnostic limitations.

To distinguish spermatic cord torsion from other intrascrotal pathology, scrotal ultrasound and radionuclide scanning have been highly recommended on the basis of both clinical and experimental studies. We review the data from six patients in whom ultrasound or nuclear medicine examination was misleading. We emphasize that history, physical examination, and urinalysis remain the cornerstones of the diagnosis of spermatic cord torsion. Scrotal ultrasound and nuclear medicine scans are useful adjuncts and are reassuring when in agreement with the clinical picture. However, they are not 100% sensitive or specific, and a negative study should not prevent emergency operative exploration of a clinically suspicious lesion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Cutaneous ureterostomy as a permanent external urinary diversion in children.

Permanent cutaneous ureterostomy was used in 20 children between 1967 and 1980. The result was excellent in 15 cases (75 per cent) and acceptable in 2 (10 per cent), with better results for those patients who underwent cutaneous ureterostomy with transureteroureterostomy. Upon reviewing our 3 failures and 8 from another group it became clear that the amount of ureteral dilatation present preoperatively was inadequate for this type of diversion in 5 of the 11 cases. Overall, poor results were common in patients less than 2 years old and in those with recurrent symptomatic infection or impaired renal function before diversion. There was no late deterioration, since the onset of problems always occurred within 3 years of diversion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The natural history of prenatal hydronephrosis with normal amounts of amniotic fluid.

Thirteen cases of fetal hydronephrosis associated initially with normal volumes of amniotic fluid were diagnosed by maternal sonography. No invasive procedures were done in utero. Postnatal evaluation demonstrated 8 neonates with urinary tract obstruction and 5 normal neonates. Long-term followup of these 13 patients revealed that 12 are healthy and have normal renal function. The exception is a child whose amniotic fluid decreased during pregnancy. Our data suggest that fetuses with normal volumes of amniotic fluid do well. Treatment should be limited to frequent prenatal sonography and subsequent early postnatal evaluation. Caution should be exercised with the diagnosis of hydronephrosis, since 5 of our patients had false positive findings. In the rare instances when oligohydramnios develops during pregnancy fetal intervention may be warranted.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1983

99mTc-DMSA scanning to diagnose pyelonephritic scarring in children.

99mTechnetium-labeled dimercaptosuccinic acid (99mTc-DMSA) scanning provides superior quality images of renal parenchymal detail, which makes it highly sensitive for the diagnosis of pyelonephritic scarring. Unlike most other imaging techniques, radionuclide scanning is not affected by bowel gas or bony structures overlying the kidneys. This makes it particularly useful in children. Furthermore, renal scarring can be demonstrated by 99mTc-DMSA even before the classic gross anatomic and radiologic changes are present. The use of 99mTc-DMSA scanning in over 300 children has demonstrated its benefits and advantages over standard radiographic techniques.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Neurologic disease masquerading as genitourinary abnormality--the role of urodynamics in diagnosis.

While the great majority of patients with neurogenic bladder and sphincter dysfunction have identifiable neurologic disease a small group will present with obvious genitourinary problems caused by not so obvious neurologic conditions. Thirteen such patients are presented, with a discussion of the ability of various urodynamic tests to predict the presence of significant neurologic disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Renal calculi associated with incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis.

We report 5 cases of renal calculi associated with incomplete type I renal tubular acidosis. The patients presented with a history of recurrent calculi and demonstrated bilateral calculi with corticomedullary junction calcification on x-ray. Stone analysis revealed primarily calcium phosphate stones and metabolic studies demonstrated hypercalciuria, mild depression of serum bicarbonate and inability to lower the pH of a fasting morning urine to less than 5.8. The 24-hour urinary citrate excretion was depressed markedly. The diagnosis was confirmed by an ammonium chloride loading test. Treatment consisted of alkalization of the patients, which corrects the hypercalciuria and increases the urinary citrate level and should decrease the tendency to form stones. The diagnosis of incomplete type I renal tubular acidosis should be considered in patients with recurrent renal calculi.

Acidosis, Renal Tubular↗
PubMed1981

Nongonococcal urethritis.

Nongonococcal urethritis is a venereal disease whose incidence is almost double that of gonorrhea. Despite this, the diagnosis, origin, treatment, and complications of nongonococcal urethritis remain unclear. Although some cases are undoubtedly caused by infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, the origin of many cases is uncertain. Treatment is recommended to shorten symptoms and prevent complications. This review presents the current status of this confusing disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Urinary retention secondary to Landry-Guillain-Barré syndrome.

We report on 2 patients who presented with voiding abnormalities and were found to have the Landry-Guillain-Barré syndrome. Urodynamic evaluation documented a motor paralytic bladder with denervation of the periurethral striated muscle in 1 case. The other patient recovered before denervation could be confirmed by urodynamic study. Although a motor paralytic bladder is anticipated, based on the pathophysiology of the Landry-Guillain-Barré syndrome, it has not been documented previously in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Otis internal urethrotomy in the treatment of urethral stricture disease.

Internal urethrotomy was done on 216 urethral strictures in 192 patients at our medical centers from 1969 to 1978. Of these cases 71 per cent were treated successfully, with a 12 per cent complication rate. Results were analyzed separately for different characteristics of the strictures and for several methods of internal urethrotomy. It is concluded that nearly all types of strictures can be treated by internal urethrotomy, with a reasonable rate of success and a minimum of morbidity.

Adult↗
PubMed1971

Q fever in Los Angeles County. Serological survey of human and bovine populations.

Q fever is endemic and enzootic in Los Angeles County. A serological survey conducted in 1949 is compared with a current survey. Infection in dairy herds is now almost universal, while the prevalence of positive complement fixation titers in man only increased from 1.2 percent to 2.3 percent (p <0.10). The relative stability in man is accounted for by the increase in temperature requirements for milk pasteurization, the decrease in consumption of raw milk and the decrease in the number of dairy farm foci.

Adolescent↗