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Biomedical subjects

B A Stoll

Publications and source records attributed to B A Stoll.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Spontaneous regression of cancer: new insights.

Suppression of oncogene expression and of host- or tumour-expressed growth factors and receptors may precipitate spontaneous regression or dormancy in human cancer. Loss of oncogenes necessary for progressive proliferation can lead to differentiation changes. Both natural factors and chemical agents can trigger such a change, and of the naturally occurring agents, growth factors and immunological factors have been most studied. We may find new clues to biological methods of prolonging arrest of cancer, by looking for cytogenetic abnormalities, alterations in oncogene expression and immunocytological composition, in patients showing prolonged dormancy of cancer.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1992

Selection of young women with high-risk breast cancer for adjuvant systemic therapy.

Biological criteria of tumour aggressiveness have recently been recommended for use in selecting high-risk cases for adjuvant systemic therapy after primary treatment of breast cancer. Without them, the clinician has considerable difficulty in balancing the morbidity of cytotoxic therapy against the possible benefits. Consistent evidence that patients under the age of 35 years have the worst prognosis of all age groups, while those in the 45-49 age group have the best prognosis, should help in a decision on suitable adjuvant treatment for either node-positive or node-negative young women with breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Does extra height justify a higher risk of breast cancer?

While there are no firm data with respect to its oncogenic potential in the human breast, increasing evidence of the mitogenic activity of IGF on breast tissue at the time of puberty suggests caution in the use of recombinant growth hormone in the treatment of short prepubertal girls. This applies to those without evidence of classic growth hormone deficiency, particularly in the presence of a family history of breast cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

New hormone-related markers of high risk to breast cancer.

New markers of increased risk to breast cancer are examined and related to established risk markers. The following new evidence is highlighted: (1) Increased testosterone secretion by the ovaries is currently the only major steroid abnormality shown to be associated with increased risk of both premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer. (2) Upper body-type obesity is a marker for both hyperandrogenaemia and hyperinsulinaemia and is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Upper body type obesity may already be recognised in early puberty in caucasian girls and is associated with a characteristic androgen/oestrogen profile. (3) Relative tallness in women is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. A hypothesis is offered on the significance of these markers in the aetiology of mammary cancer in women, and also a means of testing the hypothesis. The hormonal promotion of mammary carcinogenesis is likely to be greatest between puberty and the first full term pregnancy. The presence of hyperinsulinaemia can increase the ovarian production of androgen, and the abnormal hormonal profile may stimulate proliferative activity in mammary epithelium. This may increase the risk of epithelial atypia and carcinogenesis.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Breast cancer risk in Japanese women with special reference to the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor axis.

Earlier physical maturity in girls, involving an earlier and more marked growth hormone spurt and also an earlier menarche, is a marker of subsequent higher risk to breast cancer. Based on the results of recent research, it is postulated that interaction between growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor and sex steroids at an earlier age, has a major role in stimulating not only linear growth but also precocious proliferative activity in the breasts of adolescent girls. This may promote carcinogenesis in a susceptible mammary epithelium and could partly account for the rising breast cancer mortality rate among both Japanese and Western women.

Body Height↗
PubMed1991

Overprolonged adjuvant tamoxifen therapy in breast cancer.

While adjuvant tamoxifen therapy given continuously for 2-3 years can lead to a modest improvement in survival rates in early breast cancer, there is no evidence that prolonging tamoxifen administration beyond that time is likely to improve survival rates any further in unselected cases. In the case of advanced disease, an alternating tamoxifen/progestagen regimen has been shown to increase the response rate and also its duration, beyond that to be expected from either agent alone. The next generation of adjuvant trials in breast cancer needs to explore the potential of an alternating tamoxifen/megestrol regimen.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1979

Medical treatment of breast cancer.

Medical treatment is potentially more important than surgical treatment for the large majority of patients presenting withe breast cancer. Since each patient has unique characteristics affecting both tumour aggressiveness and host defence, a generalised approach to medical treatment is no longer acceptable.

Antineoplastic Agents↗