Biomedical subjects

B A Tatem

Publications and source records attributed to B A Tatem.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1979

Gentamicin and ticarcillin serum levels.

Ticarcillin disodium and gentamicin sulfate serum levels were measured one and five hours after intravenous administration. Patients receiving ticarcillin plus gentamicin had a significantly lower mean gentamicin level one and five hours after antibiotic administration than patients receiving cephalothin sodium plus gentamicin. The serum ticarcillin levels were significantly lower five hours after administration in patients receiving ticarcillin plus gentamicin than in those receiving ticarcillin plus cephalothin. Low antibiotic serum levels in patients with serious infections treated with these antibiotic combinations are of potential clinical significance; therefore, to ensure an optimal antimicrobial therapy, it is advisable to determine the drug serum concentrations (especially aminoglycoside) even in patients with normal renal function when treating with combinations of antimicrobials.

Bacterial Infections↗

PubMed1978

Comparison of serum bactericidal activity among three antimicrobial combinations.

Three antimicrobial combinations, ticarcillin plus cephalothin (T+C), ticarcillin plus gentamicin (T+G), and cephalothin plus gentamicin (C+G), were administered to 105 febrile granulocytopenic cancer patients at the Baltimore Cancer Research Center as part of a multi-institutional prospective randomized antibiotic trial. The sera from 32 of these patients (T+C-10 patients, T+G-10 patients, and C+G-12 patients) obtained 1 h post-antibiotic administration were examined for bactericidal activity against 11 strains each of the most common pathogens infecting the granulocytopenic host: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Each of the three antibiotic regimens produced a high degree of bactericidal activity in these sera against S. aureus and E. coli. P. aeruginosa was equally, although poorly, killed by sera containing ticarcillin (T+G, T+C), whereas C+G produced no measurable serocidal activity (P < 0.05). Sera with C+G killed K. pneumoniae more effectively than T+G; T+C produced the least killing effect of the three regimens against this organism (P < 0.05). The bactericidal activity of the serum from these 32 patients supplements the overall clinical results of the multi-institutional antibiotic trial and suggests that T+G is a useful initial regimen for empiric therapy of febrile episodes in granulocytopenic cancer patients.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1977

Pirbenicillin: comparison with carbenicillin and BL-P1654, alone and with gentamicin, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of pirbenicillin against 135 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were one-fourth of those required for carbenicillin but two times higher than those for BL-P1654. Increasing the inoculum size produced an adverse effect on the bactericidal activity for all three antibiotics. This was more apparent for pirbenicillin than for carbenicillin, but less than the effect on BL-P1654. When concentrations of antibiotics likely to be achieved clinically were used, gentamicin increased the inhibitory and bactericidal effects of all three semisynthetic penicillins for the majority of isolates. Strains highly resistant to the aminoglycoside antibiotic, however, were inhibited no more by the penicillin-gentamicin combinations than by the most effective of the antibiotics alone.

Carbenicillin↗

PubMed1975

BL-P1654, ticarcillin, and carbenicillin: in vitro comparison alone and in combination with gentamicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Minimum inhibitory concentrations of carbenicillin, ticarcillin, and BL-P1654 were determined for 89 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ticarcillin was generally twice as active and BL-P1654 eight to 16 times as active as carbenicillin. Usually carbenicillin and ticarcillin killed at the same concentration or twice the concentration needed to inhibit, whereas 400 mug of BL-P1654 per ml was not bactericidal for the majority of isolates tested. The inhibitory effect of all three drugs varied markedly with the size of bacterial inoculum. When therapeutically achievable concentrations were used, adding gentamicin enhanced the inhibitory and bactericidal activity of all three penicillin derivatives for the majority of isolates. However, inhibition of isolates highly resistant to gentamicin was not improved by combining the semisynthetic penicillins with gentamicin.

Carbenicillin↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Parenteral prophylaxis against enterococcal endocarditis.

Three commonly used antibiotic regimens for the prevention of enterococcal endocarditis were administered parenterally to six healthy men in a crossover manner. The regimens included 1 gm of streptomycin intramuscularly (IM) in combination with (1) procaine penicillin 600,000 units plus aqueous penicillin G 200,000 units IM; or (2) ampicillin 25 mg/kg intravenously (IV); or (3) ampicillin 1 gm IM. The combinations containing ampicillin IM or IV with streptomycin produced bactericidal activity at dilutions of 1:2 or greater for the majority of the strains, whereas the penicillin-streptomycin regimen did not. All regimens were poorly bactericidal against three strains of enterococci which were highly resistant to streptomycin. These data suggest that ampicillin plus streptomycin is the preferred regimen for prophylaxis.

Ampicillin↗