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Biomedical subjects

B A Tolpyshev

Publications and source records attributed to B A Tolpyshev.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Use of cavinton in epilepsy].

The authors studied the effect of cavinton (15-45 mg/day) and its combinations with different anticonvulsants on the time-course of different forms of epilepsy. In 20 of the 31 patients studied treatment with cavinton either significantly decreased the frequency of attacks or led to their complete disappearance; in 7 patients the improvement was insignificant and in 4 the condition deteriorated. The greatest effect of cavinton was observed in generalized tonic-clonic convulsions and when they were combined with absences. Clinical improvement not always correlated with EEG normalization. A suggestion is made that the mechanism of the anticonvulsive action of cavinton may be explained both by the normalization of the cerebral blood flow and elimination of hypoxia and by the fact that the drug may possess anticonvulsive properties unrelated to the normalization of the cerebral hemodynamics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Changes in cat behavior as affected by intracerebral microinjections of kynurenine and quinolinic acid].

Behavioural changes induced by microinjections of neuroactive tryptophan metabolites: L-kynurenine sulfate (KYN, 50-1,000 micrograms) and quinolinic acid (QA, 20-1,000 micrograms) were studied in chronic experiments on cats with cannulas implanted into nuclei caudati. Unlike KYN, whose effects were scarce and nonspecific, QA (500 and 1,000 micrograms) produced marked motor and emotional shifts. The effects were manifested in contralateral rotatory movements, limb hyperkinesis, emotional strain, malice, fear, aggression with snarling and hissing, attack on provocation. It is suggested that kynurenines and QA can participate in the generation of emotional disorders peculiar for epilepsy.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Fenamin stereotypy as a stable rhythmic process].

In cats with amphetamine stereotypy, the rate of horizontal head movements ranges rhythmically in time. Marked stereotypy is in agreement with more regular and low amplitude waves on the total activity curve. During amphetamine effect abatement, the curve gets stabilized as regards the amplitude and period. According to the results of separate evaluation of the temporary dynamics of the number of the left- and right-handed head movements, stereotypy is marked by an increase in the period duration when the rate of the movements changes differently. Natural or neuroleptic-induced abatement of stereotypy is accompanied by an increase in the duration of unidirectional (synchronized) shifts of the rate of the head movements.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1982

[Different role of various regions of the caudate nucleus in phenamine-induced stereotyped behavior in cats].

Electrolytic ablation of the ventral parts of the cat caudate nucleus head results in an increase of frequency and disorganization of the pattern of the stereotype head turnings, induced by large doses of amphetamine. Lesion of the dorsal parts, on the other hand, is attended with a decreased number and limited manifestation of stereotype movements. A similar effect appears following a low frequency electrical stimulation of the nucleus ventral part. The disrupting action of neuroleptic haloperidol on the amphetamine-induced stereotype is weakened in animals with ventral lesions and enhanced in those with dorsal lesions. Due to dopaminergic activity, the amphetamine, apparently, produces a functional unbalance between different zones of the caudate nucleus, which underlies stereotype behaviour.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1981

[Neurophysiologic and pharmacologic evidence of autoregulationin the nigrostriatal system].

Repeated electrical stimulation of substantia nigra in cats produces a progressive relaxation of the poststimulation stereotyped behavior. This effect may be consequent on the development of autoinhibition in the nigro-striatal pathways since the rate of stereotypy inhibition increases in the presence of low doses of amphetamine and apomorphine but is reduced by little doses of haloperidol. A possible reason for autoinhibition is likely to involve an activation of the presynaptic dopaminergic receptors on nigro-striatal axons.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1981

[Possible discrepancy between behavioral adequacy and motor automatisms in cats with phenamine-induced stereotypy].

Experiments in cats were made to study the effect of the increasing doses of the neuroleptics haloperidol and clozapin as well as those of metoclopramide with weak antipsychotic properties on various characteristics of amphetamine-induced stereotypy. Haloperidol was shown to return the animals' behavior adequacy to normal and to concurrently eliminate the motor automatisms. Clozapin produced an earlier recovery of the psychoemotional state, exerting a less powerful effect of motor manifestation of stereotypy. On the contrary, metoclopramide eliminated motor disorders more readily but did not return the behavior adequacy to normal. The reason for dissociation of both the characteristics of stereotypy may lie in dissimilar participation in it of different parts of the caudate nucleus or in different implications of the caudate and extracaudate mechanisms.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1981

[Effect of phenamine and haloperidol on stereotyped behavior in response to electric stimulation of the substantia nigra in cats].

On being given in low doses (0.25 mg/kg) amphetamine potentiates stereotyped behavior induced in cats by stimulation of substantia nigra. As the dose is raised the effect increases eventuating in the formation of the typical amphetamine-induced stereotypy. Little doses of haloperidol (0.03-0.06 mg/kg) reduce the behavioral and electroencephalographic signs of nigral stereotypy. Amphetamine potentiates, while haloperidol reduces the impairment of the restrained function of the caudate nucleus which occurs in the presence of nigral stereotypy.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1978

[Effect of para-chlorophenylalanine and 5-hydroxytryptophan on the caudate nucleus in cats].

In unrestrained cats parachlorophenylalanine, an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis, increased the thresholds of the contraversive reaction and arrest reaction accompanied by spindle-waves in the sensory-motor cortex in the stimulation of the rostro-ventral areas of the caudate nucleus. The reactions evoked from the dorso-medial areas of the head and the body of the nucleus changed differently. On the contrary, 5-hydroxytryptophane, serotonin precursor, increased most of the indices of the caudate activity independently of the site of stimulation. It is suggested that the serotoninergic mechanisms (antagonistic to the dophaminergic system) existing in the ventral part of the caudate nucleus may trigger some caudate functions.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed1978

The role of serotonergic mechanisms on amphetamine-induced stereotyped behaviour.

The effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) on amphetamine-induced stereotyped behaviour (ASB) and on the behavioural and EEG effects of caudate nucleus stimulation have been studied in the cat. After a pretreatment with 5-HTP (10--30 mg/kg) the threshold dose of amphetamine to induce ASB remained the same, but its pattern assumed a more organized character with reduced amplitude of stereotyped movements. On the contrary, after PCPA (200 mg/kg) a disorganized pattern of ASB was observed. 5-HTP increased and PCPA decreased the threshold of the arrest reaction induced by low frequency stimulation of ventro-lateral parts of the head of caudate nucleus. 5-HTP and PCPA also influenced in the opposite direction caudate-induced spindle waves in the neocortex. The effects of amphetamine on behavioural and EEG pattern of arrest reaction due to stimulation of the caudate nucleus were antagonized by 5-HTP and potentiated by PCPA. It is supposed that serotonergic mechanisms present in the ventro-lateral regions of the caudate nucleus can modulate stereotyped behaviour triggered by amphetamine.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed1978

[Effect of clozapine on the behavioral and electrographic indices of the arrest function of the caudate nucleus in cats].

In unrestrained cats clozapine in increasing doses (1--5 mg/kg) caused a behavioural depression and suppression of amphetamine-induced stereotypy of behaviour against the background of marked vegetative shifts. Similarly to chlorpromazine clozapine intensified the behavioural arrest reaction) and electrographic (neocortical caudate spindle) indices of the arrest function of the caudate nucleus. Arrest reaction changed more distinctly in stimulation of the ventral parts of the head of the nucleus. Clozapine also eliminated the weakening of the caudate responses caused by the stereotypical doses of amphetamine.

Amphetamine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of corazole on the functional activity of the caudate nucleus].

In chronic experiments with freely moving cats the action of diverse metrazol doses on the d,1-amphetamine-induced stereotype behaviour and the arrest reaction following low frequency stimulation of the caudate nucleus was studied. After injections of metrazol (20--30 mg/kg, i.c.) myoclonic seizure jerks and decreased locomotion occurred. This state was accompanied by depression of the stereotype behaviour and lowered arrest reaction threshold. It is suggested that some behavioural and the EEG metrazol-induced changes may come as a result of the caudate nucleus activation.

Amphetamine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of caudate nucleus stimulation on phenamine stereotypy in cats].

Large doses of d,1-amphetamine produce in cats a stereotype behaviour: its chronic administration results in low variability of the behaviour of one and the same animal and a stable set of motor automatisms. This makes it possible to use the cyclography for an objective estimation of the d,1-amphetamine-induced stereotypy. Low-frequency stimulation of the caudate nucleus head weakens or completely blocks the sterotype movements when current intensity is subthreshold for behavioral arrest reaction. The pecularities of the caudate control its similarity to the action of haloperidol and the absence of influence of the stimulation of the capsula interna and some thalamic nuclei on the stereotypy lead to the assumption that it is due to the depression of the inhibitory function of the caudate nucleus brought about by the intensification of the nigro-striatal dopaminergic transmission.

Amphetamine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of large doses of phenamine after previous administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan and para-chlorophenylalanine on the spontaneous behavior of cats and the effects induced by caudate nucleus stimulation].

In non-immobilized male cats the stereotypy behavior evoked by threshold doses of phenamine was registered cyclographically along with the motion arrest reaction, circular reaction and their electrographic "adjuncts" (cortical caudate-induced spindles and desynchronization). Against the background of 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HT), a serotonine precursor, and p-chlorphenylalanine (PCPA), an inhibitor of the mediator synthesis, phenamine produced stereotype in the formerly administered dose, but its picture changed. Under the effect of 5-HT the amplitude of the stereotypy movements declined, they would become better organized, whereas after administration of PCPA they would, on the contrary, assume a chaotic "unshackled" character. The ability of phenamine to upset the behavioral and electrographic characteristics of the caudate nucleus activity was somewhat attenuated by 5-HT and potentiated by PCPA. It is suggested that the release of serotonin in the ventral region of the caudate nucleus intensified by phenamine may be responsible for the limitation of the amplitude and regulating the nature of the stereotype movements evoked by it.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗