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Biomedical subjects

B Ackerman

Publications and source records attributed to B Ackerman.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Children's false memories: a test of the dissociability of cognitive and social processes.

In this reflection on "Fuzzy-Trace Theory and Children's False Memories" by Brainerd and Reyna (1998, this issue), I describe aspects of the historical and theoretical context of fuzzy-trace theory and the usefulness of fuzzy-trace theory in organizing false memory phenomena. I also suggest some limitations of fuzzy-trace theory concerning the representation of child intentionality and of social and affective phenomena.

Cognition↗
PubMed1997

The past, present, and future of lung transplantation.

BACKGROUND: The history of lung transplantation from the first human transplant performed in 1963 to the present is reviewed with particular focus on the added challenges because of the contaminated bronchus, exposure of the graft to airborne organisms, the poor blood supply to the bronchus, and the problem of reperfusion pulmonary edema. METHODS: The technical aspects of single and double sequential lung transplantation are reviewed, as are the current indications for single, double sequential, and heart/lung transplantation. Criteria for lung transplant recipients, in addition to their primary disease are noted, as are absolute and relative contraindications. The standard criteria for donor selection are also reviewed. RESULTS: The results of single, double sequential, and heart-lung transplantation over the past 10 years as reported by the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Database are reviewed. In addition, the statistics of the lung and heart-lung transplantation program at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center are reviewed, including the current immunosuppressive regimens and early and late monitoring for infection and rejection. This experience includes 3 early deaths in the first 53 patients for an operative mortality of 5.6%, with a 1-year actuarial survival of 90%. CONCLUSIONS: During the past decade remarkable improvement in the result of single and double sequential lung transplantation have occurred. As 1-year, actuarial survival is now approaching 90% at some institutions. Living related lobar transplantation, new antirejection agents, chimerism, and xenograft transplantation are areas for continuing and future investigation. The shortage in donor organ supply continues to be a very significant factor in limiting human lung transplantation.

Forecasting↗
PubMed1989

Sex differences in schizophrenia.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of 275 schizophrenics consecutively admitted to seven hospitals were examined. Males were younger than females when first hospitalized, diagnosed and treated. Psychiatrists rated on two rating scales by using a structured interview to compare the symptomatology. Female schizophrenics were more agitated, inappropriate, silly, irrelevant, over-talkative, and exhibiting more flight of ideas, while male schizophrenics were more slowed, hypoactive, grandiose, withdrawn, and showing more blocking, auditory hallucinations and poor communications. Katz Adjustment Scales were rated by the patients and their relatives. Female schizophrenics were perceived by relatives to be more helpless and withdrawn-depressed than male schizophrenics.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Interpretation of urine quantitative 11-nor-delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid to determine abstinence from marijuana smoking.

Verification of abstinence from cannabinoid use after initial identification requires documentation of falling quantitative levels of urinary 11-nor-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THC-COOH) over an extended time period. We present a case in which normalization of quantitative urinary THC-COOH results to urinary creatinine is required to correctly interpret a series of quantitative levels and confirm abstinence from marijuana smoking.

Creatinine↗
PubMed1989

Short-term psychological outcome of anterior temporal lobectomy.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the short-term behavioral and emotional effects of anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL). Forty-one patients who underwent ATL were administered a standardized measure of emotional adjustment (Mental Health Inventory) on four occasions: preoperatively, and 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Patients who were rendered totally seizure-free by ATL showed significant improvements on multiple indices of psychological distress and psychological well-being, improvement that continued up to 3 months after surgery and remained constant at 6 months postoperatively. Patients who were significantly improved (greater than 75% reduction in seizure frequency) but continued to experience some seizure activity showed no significant improvements in behavioral or emotional adjustment. The clinical and theoretical significance of these findings is discussed, and it is suggested that functional outcome (for instance, mental health) following ATL may be best predicted by a binary seizure outcome classification (seizure-free or not seizure-free).

Epilepsy↗
PubMed1989

Reduced incidental light exposure: effect on the development of retinopathy of prematurity in low birth weight infants.

In a recent study, it was reported that incidental lighting within the newborn intensive care unit setting may play a role in the development of retinopathy of prematurity. Consequently, the routine clinical management in the intensive care nursery at Yale-New Haven Hospital was modified to include shielding each premature infant's isolette, thereby decreasing the intensity of the nursery lights on an infant's eyes from a median light level of 55 foot-candles to 15 foot-candles. The effect of this reduction of light level on the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity in 161 premature infants was prospectively investigated. This group was then compared with a historic control group of 129 premature infants with similar characteristics who had been exposed to standard nursery lighting. There was no difference in the incidence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity between the two groups.

Connecticut↗
PubMed1984

Structural characterization of oligosaccharides by high-performance liquid chromatography, fast-atom bombardment-mass spectrometry, and exoglycosidase digestion.

A method for structural characterization of oligosaccharides after preparing uv-absorbing derivatives is described. The derivatives can be rapidly analyzed and purified by high-performance liquid chromatography, with separation of various structures determined primarily by size and sugar composition. Derivatization requires as little as 0.5-1.0 nmol of oligosaccharide, and detection of down to 50 pmol of oligosaccharide is possible by monitoring absorbance at 229 nm. In addition, the carbohydrate portion of the derivative was found to retain its sensitivity to exoglycosidases, allowing sequential enzymatic digestions for determination of sugar sequence and anomerity to be performed. The derivatives also possessed a site of potential positive charge, making them amenable to analysis by fast-atom bombardment-mass spectrometry. Permethylation of the derivatives permitted their separation by capillary gas chromatography, thus allowing investigation of their structures by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The combination of these techniques will allow almost the complete structure of small amounts of oligosaccharides to be determined.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1982

Endotoxemia and hyperbilirubinemia in the neonate.

One hundred twenty-five neonates with varying serum bilirubin levels were tested for endotoxin by the limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test. Neither infection nor hemolytic disease was a contributing factor to the bilirubin levels. As the serum bilirubin level rose, positive LAL tests increased in frequency until the LAL test attained 100% at a level of 13 mg/dL. Bilirubin at different concentrations did not elicit positive LAL tests in plasma or normal saline in vitro. The LAL test was positive in urine obtained by suprapubic aspiration in 50% of neonates with positive serum LAL tests. Although bilirubin and endotoxin are cleared independently by hepatic cells with different functions, a striking relationship is evident between the endotoxin and bilirubin levels in the neonate. Immaturity of physiological liver functions in the neonate plays an important role. The LAL test cannot be used as an indicator of Gram-negative sepsis in neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1975

A method of closed-chest cannulation of the left atrium for left atrial-femoral artery bypass.

A large-bore polyvinyl catheter was devised for passage into the left atrium by means of a modified transseptal catheterization technique. This was performed without difficulty using both pulsatile and nonpulsatile bypass in the closed-chest animal as well as in 3 terminally ill patients. Blood was drained from the left atrium and returned to the femoral artery through an extracorporeal circuit. The shock syndrome produced by coronary embolization in dogs was successfully managed in this fashion. The results of the clinical trials were encouraging. Assisted left heart circulation using a closed-chest left atrial-femoral artery bypass seems feasible by this technique.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Education under fire.

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Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate↗