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Biomedical subjects

B Akande

Publications and source records attributed to B Akande.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Massive lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage from abdominal tuberculosis.

This is a report of a 27-year-old Nigerian male who presented with massive lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage requiring seven units of whole blood to finally stabilize him. Physical examination and other laboratory investigations as well as sigmoidoscopy were not helpful in establishing a diagnosis. Barium enema had indicated a suspicious narrowing of the transverse colon which led to advising laparotomy. The definitive diagnosis was established following laparotomy and biopsy, histology of which revealed tuberculosis. Following the institution of anti-tuberculous therapy the patient's response was outstandingly remarkable.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Acidity and intestinal bacteria: an in-vitro assessment of the bactericidal activity of hydrochloric acid on intestinal pathogens.

The bactericidal activity of hydrochloric acid (HCl) on different intestinal bacteria was evaluated at various pH values and time intervals. The effect of HCl was highest at pH 2 and pH 3 on strains of Campylobacter jejuni, Aeromonas hydrophila, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp., producing complete killing after 60 min incubation. However, at higher pH values (pH 4 and above), these organisms not only survived but they also showed evidence of rapid multiplication. In contrast, clinical and standard strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were resistant to all the pH values. Highest sensitivity to HCl was observed with strains of Shigella spp. and Salmonella spp. It is conceivable that patients with normal gastric acidity should not suffer from gastroenteritis caused by these intestinal pathogens.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1989

Relationship between haemorrhoids and prostatism: results of a prospective study.

Haemorrhoids are less prevalent in Africans than their European counterparts due to consumption of high-residue diet and bulky stools resulting in less straining at stooling. Bowesman felt that most cases of haemorrhoids in the African were due to lower urinary obstruction. This study was carried out to find any cause and effect relationship between benign prostatic hypertrophy and haemorrhoids. Sixty-two elderly patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy were screened for haemorrhoids before and after prostatectomy. Twenty-five patients had haemorrhoids before operation. In 20 patients (80%) the haemorrhoids had regressed spontaneously 3 months after surgery. It is therefore important to recognise that the presence of haemorrhoids in elderly males may be due to prostatism.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Compressed air injury of the colon, a case report.

A case of compressed air injury to the bowel resulting in large bowel perforation necessitating resection is presented. The mechanism of injury is discussed and the attention of health care delivery personnel is drawn to this new type of industrial accident in Nigeria. The need for education of the workers handling compressed air appliances in a developing country like Nigeria is emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The changing pattern of cholelithiasis in Lagos.

Colo-rectal carcinoma, diverticular disease and cholecystitis which are prevalent in the industrialised world are very rare in the African population. The last two decades have, however witnessed a big socio-economic change with incorporation of western dietary items, especially in the Nigerian urban areas. Collection of 69 cases of cholecystitis over a five year period contrasts sharply with the earlier reports in Nigeria. The female to male ratio is 5.3 to 1. The age range is 10-66 years, median female 36.9 +/- 11.3 S.D., and male 49 +/- 7.1 S.D. Probable factors contributing to the increased occurrence may include increased admittance to hospitals, incorporation of the western dietary items in the diet of the urbanised Nigerians and oral contraceptive pills.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The role of substance P in the control of gastric acid secretion.

Experiments were performed to determine whether substance P plays a physiologic role as an enterogastrone. Basal substance P levels averaged 6.4 +/- 0.2 pg/ml in dogs prepared with gastric and duodenal fistulas. Infusion of substance P at 5 ng/kg/min increased circulating hormone concentrations by more than 1 pg/ml and inhibited pentagastrin-stimulated (4 micrograms/kg/hr) gastric acid secretion by 44% (from 10.9 +/- 1.8 to 6.1 +/- 1.6 mEq/30 min); a similar dose of substance P (7 ng/kg/min) did not alter gastrin levels from the basal level of 19.8 +/- 1.2 fmol/ml. Duodenal acidification (with 0.1N HCl at 5 ml/min for 10 minutes) similarly inhibited pentagastrin-stimulated gastric fistula output (from 8.2 +/- 0.9 to an average of 5.0 +/- 0.9 mEq/30 min for the 30 minutes after irrigation) but did not alter circulating substance P levels. Thus, although physiologic concentrations of substance P inhibit gastric fistula output, this peptide does not seem to be involved in the endogenous acid-mediated duodenal control of acid secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Pancreatic ascites.

A case of pancreatic ascites in an African is presented. It is a rare condition which is rapidly fatal. The diagnosis can be established if the clinician is aware of this condition; the significant finding is a grossly elevated ascitic fluid amylase.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Cholinergic modulation of substance P release.

This study was initiated to evaluate mechanisms of release of immunoreactive substance P into the peripheral circulation and to determine whether these mechanisms are subject to cholinergic modulation. In conscious dogs, a high-protein meal significantly increased plasma concentrations of immunoreactive substance P from basal levels of 13.7 +/- 1.8 pg/ml to a peak of 20.1 +/- 2.8 pg/ml after which they returned to baseline. Prior atropinization (200 mg/kg) abolished this response and lowered the plasma levels to a nadir of 2.2 pg/ml at 20 min. Similarly, infusion of bombesin (17 ng/kg/min) increased peripheral venous substance P levels by 768 +/- 155 pg-min/ml for 120 min, whereas after prior treatment with atropine, bombesin released no significant amounts of this peptide (-10 +/- 134 pg-min/ml). The data support the concept that substance P release is under cholinergic control.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Radioimmunoassay measurement of substance P release following a meat meal.

We report the development of a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for substance P based on a new extraction technique for this peptide. In this technique, substance P-like immunoreactivity (SPLI) was extracted from midly acidified plasma successively with 0.05M ammonium sulfate and ethanol; recovery was almost quantitative (89.5 +/- 3.2%) and was independent of concentration. Basal substance P levels averaged 22 +/- 3 pg/ml in 33 dogs. Following initiation of a high-protein meal, mean SPLI levels in three dogs (in a total of 12 experiments) increased significantly from 26 +/- 3 to a peak of 37 +/- 4 pg/ml at 15 minutes, after which they slowly returned to the initial levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Role of pancreatic polypeptide in canine gastric acid secretion.

The interrelationships of canine pancreatic polypeptide (cPP) and gastric acid secretion were studied in dogs following infusion of histamine or pentagastrin. Pentagastrin stimulated gastric acid release 30-fold and simultaneously increased plasma cPP secretion by an average of 120 pg/ml. Although histamine stimulated gastric acid secretion to a comparable degree, it had no effect on plasma cPP levels. Three mechanisms of inhibition of acid secretion (cimetidine, duodenal acidification, and somatostatin) had different effects on pancreatic polypeptide (PP) levels. With a background infusion of pentagastrin, cimetidine did not affect cPP levels. In contrast, somatostatin dramatically inhibited both gastric fistula output and cPP release. Finally, a 10-min duodenal irrigation with 0.1 N HCl resulted in a brief spike in cPP levels (from 266 +/- 12 to 347 +/- 31 pg/ml) at the time of greatest inhibition of histamine-stimulated acid secretion. Infusions of histamine + porcine pancreatic polypeptide (pPP) at concentrations of 1.0 and 2.25 microgram/kg per h and of pentagastrin + pPP at 2.25 microgram/kg per h closely simulated postprandial cPP levels (mean 1306 +/- 18 pg/ml at 30 min) but produced no change in gastric fistula output. These studies demonstrated that PP levels and rates of gastric acid secretion are unrelated and that at physiologic concentrations PP plays no significant role in the regulation of gastric acid secretion.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isolation of Campylobacter pyloridis from Nigerian patients with gastroduodenal pathology.

Recent reports have indicated that Campylobacter pyloridis may be a causative factor in upper digestive pathology. Gastric and duodenal biopies were taken from 144 patients undergoing upper digestive endoscopy as part of investigation for dyspeptic symptoms at the Endoscopy Unit of Lagos University Teaching Hospital between October, 1985 and November, 1986 employing ACMI gastroduodenoscope model TX-7. The first 50 specimens were placed in 3 ml of Brain Heart infusion and taken to the Microbiology Laboratory of the Teaching Hospital within 1 hour. The liquid culture medium with specimens were incubated for 5 days in a candle jar at 37 degrees C, after which a loopful of the liquid culture medium was streaked onto blood agar plates and incubated under the same conditions for another 5 days. The Gram staining of two biopsy smears from the last 85 specimens showed Gram negative spiral shaped organisms. These last 85 specimens were plated on chocolate agar. All plates were incubated at 37 degrees C in a candle jar. Two (2.35%) out of the 85 specimens were positive Campylobacter pyloridis. The positive strains were Gram negative and were spiral' shaped. They were oxidase and catalase positive. The strains produced DNase and hydrolysed urea in Christensen's medium. They did not hydrolyse hippurate and were resistant to nalidixic acid but sensitive to cephalothin discs. Our findings of two positive out of 85 plated would suggest that this microorganism may not be a major contributor to the development of gastritis in Nigerians.

Adolescent↗