PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

B B Nielsen

Publications and source records attributed to B B Nielsen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Reversibility of alcohol-induced immune depression.

Alcohol abusers have suppressed cellular immune function. The aim of the study was to investigate the time of sobriety required to normalize immune function. Delayed hypersensitivity was investigated during disulfiram controlled abstinence in ten heavy alcoholics and in seven moderate drinkers without liver diseases. For comparison a control group of eight previous drinkers was tested. The skin test responses were modest initially with a median area of response of 12 mm2 (range 0-31) in the heavy alcoholics and 3 mm2 (0-15) in the moderate drinkers. It improved significantly in both groups after two weeks of sobriety. The responses stabilized after 8 weeks at 74 mm2 (54-102) in the heavy alcoholics and after 9 weeks at 63 mm2 (42-76) in the moderate drinking group. The control group had skin test responses of 70 mm2 (46-87), not different from the responses of the alcohol groups after two months of abstinence. The results suggest that while 2 weeks of abstinence from alcohol will improve the depressed cellular immunity, 2 months of sobriety is necessary to normalize it.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Instruments that measure beliefs about cancer from a cultural perspective.

Understanding beliefs about cancer from a cultural perspective is of great importance as the population mix of this country continues to shift and change. In order to assess the cancer beliefs held by diverse populations, culturally specific tools are needed. The purpose of this article is to identify and describe instruments that have been used to assess beliefs about cancer. Eight published and unpublished instruments were identified from a review of the literature. These tools address attitudes and beliefs toward cancer, cancer prevention, and cancer treatment within a variety of age groups and ethnic populations. One tool was related to adolescents, whereas the remainder focused on adults; three were translated into other languages; four tools involved questionnaire format and four interview format. Although it is encouraging to report that culturally specific tools are being developed, there is a demonstrated need to increase the expertise in developing such instruments.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1991

Increasing the cancer screening of the medically underserved in south Florida.

Diagnosis and treatment of cancers at advanced stages have contributed to a significantly lower survival rate among individuals of low socioeconomic status compared with those in higher brackets. In an effort to increase the accessibility and acceptability of cancer screening among such individuals in Dade County, Florida, the Cancer Control Division of the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami School of Medicine initiated a pilot early detection program in 1987. The program initially provided breast cancer screening for women, aged 40 and older, who attended ten community health care centers located in low-income neighborhoods. With the selection of Miami by the American Cancer Society as one of three sites for conducting a screening demonstration project for the socioeconomically disadvantaged, this program has recently been expanded to include pelvic screening for women, aged 40 and older, and prostate screening for men, aged 65 and older.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Breast cancer screening.

Screening for breast cancer is receiving increased emphasis with the development of modern technology. Health care providers must inform the public that screening for breast cancer may increase survival. Legislation must be enacted to ensure that a screening examination is affordable and can be readily obtained upon referral. The message to both health care professionals and the public must be positive. Early detection is the best protection in breast cancer.

Aftercare↗
PubMed1991

Isolation of a Salmonella-specific DNA hybridization probe.

A Salmonella-specific DNA fragment of the Salmonella typhimurium LT2 chromosome has been isolated. The fragment (2.3 kilobases (kb)) was used as a probe in a colony hybridization assay, where 185 strains of 93 different Salmonella serovars were correctly identified as belonging to Salmonella. The specificity of the probe was evaluated in colony hybridization assays on pure cultures of non-Salmonella bacteria and on specimens with an indigenous flora. Sixty-three strains of 34 non-Salmonella Gram-negative species did not hybridize to the fragment. By DNA hybridization to faecal samples from calves, pigs and chickens, and samples of animal feed, three samples out of 10 positive by traditional culture methods gave negative results by hybridization, 45 samples were negative in both methods, while one sample was positive only in the hybridization assay. From this sample, Salmonella livingstone was isolated by a replica plate hybridization technique. The probe therefore proved 100% specific for the genus Salmonella. The 2.3 kb fragment may form the basis of hybridization assays for specific detection of Salmonella in food, environmental and clinical specimens.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Limited-time admissions for observation at the Psychiatric Hospital for Children in Risskov during the period 1 January 1984-31 December 1986].

The present article describes experience with admissions for observation for limited periods in the Psyciatric Hospital for Children in Risskov. Admissions of this type were introduced in 1984 in Risskov and this is hitherto the only place in Denmark where this is done. The case records of 75 children admitted during the period 1.1.1984-31.12.1986 were reviewed as regards the pattern of referral, the problems on admission and placing on discharge. The durations of these admissions were 4-5 weeks and the structure of these admissions for limited periods is described in this article. The value of this form of hospitalization is emphasized. Maintenance of the child's relationships to the home and school, efficiency of the working routine and improved sorting out of children for long-term hospitalization are emphasized as important arguments. Finally, it is recommended that all departments for child psychiatry with residential units should have the possibility of admitting children for limited periods as part of extended outpatient investigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Young men's knowledge of AIDS. Development from June 1987 to January 1989].

The changes in young men's knowledge about AIDS were investigated in January 1989 by means of questionnaires, and compared with a similar investigation in June 1987. The answers to the questionnaires were voluntary and anonymous. Three hundred and six persons took part in the 1989-investigation. The investigation shows improved knowledge of AIDS and improved knowledge of the symptoms of AIDS. A greater percentage had received information about AIDS in school. 71% had attempted to use a condom compared to 45% in 1987. Furthermore, 96% knew that condoms provide protection from AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Certification for oncology nurses: maturing of a discipline.

Certification for oncology nurses shares many similarities with board certification in medicine. Within the specialty of oncology nursing, certification provides one measure of excellence and signals a commitment to oncology nursing practice. Since the beginning of oncology nursing certification in 1986, over 7,200 nurses have become certified. This article describes the certification process for oncology nurses and discusses ways in which physicians can assist in this process.

Certification↗
PubMed1990

Fibroadenomatoid hyperplasia of the male breast.

A 69-year-old man with congestive heart failure who had been treated with digoxin for 27 years and spironolactone for 4 years developed bilateral gynecomastia. Excised tissue contained multiple nodules. Histologically, the nodules showed a structural pattern corresponding to fibroadenoma of the female breast. This lesion, called "fibroadenomatoid hyperplasia," is probably caused by treatment with spironolactone. The lesion has not previously been described in tissue from the male breast.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1990

The prevalence of plasmids in Danish bovine and human isolates of Salmonella dublin.

Nine different plasmid profiles were demonstrated among 135 Danish isolates of Salmonella dublin, with 58% of the strains enclosed in the major profile group. Two strains did not carry any plasmids. The plasmid profiles of 129 strains (96%) were made up of one or more of only four plasmids of approximate sizes 98 kb, 80 kb, 4.0 kb, and 3.8 kb. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of different plasmid profile groups between isolates from cattle and man. The serovar-specific and virulence-associated 80 kb plasmid could be demonstrated in all plasmid carrying strains, but one strain carried this plasmid at a very low copy number. Five of 47 strains tested showed resistance to antibiotics (2 to sulphathiazole, 2 to streptomycin, and 1 to streptomycin and tetracycline). Only the combined streptomycin/tetracycline resistance was transferable by a 48 kb conjugative plasmid.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Advances in breast cancer. Implications for nursing care.

The role of the nurse in the care of patients with breast cancer is changing because of the many options available for medical management of the disease. Breast cancer is a treatable disease. Patients survive many years. Throughout the treatment process, patients and families may be faced with numerous decisions involving initial treatment and adjuvant therapy as well as the treatment of metastatic disease. Involvement of the patient and caregiver are crucial in this process, and they must be assisted and supported by nurses who are knowledgeable about the options and the rationale behind each of the treatment options. If this disease continues to occur in 1 out of 10 women, most nurses will be involved with some aspect of the disease either personally or professionally.

Breast↗
PubMed1989

Abdominal abscess following asymptomatic pelvic osteomyelitis. Case report.

In a 23-year-old woman, an intramuscular abscess of the ventral abdominal wall in the right iliac fossa was found to have an extraperitoneal fistula to a focus of asymptomatic osteomyelitis of the iliac ala. Pelvic osteomyelitis should be suspected in cases of abdominal wall abscess without pathologic intra-abdominal findings.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1989

The nurse's role in mammography screening.

Black women in Dade Country have a substantially higher proportion of advanced breast cancer at diagnosis than white women. To shift the stage at diagnosis from later to earlier, a Cancer Early Detection Program was initiated in the fall of 1987. This program involves screening with low-cost mammography, physical breast examination, and instruction in self-breast examination as well as general cancer education about prevention, early detection, and health promotion. The educational programs are presented in conjunction with the local unit of the American Cancer Society. A mobile mammography van travels to Primary Health Care Centers to provide mammograms to a population with limited access to preventive health care. This article describes the development and implementation of the program. It focuses on the responsibilities of an oncology nurse who coordinates and directs the program. Recommendations are made for ways oncology nurses can assume expanded roles in cancer screening/early detection.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1987

Adenosis tumour of the breast--a clinicopathological investigation of 27 cases.

Twenty-seven cases of palpable and/or tumour-forming adenosis in the female breast, called adenosis tumour, have been investigated. It is a rare lesion, which most often presents as a breast mass that clinically and histologically is sometimes misinterpreted as carcinoma. The majority of patients were under the age of 45 years. Grossly, most tumours were firm or elastic and showed a grey or greyish-white cut surface. Furthermore, seven (26%) were granular and nine (34%) were microcystic, whereas none showed chalky streaks. Microscopically, 20 cases were poorly circumscribed and seven cases were well circumscribed. In contradistinction to the often uniform growth pattern of tubular carcinoma, the adenosis tumours characteristically showed adenosis arranged in a mixture of eight different growth patterns. The most frequent and also most extensive growth pattern was classical sclerosing adenosis and the least frequent was tubular adenosis. Another conspicuous feature in adenosis tumours was patchy growth in contrast to the stellate configuration of tubular carcinoma which is the most likely differential diagnosis. Other findings separating adenosis tumours from carcinomas were microcysts (93%), apocrine metaplasia (63%), luminal histiocytes (52%) and pseudopapillomas, called glomeruloid structures (48%). Epithelial changes that could cause anxiety about malignancy were frequently found and comprised epithelial hyperplasia (44%), epithelial atypia (26%) and fat or nerve infiltration (30%). Three patients were subjected to unnecessary mastectomy because of incorrectly diagnosed adenosis tumours. Adenosis tumours and non-infiltrating carcinoma were found together in five cases, but their association is probably over represented due to selection. None of 18 pure adenosis tumours solely treated by excision had recurred at follow-up 1-9 years later (mean 3.75 years).

Adult↗