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Biomedical subjects

B B Weybrew

Publications and source records attributed to B B Weybrew.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

MMPI patterns of physically and psychologically dependent drug abusers.

Comparison of the MMPI profiles of psychologically dependent (N = 20) and physically dependent drug abusers indicated that as compared to control groups the former group were characterized by high anxiety scores and the latter group by low scores on the same MMPI scale. The MMPI subtest patterns also suggest that the major defense mechanisms of the psychologically dependent group were denial and repression whereas those of the physically dependent drug abusers were hypochondriacal and hypomanic in nature. Tentative evidence suggests that the former drug-abuse group tends to respond more favourably to psychotherapeutic intervention than does the latter group.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Relationship of personality factors and some social habits to cardiovascular risk in submariners.

Correlational and contingency analytical techniques were used to investigate the relationship between subtest scores on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors in 1000 submariners. Groups of personality traits, both enhancing and protecting against risk of heart disease, were identified in these subjects. Personality trait patterns tending to be least associated with cardiovascular risk are tentatively identified by the three MMPI scales: psychasthenia, schizophrenia, and social introversion. On the other hand, the scales most strongly related to CHD risk in the submariner sample were denial of symptoms as measured by the K-scale, hypochondriasis, and hysteria. While the inherent inaccuracy in the prediction of CHD risk in young healty individuals limits generalization from these findings, the potential utility of the MMPI to assist in risk detection is indicated. Comparisons of cigarette smoking, coffee drinking, and alcohol consumption with personality characteristics identified by the MMPI yielded trait clusters associated with each addictive habit. Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption tended to correlate with traits positively associated with CHD risk. The correlations between those addictive habits and MMPI subtest scores were most significant for the F-scale, which measures inordinate tendencies to exaggerated emotional symptoms, and for the psychopathic deviate and hypomania scales. Significant negative correlations were found between the amount of coffee consumed and those personality traits negatively associated wit CHD risk. These negative relationships were most significant for the MMPI scales schizophrenia and psychasthenia. Though the relationships were not necessarily construed to be causal, the contrasting modes through which these drug-associated habits appeared to relate to cardiovascular risk lend some support to the assumption that individuals with various specific sets of personality characteristics tend to incorporate these additive behaviors into their behavior repertoire in very different ways.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Psychiatric aspects of adaptation to long submarine missions.

The case histories of 261 submarines disqualified psychiatrically for further submarine duty revealed that the major symptomatology was emotional in nature, with character pathology second in frequency. The latter pathology resulted in disqualification much earlier than the former, a fact indicative of effective neurotic defenses. The submariners who show these slow-developing neurotic symptoms appear to be reacting maladaptively to the stresses of the 60-d submarine patrols. Some etiological factors appear to be related to the role of man occupies within the crew, to the nature of the mission itself and, perhaps, to the length of the submarine patrols.

Educational Status↗
PubMed1979

Attitude changes during and after long submarine missions.

To assess the kind and degree of attitude changes occurring during a 2-month submerged mission, two enlisted crews of one fleet ballistic missile submarine (FBM) (n = 101 each) were administered the Submarine Attitude Questionnaire before and after two 55-day submerged missions interspersed with a rehabilitation period of the same duration. Results showed that time-in-service and pay grade bore a U-shaped relationship to positive attitudes toward the service. During submergence, most attitudes became negative and then reversed polarity during rehabilitation. However, there were no cumulative effects upon attitudes during successive missions. Attitudes pertaining to the realities of the mission (for example, boredom, hazardous aspects) became more negative but recovered faster. On the other hand, attitude changes related to long-range expectancies in terms of goal achievement of the crew members were less likely to recover. Several possible explanations for these attitude changes are discussed in the context of the mission of the FBM submarine. Suggestions for preventing or alleviating untoward attitude changes during long submarine missions are also presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Diver adaptability during a nitrox saturation dive at 7 ATA.

The major objective of this study was to demonstrate the advantages of transforming raw scores to ipsative form (deviation scores calculated around each subject's mean), particularly in diver research characteristically involving small subject samples in a self-control design. Measures of reaction time, response accuracy, anxiety, hostility, and depression were obtained from three U.S. Navy divers (Ss) during a nitrox saturation dive at 7 ATA (bottom time 7 days). It was argued and to some extent demonstrated that normative (interindividual) statistics obscure individual differences which are clearly delineated with the scores in ipsative form. Further, this score transformation allowed for meaningful between-Ss (same measure) and between-measures (same S) comparisons. These relationships could not be demonstrated with the scores in normative form. Application of P-technique of factor analysis within each S's arrays of data suggested that the characteristic adaptive patterns of two Ss in this study reacted to the pressure-stress by directing affect inward; for the third S, affect was directed outward. However, none of the 20 scales from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory clearly discriminated among the three adaptive types.

Adult↗