PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

B Bake

Publications and source records attributed to B Bake.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Lung function in workers exposed to soft paper dust.

In a cross-sectional study, 13 nonsmoking men with heavy exposure to paper dust were compared with 14 unexposed men, mainly office workers, employed at the same paper mill. They were studied using questionnaires, physical examinations, pulmonary function studies, and chest radiographs. Among those exposed there was an increased lung elastic recoil pressure (Pel) compared with controls which was significant (p less than 0.05) at the maximal level of total lung capacity (100% TLC). Furthermore, among the exposed workers there was also a significantly (p less than 0.05) decreased residual volume (RV). Two of the exposed men underwent lung biopsies, one of which showed fibrotic alveolar walls. Among the exposed there was also a significant (p less than 0.05) predominance of symptoms from the lower respiratory tract. We suggest that the observed pulmonary function impairment taken together with the histological examination of the lung biopsies are signs of a nonspecific reaction to high levels of paper dust.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effects of cold on ST amplitudes and blood pressure during exercise in angina pectoris.

To investigate the mechanisms of cold susceptibility in angina pectoris nine male angina patients were studied. All were cold susceptible by history and had developed ischaemic ST changes during a previous exercise test. The patients underwent two additional bicycle exercise tests, one in a cold chamber with an average temperature of -8 degrees C, and the other at room temperature. The ECG was computer analysed and the intra-arterial blood pressure was measured. No significant decrease in work capacity was found during exercise in the cold chamber. In the cold, systolic blood pressure was consistently higher throughout the test and in seven of nine subjects ST depression was more pronounced at corresponding workloads. ST depression was also analysed versus heart work which was assessed as rate pressure product. In the cold, 1 mm ST depression appeared at a somewhat higher rate pressure product when compared to room temperature. It was concluded, therefore, that an augmented heart work, secondary to substantial increases in blood pressure, appears to account for the cold-induced increase in ST depression found in the angina patients in this study.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Density dependence of expiratory flow--a useful basis for lung function tests?

The aim of this investigation was to study the density dependence of forced expiratory flow and the ability of tests based on density dependence to disclose smoking-induced small airways dysfunction. The lung function of 212 systematically sampled men (mean age 40.3; range 30-48 years) was studied by recording flow-volume curves during air or helium-oxygen (HeOx) breathing and by the single breath N2-test. Density dependence was expressed as the percentage increase in flow from air to HeOx when 50 and when 25% of the vital capacity (VC) remained to be expelled (dMEF50 and dMEF25). The mean dMEF50 in 59 healthy non-smokers was 40% (range +7 to +72) and the mean dMEF25 24% (range -20 to +63). Density dependence apparently decreased with relative lung volume and also with increasing age. Despite the wide variation of density dependence in the reference group, dMEF50 was on average significantly reduced in smokers, and dMEF25 in ex-smokers and subjects with symptoms such as cough and/or sputum production, wheezing unrelated to common colds and dyspnea when walking on level ground. However, only 8% of the smokers exhibited 'abnormal' density dependence (dMEF25 less than (predicted value--2RSD] as compared to 11 and 33% for the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and dN2 (alveolar slope). If abnormal dN2 in the smoking group is taken to indicate smoking-induced small airway dysfunction, then the ability of dMEF50 and dMEF25 to disclose such dysfunction is limited.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Nasal mucosal blood flow after intranasal allergen challenge.

The nasal mucosal blood flow in patients with allergic rhinitis was determined at nasal allergen challenges with the 133Xenon washout method. Determinations were made in 12 subjects before and 15 minutes after challenge with diluent and increasing doses of allergen. The time course was followed in eight subjects by means of repeated measurements during 1 hour after a single allergen dose. Finally, the blood flow was measured after unilateral allergen challenge in the contralateral nasal cavity. A dose-dependent decrease in blood flow was found after nasal challenge with increasing doses of allergens, whereas challenge with diluent alone did not induce any changes. The highest allergen dose, which also induced pronounced nasal symptoms, resulted in a decrease in blood flow of 25% (p less than 0.001). The time-course study demonstrated a maximum decrease in blood flow 10 to 20 minutes after challenge and then a gradual return to baseline. Unilateral allergen challenge resulted in a decrease in blood flow in the contralateral, unchallenged nasal cavity, suggesting that part of the allergen-induced changes in blood flow were reflex mediated.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Influence of halo vest treatment on vital capacity.

Respiratory function (vital capacity) was studied in 20 consecutive patients with unstable cervical spine injuries treated with a halo vest. Eight patients were neurologically intact. Twelve patients had incomplete spinal cord injuries that were classified on a neurologic function scale (Sunny-brook) immediately and 3 months after injury. Spirometric tests were done within 1 week of halo vest fixation, after 3 months of treatment, and 1 week after dismounting of the halo vest. The results showed that initial vital capacity was smaller than predicted normal in all patients and 30% less in neurologically impaired patients. Both groups improved during the treatment and somewhat more after removal of the halo vest. In neurologically intact patients, the halo vest caused a respiratory restriction of 10%, which was fully regained after removal of the halo vest. The difference between the groups remained throughout the study. There was no evidence that the halo vest itself affects the vital capacity more in patients with incomplete cord lesions than in neurologically intact patients. All of the cervical spine injuries healed uneventfully.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Occurrence of breathing problems induced by cold climate in asthmatics--a questionnaire survey.

To obtain information on the extent and severity of asthmatic symptoms during daily life in winter, a simple questionnaire was sent to 57 asthmatic patients and a control group of 180 age-matched men and women in Göteborg. The average winter temperature there is about freezing point. About two-thirds of the asthmatic patients reported cold to be a factor causing breathing difficulties. In 37%, these symptoms made the patients avoid going out during the winter. Cold, damp air was reported by the asthmatic patients to cause more symptoms than cold, dry air. The control group reported very few respiratory symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Mortality related to smoking habits, respiratory symptoms and lung function.

The relationship between smoking habits, respiratory symptoms and lung function at the start of the study and mortality during a follow-up period of 11 years was studied in 607 men, aged 50 and 60 years at entry and sampled from the general population. The overall mortality rate in the sample was 18%. In a logistic multiple regression model, mortality rate was significantly related to age, smoking habits, dyspnea and one of the lung function variables FEV1, VC or the slope of phase III. Smokers had a double mortality rate compared to non-smokers (22 versus 10%) after allowing for age, dyspnea and lung function. Similarly, in subjects with abnormal FEV1, VC or slope of phase III, the mortality rate was almost doubled compared to subjects with normal lung function, other factors being equal. Thus, impaired lung function is an important factor to be considered in the assessment of mortality risk, besides smoking and dyspnea.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Radiographic appearance and lung function after non-malignant pleural effusion.

In order to study factors associated with changes in radiographic appearance and lung function after pleural effusion, we investigated 178 consecutive patients with non-malignant pleural effusion. At the initial examination etiology, smoking habits, asbestos exposure, ESR, blood eosinophils, size of effusion and other X-ray lesions were registered. At a 3-year follow-up, chest radiographs and lung function values were obtained and the association with the initially registered factors was evaluated. At follow-up, 20% of the patients had developed major additional X-ray lesions and/or significantly reduced lung function. Prognostically unfavourable factors were idiopathic etiology as compared to infectious, medium and large-size effusions and initial radiographs showing converging pleural linear structures and/or rounded atelectasis as compared to no or minor radiographic lesions. Converging pleural linear structures and rounded atelectasis were seen almost exclusively in association with idiopathic effusions. The obvious differences noted between patients with idiopathic and infectious effusions suggest that these effusions represent separate clinical entities.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1987

Clinical consequences of inadequate inhalation technique in asthma therapy.

The FEV1-increase after inhalation of a beta 2-stimulant metered-dose aerosol was studied in 23 patients treated by specialists. The effect of their spontaneous inhalation technique was compared with that of controlled inhalation, which was optimised by means of a device controlling the breathing pattern and release of the metered-dose aerosol. This allowed quantitative assessment of the loss of bronchodilatation caused by the spontaneous inhalation technique. Thirteen patients who were observed to make inhalation errors showed a significant loss of bronchodilatation (30%), whereas ten patients who were observed to make no inhalation errors showed an insignificant loss of bronchodilatation (13%). It is concluded that when a metered-dose aerosol is used in general clinical practice there is a considerable loss of potential efficacy.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1986

Effects of divided doses of a bronchodilator aerosol and the intervening time interval on the forced expiration.

Twelve patients with bronchial asthma participated in a blind, randomized, crossover study comparing the effects of 500 micrograms terbutaline in one inhalation, 125 micrograms in four inhalations taken in rapid succession, and 125 micrograms in four inhalations taken with an intervening time interval of 30 min. There were no significant differences between the three modes of inhalation of 500 micrograms terbutaline in any of the spirometric variables, i.e., 1-second forced expiratory volume, forced vital capacity, and maximal airflows when 50 and 75% of the forced vital capacity was exhaled from the total lung capacity. However, there were neither any significant differences between the levels of bronchodilation reached after administration of 500 micrograms and 2 or 3 X 125 micrograms terbutaline with an intervening time interval of 30 min. The time interval between the divided doses was possibly too long to achieve maximum accumulated effect of the four divided doses.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1986

The single breath N2-test predicts the rate of decline in FEV1. The study of men born in 1913 and 1923.

The single breath N2-test and spirometry were carried out on two occasions 7 years apart in 460 men, 50 and 60 years old and sampled from the general population. We analyzed the relationship between the rate of decline in FEV1 during the follow-up and the steepness of the slope of phase III at the start of the study. The results showed an association between an increased rate of decline in FEV1 during the follow-up period and a steep slope of phase III at the start of the study, allowing for age, smoking habits and FEV1 at the start of the study (p less than 0.001). An increase in the slope of phase III from e.g. 1.0 to 4.0% N2/l in moderate smokers was found to predict an increase in the rate of decline in FEV1 by 50%.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Severe airway obstruction caused by laryngeal rheumatoid arthritis.

Ankylosis of the cricoarytenoid joints due to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may cause upper airway obstruction by fixation of the vocal cords in the midline. In early stages, this condition usually results in minor symptoms which are easily overlooked. It may, however, very rapidly, e.g., in association with an upper respiratory tract infection, become life-threatening. It is essential to diagnose this condition early to avoid emergency situations. In 5 patients with classic RA and in one patient with juvenile RA severe laryngeal obstruction was operated on using a new simple technique consisting of a mobilization of the arytenoid cartilages and laterofixation of one of the vocal cords.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Impaired lung function in patients with IgA deficiency and low levels of IgG2 or IgG3.

We examined the relation between serum levels of IgG subclasses and lung function, as determined by spirometry, lung volumes, the single-breath nitrogen test, and static recoil pressures, in 29 patients with IgA deficiency and repeated upper or lower respiratory tract infections. Four of the patients had decreased levels of IgG2, and two had decreased levels of IgG3. Two or more lung-function values were abnormal in each of these six patients and also in three others with normal levels of IgG subclasses. Low levels of IgG2 and IgG3 were significantly related to abnormal lung function (P less than 0.01). The 20 patients with normal lung function all had IgG-subclass levels above the lower range. There may be a causal relation between low levels of IgG subclasses and deterioration in lung function, suggesting that patients with combined IgA and IgG-subclass deficiencies may benefit from immunoglobulin prophylaxis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Improved red blood cell survival after cardiac operations with administration of urea during cardiopulmonary bypass.

The plasma hemoglobin and red blood cell survival (half-life of 51Cr) was studied in 48 patients undergoing single valve replacement or coronary artery bypass graft. Urea or placebo was administered during cardiopulmonary bypass in a prospective, randomized, double-blind manner to test the potential effect on mechanical hemolysis. The mean plasma hemoglobin level at the end of extracorporeal circulation was significantly lower in the urea-treated groups (coronary artery bypass 342 mg/L; valve replacement 364 mg/L) than in the control groups (coronary artery bypass 635 mg/L, p less than 0.05; valve replacement 518 mg/L, p less than 0.01). The half-life of 51Cr was significantly longer in the urea-treated patients (coronary artery bypass 18 days; valve replacement 16 days) than in the control groups (coronary artery bypass 12.4 days, p less than 0.01; valve replacement 12.7 days, p less than 0.001) but still below the normal reference value (29 +/- 4 days). The plasma hemoglobin returned to near normal values (50 mg/L) the day after operation (day 1) and remained low with no differences between control and urea-treated groups. The total blood hemoglobin was followed for 2 weeks after operation and showed significantly less anemia in the urea-treated group. The lowest mean blood hemoglobin level was noted between days 5 and 9-114 (coronary artery bypass) and 107 (valve replacement) gm/L in the urea-treated patients compared to 92.3 (coronary artery bypass, p less than 0.01) and 92.2 (valve replacement, p less than 0.01) gm/L in the control subjects. The reduction in the severity of the anemia led to less transfusion in the urea-treated patients (approximately 0.5 unit/patient) than in the control subjects (approximately 1 unit/patient, p less than 0.05) between days 3 and 14.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1979

Prediction of postoperative hypoxemia in smokers and non-smokers.

Age, weight, spirometric variables, peak expiratory flow and airway closure assessments were correlated to postoperative gas exchange in 40 cholecystectomized subjects grouped according to smoking history. Pao2 was significantly lower in the smoking group both pre- and postoperatively, but the decrease in Pao2 following operation was of the same magnitude irrespective of smoking history. In non-smokers, the preoperative relationship between expiratory reserve volume and closing volume (ERV-CV) showed the highest correlation to postoperative alveolar-arterial oxygen difference P(A-a)o2 (r = -0.88, P less than 0.001) and to the increase of P(A-a)o2 following operation (r = -0.67, P less than 0.001), whereas age was found to be the best preoperative predictor of postoperative gas exchange in smokers.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency: genetic, clinical and functional correlations in a three generation family.

alpha1-antitrypsin (alpha1-AT) deficiency is a hereditary condition transmitted as an autosomal codominant trait. Fully deficient homozygotes develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at an early age. It remains controversial whether heterozygotes develop some degree of airway disease at an early age which results in severe obstructive disease later in life. We studied 12 alpha1-AT-deficient members of a family spanning three generations by extensive pulmonary function tests, clinical history and genetic determinations. 3 of the subjects were homozygotes and showed important clinical and lung function abnormalities by the age of 30. Two out of 9 heterozygotes, a female and a male, had decreased dynamic compliance, elevated closing volume and low PaO2. 3 showed clinical and physiological abnormalities (elevation in functional residual capacity and residual volume, low FEV1/FVC and elevated closing volume); however, these alterations could be attributed to their smoking habits or concomitant medical condition. The remaining 4 subjects were normal. None of the heterozygotes showed alterations in the static elastic recoil of the lung or static compliance.

Adolescent↗