PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

B Bake

Publications and source records attributed to B Bake.

154 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Glucose and insulin infusion directly after cardiac surgery: effects on systemic glucose uptake, catecholamine excretion, O2 consumption, and CO2 production.

Systemic glucose uptake was studied in 31 patients during 4 hr starting 1 hr after open heart surgery, using the hyperinsulinemic "clamp" technique at different plasma insulin levels and at a glucose concentration of 6 or 10 mmol/liter. Possible metabolic side effects related to the glucose uptake were studied by measurements of urinary catecholamine excretion, O2 consumption, CO2 production, and arterial PCO2. A peak systemic glucose uptake of 7.0 +/- 0.4 mg/kg body weight/min was found at a plasma insulin concentration of 3192 +/- 150 mU/liter and a blood glucose concentration of 10.2 +/- 0.1 mmol/liter. No significant difference was found in urinary catecholamine excretion compared to control patients. O2 consumption was unaltered while a 15% increase in CO2 production was observed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laryngeal obstruction after Teflon injection.

Respiratory effects of injection of teflon were studied in twelve patients with unilateral vocal cord paralysis by determination of the orolaryngeal airway resistance (Rol). Ordinary spirometry and flow volume loops were also performed but were found to be less adequate than determination of Rol. Within the first week postoperatively, Rol increased by on average about 75%. Only one patient had clinical symptoms of laryngeal obstruction. One month after the injection of teflon, Rol was in all patients the same as preoperatively. It is concluded that teflon injection should be used with caution in patients with severe respiratory impairment but could be used without fear of induced future respiratory effects in patients with progressive pulmonary disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of glypressin on human nasal mucosa.

The effect of intravenous and topical glypressin, a triglycyl hormonogen of vasopressin, on the nasal mucosa was evaluated in healthy subjects. A dose-dependent reduction of nasal blood flow resulted from both intravenous and topical glypressin. The effect of the latter in gel form lasted 2 hours. Glypressin was also found to decongest the nasal mucosa. Topical application of glypressin gel might be an alternative to conventional treatment with intranasal packing in nose-bleed.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reflex activation in allergen-induced nasal mucosal vascular reactions.

Subjects with allergic rhinitis were challenged unilaterally with diluent and increasing doses of allergen. Challenge with the highest dose of allergen was also carried out after topical anesthesia of the nasal cavity using lidocaine. In the contralateral, unprovoked nasal cavity the mucosal blood flow was determined using the 133Xenon wash-out technique and the nasal airway resistance was determined by rhinomanometry before and after challenge. Nasal symptom scores were estimated 15 min after each challenge. Blood flow in the nasal mucosa in the unprovoked right nasal cavity decreased in a dose-dependent manner for th two highest doses of allergen where a reduction of 21% (p less than 0.05) and 26% (p less than 0.01) was obtained. Nasal airway resistance increased somewhat after the highest dose (p greater than 0.05). Topical anesthesia in the provoked nasal cavity inhibited the decrease in blood flow in the unchallenged nasal cavity. These findings suggest that the changes in the tone of the resistance vessels, but not the capacitance vessels, which are induced by allergen, are largely reflex-mediated.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laryngeal obstruction assessed by computed tomography.

The aim of this study was to find out if laryngeal obstruction could be assessed by measuring the glottic area using computed tomography (CT). Results from model studies were compared with those from twelve patients with laryngeal diseases. Determination of the orolaryngeal airway resistance (Rol) was used as a reference method. The correlation between airway resistance and area in both the model and among the patients was consistent, with a curvilinear relationship. The results indicate that it is possible to measure the area of a short obstruction by CT and that this area determines the degree of obstruction.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Day-to-day variation of bronchodilatory response to an inhaled beta-2-stimulant in asthmatics.

The effect of inhaling 0.25 and 2.0 mg of terbutaline sulphate, a beta-2-stimulant, from a metered dose aerosol was studied in five asthmatic patients during two periods of five days each. During the first period, the patients used a good spontaneous inhalation technique; during the second period, the inhalation technique was optimized and controlled. The variation of basal FEV1 and of the increase (delta FEV1) caused by 0.25 mg of inhaled terbutaline was considerable. The effect was only slightly better and the variation only slightly smaller when the controlled inhalation technique was used. The differences were not significant. In individual patients, there was no or negative correlation between delta FEV1 and the corresponding basal FEV1 value. Accordingly, the most commonly used way of expressing delta FEV1 as a percentage of basal FEV1 value was found to be insensitive. Delta FEV1, expressed as a percentage of the maximum available FEV1 increase on the same day after 2.25 mg terbutaline sulphate, was found to be most sensitive. This way of expressing delta FEV1 will increase the possibilities of detecting differences between treatments in clinical trials.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Non-uniform lung elastic properties and the slope of the alveolar plateau.

Dispersion of elastic properties within the lungs may contribute to the creation of a sloping alveolar plateau of the single-breath N2 washout curve. In this study we have systematically explored the behaviour of a simple two-compartment lung model with non-uniform pressure-volume characteristics. The inhomogeneity was expressed in terms of the ratio between the shape constants (k1/k2) of the compartmental pressure-volume curves and the ratio between compartmental RV/TLC (R-RV/TLC). The model simulations indicate that normal slope magnitudes can be achieved with a moderate degree of inhomogeneity (k1/k2 and R-RV/TLV = 2). The model simulations also show that a phase II-like shape of the curve--of non dead space origin--may occur and furthermore that single-breath TLC determinations increasingly underestimate true TLC as the R-RV/TLC deviates from unity. For a given degree of inhomogeneity, the model predicts the slope to increase with overall RV/TLC and k but decrease with TLC. The relations between these overall factors and the slope of phase III are also found in a patient group, where these factors explain approximately 61% of the slope variance.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bronchomotor tone and the slope of phase III of the N2-test.

To determine the influence of bronchomotor tone on the slope of phase III of the N2-test, we studied subjects with reversible airflow limitation, who inhaled a standard dose of salbutamol. The design of the study allowed separation and comparison of the effects on the slope of phase III of changes in bronchomotor tone and in preinspiratory volume. The study shows that in subjects with a substantial reversibility of airflow limitation changes in the slope of phase III induced by salbutamol are related more to a change in preinspiratory volume than to a change in bronchomotor tone per se.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of increasing bronchodilatation on the single breath nitrogen test.

To determine if and how changes of the slope of phase III of the N2 test reflect drug-induced bronchodilatation, we studied patients with moderate to severe reversible airflow limitation who inhaled increasing doses of salbutamol. The bronchodilating response on each dose level was monitored both by the N2 test and dynamic spirometry. The study shows that the slope of phase III is related to drug-induced bronchodilatation in a dose-dependent way. Furthermore, the decrease of the slope of phase III mirrors the concomitant increase of FEV1. These results are consistent with bronchomotor tone as a determinant of the slope of phase III. Alternatively, the decrease of the slope of phase III may be independent of bronchomotor tonus per se and be explained by a decrease in residual volume as reflected by the observed dose-dependent increase in vital capacity.

Aged↗