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Biomedical subjects

B Bar-Oz

Publications and source records attributed to B Bar-Oz.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

How long should someone wait after CMV infection to start pregnancy?

QUESTION: One of my patients contracted a primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. What is the recommended waiting time between primary CMV infection and conception, and which tests are valid for determining whether infectivity is over? ANSWER: Although no data on the proper waiting period between primary CMV infection and conception are available, we suggest waiting until CMV-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies are present (at least 6 months).

Cytomegalovirus Infections↗
PubMed1997

Late-appearing diaphragmatic hernia following resolution of right pleural effusion.

A case of late-appearing congenital diaphragmatic hernia in a premature infant with previously normal chest X-ray is reported. Pleural effusion accumulation and resolution preceded herniation of the liver to the right hemithorax and development of respiratory symptoms. Chest X-ray, ultrasound and computed tomography of the chest were useful in establishing the correct diagnosis. Pleural effusion without obvious cause should alert the paediatrician to the possibility of this rare condition.

Female↗
PubMed1995

[Rehospitalization of very-low-birth-weight infants after discharge from neonatal intensive care units].

The higher survival rate of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants is associated with an increasing rehospitalization load, especially during the first year after discharge from neonatal intensive care units. This was evaluated in a sample of 86 VLBW infants born during 1989-1990, compared with 120 normal term newborns delivered during 1990. 34 (39.5%) VLBW infants were rehospitalized, compared with 16 (13.3%) term newborns (2.9:1; p < 0.001). The ratio of hospitalizations between the groups was even higher, 4:1. Of the 49 VLBW infants hospitalized, 25 had respiratory complications (in 15 bronchiolitis), 15 required inguinal herniorrhaphy, 6 had acute gastroenteritis and in 4 there were other causes. Rehospitalized VLBW infants were more frequently of birth weight less than 1000 g and their initial stay in the neonatal intensive care unit tended to be longer. There was no significant correlation between rehospitalization and: gender, gestational age below or above 28 weeks, multiple pregnancy, need for mechanical ventilation, presence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, or parental socioeconomic status. Hospitals should be adequately prepared to meet the special challenge of frequent rehospitalization of VLBW infants.

Female↗
PubMed1995

Carboxyhemoglobin levels in neonatal immune hemolytic jaundice treated with intravenous gammaglobulin.

In order to examine the effect of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) on the rate of hemolysis in immune hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia, we measured the carboxyhemoglobin levels of 5 newborn infants who were subjected to IVIG treatment. The pretreatment rate of hemolysis, in the 5 patients with isoimmune hemolytic jaundice (3 patients with Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn and 2 patients with ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn), as reflected by carboxyhemoglobin levels was higher than the rate of hemolysis in normal newborn infants. In 4 out of the 5 patients treated with IVIG, there was a rapid decline ( > 30%) of carboxyhemoglobin levels, a pattern which was different from that observed in normal newborn infants with no hemolytic jaundice and in 3 untreated patients with ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn. None of the treated patients required an exchange transfusion. Our preliminary results support the theory that the attenuation of jaundice observed following IVIG treatment in patients with immune hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia is caused, at least in part, by the reduction in hemolysis.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1995

Neonatal limb ischemia following maternal indomethacin treatment in twin pregnancies.

The prenatal administration of indomethacin in obstetric management has been implicated as a cause of neonatal cardio-pulmonary, gastrointestinal and renal complications. The present report describes two cases of twin pregnancy resulting in premature delivery at the 33rd and 30th week following prolonged maternal indomethacin treatment for 9 and 4 weeks respectively. Neonatal cardiovascular and renal complications were observed and an unusual severe ischemia of a lower limb occured in each of the first twins following insertion of an umbilical arterial line. It is suggested that prolonged antenatal exposure to the drug may increase the systemic arterial constrictive reactivity in some newborn infants and that special caution should be exercised during arterial catheterization of susceptible cases.

Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors↗
PubMed1992

[Overdosage of glibenclamide presenting with lethargy and seizures in a child].

Management of accidental overdosage with oral hypoglycemic agents in toddlers may be difficult when the history of ingestion is overlooked. We report a 21-month-old girl who presented with lethargy and generalized seizures 12 hours after ingestion of an unknown number of glibenclamide pills. The blood glucose on admission was 0.5 mM/l. Symptoms resolved promptly after an intravenous bolus of glucose. Metabolic and infectious causes of hypoglycemia were ruled out. The parents denied drug ingestion initially, but further investigation revealed that she had ingested several glibenclamide pills used by her diabetic father 12 hours prior to admission. This case illustrates the problem involved in diagnosis and management of accidental drug overdosage in children when no such history is elicited and symptoms are delayed.

Drug Overdose↗
PubMed1991

Orocaecal transit time in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Smooth muscle degeneration may occur in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We measured fasting orocaecal transit time in patients with advanced Duchenne muscular dystrophy and other muscular dystrophies and in healthy controls. No significant differences were found. In contrast to reports of gastric hypomotility in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, we found no evidence of impaired small intestinal motility.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Giardiasis with protein-losing enteropathy: diagnosis by fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin determination.

Giardia lamblia infection was documented by jejunal biopsy in a previously healthy 2-year-old boy with acute onset of hypoproteinemia due to protein-losing enteropathy. All symptoms and abnormal laboratory findings resolved with anti-Giardia therapy. This is only the second case report of giardiasis with documented protein-losing enteropathy. Further application of the fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin assay may help to clarify the relationship between Giardia infection and protein-losing enteropathy and its role in development of malnutrition.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1987

Somatostatin impairs clearance of exogenous insulin in humans.

Somatostatin has been widely used to suppress endogenous pancreatic hormone secretion in research studies. Many of these studies required the simultaneous infusion of a hormone together with somatostatin. A critical assumption for its use in metabolic investigation is that somatostatin has no effect on the action or clearance of a concomitantly infused hormone. To test whether clearance of an exogenously infused hormone is affected, we infused insulin with or without somatostatin in two sets of studies. Insulin (40 mU X kg-1 X h-1) was infused for 100 min (n = 6). Plasma glucose levels fell to 55 +/- 4.1 mg/dl with insulin alone and significantly lower, to 44 +/- 1.9 mg/dl, when somatostatin (250 micrograms/h) was also infused (P less than .01). Plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) rose to 57 +/- 12.5 microU/ml with insulin alone, which was significantly different from 88 +/- 15 microU/ml when insulin was infused together with somatostatin (P less than .01). When a smaller dose of insulin (30 mU X kg-1 X h-1) was infused for 100 min (n = 4), similar results were observed. When somatostatin was infused together with insulin, plasma glucose fell to lower levels (41 +/- 4.2 vs. 62 +/- 9.5 mg/dl; P less than .01) and plasma IRI rose higher (39 +/- 8.5 vs. 27 +/- 5.9 microU/ml; P less than .01) than when insulin was infused alone. C-peptide was equally suppressed by hypoglycemia regardless of whether somatostatin was administered, indicating suppression of endogenous insulin during these studies. We conclude that somatostatin infusion impairs the clearance of exogenous insulin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Glucose↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sonographically thick placenta: a marker for increased perinatal risk--a prospective cross-sectional study.

The aim of this study was to determine placental thickness by ultrasound examination throughout pregnancy and establish the correlation of sonographically thick placenta with perinatal mortality and morbidity. Placental thickness was determined by routine sonographic examination throughout pregnancy in 561 normal singleton pregnancies. Thick placenta was determined as placenta that was above the 90th percentile. Gravidae between 20-22 weeks' gestation (n=193) and 32-34 weeks (n=73) were then divided into two groups according to placental thickness. The study group consisted of 44 gravidae with thick placenta. The control group included 151 gravidae with placental thickness between the 10th and 90th percentile. A comparison of perinatal mortality and morbidity rates as well as the incidence of small and large for gestational age neonates was conducted.A linear increase of placental thickness was found to correlate with gestational age throughout pregnancy. No statistical differences were observed between the two groups with regard to obstetrical variables such as maternal age, parity and gestational age at delivery. No correlation was found between placental thickness and maternal age or parity. The incidence of perinatal mortality was significantly higher among gravidae with thick placentae (6.82% versus 0.66 per cent, P=0.037, 95 per cent confidence interval 1.71-70.29). Birthweight at term was found to be above 4000 g in 20.45 per cent of the thick-placenta group as compared to 5.3 per cent in the control group (P=0.001, 95 per cent CI 2.08-13.85), and birthweight of less than 2500 g was found in 15. 9 per cent of the thick-placenta group as compared to 7.3 per cent in the control group (P=0.03, 95 per cent CI 1.11-8.14). The incidence of fetal anomalies was 9.1 per cent in the thick-placenta group and 3.97 per cent in the control group (not significant). Sonographically thick placenta is associated with increased perinatal risk with increased mortality related to fetal anomalies and higher rates of both small for gestational age and large for gestational age infants at term.

Birth Weight↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of human fetal urine as a source of amniotic fluid phospholipids.

The accumulation of surface active material in amniotic fluid during gestation is assumed to result from lung fluid secretion through the trachea. Some animal studies, however, have indicated that virtually all of the tracheal fluid is swallowed, whereas little if any enters the amniotic cavity. Following these observations fetal urine has been considered by some authors as an alternative source of amniotic fluid phospholipids. However, the phospholipid content of human fetal urine has not yet been determined. We have determined the L/S ratio and lamellar body concentration in human amniotic fluid and fetal urine obtained during 3 term cesarean deliveries. While both the L/S ratio and lamellar body particle concentration in the amniotic fluid samples were equivalent to values reported in term pregnancies, no measurable lecithin or sphingomyelin peaks were demonstrated in the urine samples and very few, if any, particles were counted. The lack of similarity between determinants of surface activity in human amniotic fluid and fetal urine does not support a major contribution of fetal urine to the phospholipid content of amniotic fluid.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anticonvulsants and breast feeding: a critical review.

Progress in the diagnosis and management of seizure disorders and the availability of effective anticonvulsive medications has enabled increasing numbers of epileptic women of child-bearing age to raise families. Breast feeding, which these women may wish to choose, provides health, nutritional, immunological, developmental, social, economic and environmental benefits. The traditional anticonvulsants, such as phenytoin, carbamazepine and valproic acid (valproate sodium), are generally considered safe for use during breast feeding; however, observation for adverse effects is recommended. The use of phenobarbital while breast feeding is controversial because of its slow elimination by the nursing infant. The newer anticonvulsants, such as clobazam, felbamate, gabapentin, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, tiagabine, topiramate, and vigabatrin, are used mainly as adjunctive therapy. Data on the use of these drugs in pregnancy and lactation, and regarding long term effects on cognition and behaviour, are sparse. Weighing the benefits of breast feeding against the potential risk to the nursing infant, breast feeding is considered to be safe when the mother is taking carbamazepine, valproic acid or phenytoin. Infant monitoring for potential adverse effects is advisable when the mother is taking phenobarbital, clobazam, gabapentin, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine or vigabatrin. Monitoring of infant serum drug concentrations is advisable but not compulsory. The use of felbamate, tiagabine and topiramate during breast feeding should await further study.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in newborns in the first 48 hours after birth.

Newborns are often discharged from hospital at the age of about 48 hours. At this age, transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) are not necessarily recordable in all healthy newborns. In order to determine the factors which would enable the successful recording of TEOAEs before discharge to facilitate screening for hearing, 65 fullterm newborns under 48 hours of age were tested, the youngest being 10 hours old. The ears of those neonates in whom TEOAEs could not be obtained (N = 7 neonates bilaterally, 6 unilaterally) were examined otoscopically, cleaned of vernix and retested for TEOAEs. We were thus able to record in at least one ear in all neonates tested, if the ears were clean, if they were asleep and if the testing room was quiet.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Familial renal tubular dysgenesis: a disorder not isolated to proximal convoluted tubules.

The autopsy findings of a newborn with renal tubular dysgenesis, born to first cousins of Moslim Arab descent, are described. Hypocalvaria and hyperflexible joints were noted in addition to the renal lesion. A microdissection study demonstrated marked shortening of all the nephron segments from the glomeruli to the collecting tubules, rather than an isolated abnormality of the proximal convoluted tubules.

Consanguinity↗