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Biomedical subjects

B Bergman

Publications and source records attributed to B Bergman.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Base plate wax, dimensional stability and sorption of active components following treatment with disinfectant solutions.

The influence of seven disinfectants on the dimensional stability of a base plate wax, Tenax, was studied. Two methods for treatment were tested - immersion for one hour and spraying respectively. After spraying no significant influence on the wax could be established and after immersion four of the seven disinfectants, including Cidex and K-644, likewise had no significant influence on the dimensional stability. The wax specimens did not show any significant weight increase (less than one per cent) after immersion for four days but in four disinfectant solutions the surface properties of the wax specimens had changed showing that active components of the disinfectants were absorbed into or adsorbed on the wax surface.

Absorption↗
PubMed1991

Cisapride in the treatment of post-operative ileus.

The effect of cisapride on duration of post-operative ileus after surgery was investigated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients undergoing elective upper gastrointestinal (n = 47) or colonic (n = 22) surgery were pre-operatively randomly allocated to treatment with either cisapride 30 mg t.d.s., by rectal administration, or placebo. Treatment started exactly 48 h after surgery if the patient at this time had not passed stool. Time to passage of first stool after surgery was estimated. Mean time to passage of stool was 85 (32) h (s.d.) for cisapride-treated and 91 (43) h for placebo-treated patients. No difference between the treatment groups was noted. Treatment with cisapride did not shorten the duration of postoperative ileus after either upper gastrointestinal or colonic surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Suicide attempts by battered wives.

During an 8-month period a total of 117 battered wives, all seeking emergency surgical care, were identified. Twenty-two of the battered wives were found to have made 82 suicide attempts during the 16-year study period. This corresponds to an incidence more than 8 times that of an unselected population of women being treated because of attempted suicide in the same hospital. The suicide attempts were predominately passive methods. Although conflict with the husband was the most common triggering factor for the attempt, mental disorder of the woman was another main cause. It is concluded that the doctor, when confronted with a patient who has attempted suicide, always should consider the possibility of ongoing physical abuse. Although battering generally is not the only explanation, the physician should remember this possibility and the patient should, if necessary, be referred to proper care services.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Immunohistochemical detection of two small cell lung carcinoma-associated antigens defined by MAbs F12 and 123C3 in bronchoscopy biopsy tissues.

We have studied MAbs* for their ability to detect SCLC and differentiate this tumor type from the other lung tumor histotypes in cryostat sections of biopsy specimens taken at bronchoscopy from patients with suspected primary lung tumor disease. MAb F12, specific for the ganglioside fucosyl-GM1, reacted with 58% of the cases with SCLC (n = 19) and with less than 3% of those with non-SCLC (n = 38). MAb 123C3, specifically reactive with NCAM, reacted with 78% of the SCLC cases (n = 23). With this MAb no positive staining was seen in the non-SCLC cases (n = 41). None of the two MAbs reacted with tissue sections without tumor. In combined analysis with MAbs F12 and 123C3, all SCLC cases (n = 15) were positive with either and 47% with both of the MAbs. Our results show that both MAbs F12 and 123C3 are highly specific for SCLC in bronchoscopic biopsy tissue specimens, whereas the sensitivity for this histotype tends to be higher with MAb 123C3 than with F12 (P = 0.14). When used in combination, all SCLC cases could be identified. These MAbs may therefore be valuable as complements to current histopathologic characterization and differentiation of lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
PubMed1991

Immunocytochemical localization of nitrogenase in bacteria symbiotically associated with Azolla spp.

In situ immunogold labeling and transmission electron microscopy were used to detect nitrogenase in bacteria (bactobionts) symbiotically associated with leaf cavities of Azolla caroliniana and Azolla filiculoides. In A. caroliniana, the Fe protein of the nitrogenase complex was detected in a subset of the distinct bactobiont types present in leaf cavities of all ages. Similar results were obtained for the bactobionts of A. filiculoides with antisera against both the Fe and MoFe subunits of nitrogenase.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1991

Risk evaluation in a small series of transabdominal chorionic villus sampling.

Previous reports have suggested that the fetal loss rate with transcervical chorionic villus sampling was high in the initial 100-300 procedures performed. In a consecutive series of 155 patients with first-trimester transabdominal chorionic villus sampling (CVS), we observed a total fetal loss rate of 8.4%, and loss rate not attributable to induced abortion or cytogenetic abnormality of 3.2%. Our results demonstrate that transabdominal CVS in the first trimester of pregnancy is a safe method of prenatal diagnosis.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1991

Advantage or disadvantage of episiotomy compared with spontaneous perineal laceration.

In a prospective clinical investigation of 2,144 deliveries, we elucidate the indications for episiotomy and how different methods of anesthesia affect the frequency of episiotomy and the perineal problems after episiotomy compared with those after spontaneous perineal laceration. We found a significantly higher infection rate (p less than 0.001) and a longer healing period in the episiotomy group. These differences remain even if only primigravida or the indication, imminent perineal laceration, is studied. The results indicate that many women will unnecessarily suffer after an episiotomy. The patient's subjective problems are significantly increased, both immediately and at the 3-month postoperative follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Teniposide and etoposide in previously untreated small-cell lung cancer: a randomized study.

A randomized study comparing teniposide (VM-26) and etoposide (VP-16) was performed to investigate whether there are any differences in the activity and toxicity of these two analogs in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Only previously untreated patients with SCLC were included; 46 and 48 patients receiving VP-16 and VM-26, respectively, are assessable for response. There were no differences between the two groups with respect to extent of disease, median age, and performance status (PS). The initial doses were for both compounds 70 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) daily for 5 days every 3 weeks. After inclusion of 25 patients in the study, the doses were increased to 80 mg/m2 for VM-26 and 90 mg/m2 for VP-16 because of differences in toxicity. VM-26 caused more hematologic toxicity than VP-16 throughout the study. The overall responses (complete response [CR] plus partial response [PR]) were 65% for VP-16 and 71% for VM-26, with CR occurring in 24% and 23%, respectively, for the two compounds. Median survival was 8.5 months for VP-16-treated patients versus 11.3 months for VM-26-treated patients (P = .58). It is concluded that both VP-16 and VM-26 are highly active single agents in SCLC.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

A 5-year follow-up study of 117 battered women.

This paper reports register data concerning somatic and psychiatric hospital care on 117 battered women who were identified in a surgical emergency department and offered a treatment program. Data were collected during a period of 10 years before to 5 years after the battering in question. It was concluded that the battered woman seeks hospital care much more than the average woman of the same age. It is, however, not only traumatic injuries that bring her to the hospital, but also medical, gynecological, psychiatric, and unspecified disorders and suicide attempts. In this study it was hypothesized that this overuse of hospital care reflects the situation at home characterized by ongoing battering and other psychosocial problems. During the 5 years following the battering, the women did not show any signs of reducing their use of hospital care. It is alarming that this high use of medical care continues over years, and doctors should consider battering as one possible explanation for this phenomenon.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Quality of life during chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer. I. An evaluation with generic health measures.

The Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD) were used for assessment of physical and psychosocial functioning and emotional distress in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) receiving chemotherapy. Treatment schedules extended over 12 months. Before treatment sixty-two patients, 36-80 years of age, completed the questionnaires and a selection of lung cancer symptom items. Approximately 50% of the patients reported clinically significant physical dysfunction, while emotional distress was reported by 25% and social restraints by 40%. Self-reported overall dysfunction, as assessed by SIP total index, was clinically significant in 60% of the patients. SIP physical and total indices were strongly related to WHO performance status (grade 0-4). The assessment was subsequently repeated every third month during the treatment period. Overall tumour response rate was 82%. The changes of physical and psychosocial functioning, as assessed by SIP, were significantly related to tumour response, although a persistent substantial overall dysfunction was shown among 50% of the responders after 3 months and among c. 40% after 6 months. In addition to tumour response, pain and appetite changes correlated with the change of overall SIP in multivariate analysis, implying the importance of pain control and appetite stimulating measures for patients with advanced cancer. Anxiety and depression, as measured by HAD, were reduced in 21 patients who completed 12 months chemotherapy, but only anxiety co-varied with tumour response. The results lend support to the use of the generic SIP and HAD as outcome measures in clinical research with SCLC patients receiving chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Follow-up of patients treated for urinary bladder calculi.

Fifty patients were followed-up for an average of 3 years after treatment for urinary bladder calculi. In 10 of these (20%) altogether 20 metabolic or endocrine diagnoses were revealed at follow-up: hypercalcaemia, 8; hyperuricosaemia, 4; high parathormone, 3; hyperuricosuria, 2; hypercalciuria, 2: hyperoxaluria, 1. About half of the patients also had other diagnoses, dominated by outflow obstruction at the prostatic level, followed by neurogenic bladder disorder. Fifteen had developed new bladder calculi. Urography revealed upper tract calculi in 12 patients, but 11 of these were free from metabolic disorder. Significant bacteriuria was common (24%). Our conclusion is that a follow-up is to be recommended after treatment of bladder calculi. It should include cystoscopy and screening for endocrine/metabolic disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Nephrectomy in unilateral chronic pyelonephritis. A long-term follow-up study.

In order to study the effectiveness of unilateral nephrectomy as a treatment for chronic unilateral pyelonephritis, 15 consecutive patients who had undergone this operation were followed up. The patients had been operated on 8.9 years (mean) earlier. All of the 15 patients had had recurrent urinary tract infections prior to the operation, 11 of them had had pyelonephritis for between 1 and 19 (mean 6.7) years. One patient only had had a verified episode of urinary tract infection during the follow-up period. All 15 patients were hypertensive prior to the operation. At the time of follow-up, 7 patients were normotensive without drugs, and 2 were normotensive with a reduced dosage of antihypertensives. The mean systolic blood pressure went down from 180 to 150 mm Hg, and the mean diastolic pressure from 109 to 88 mm Hg. This operation can thus be recommended in selected cases of unilateral chronic pyelonephritis with hypertension.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Primary aldosteronism. Study of twenty-six operated cases.

A follow-up study of 26 patients operated on for suspicion of primary aldosteronism was made. The preoperative investigative procedures, including serum potassium concentration, urinary aldosterone excretion, and plasma renin activity, could not differentiate between patients with cortical adenomas and those with cortical hyperplasia or normal glands. Preoperative roentgenologic examinations visualized only one third of the adenomas. Altogether 44 of the 52 suprarenal glands had to be explored to reveal the 21 adenomas. Patients with cortical adenoma often became normotensive, in contrast to those with cortical hyperplasia or normal adrenal glands histopathologically. The suprarenal glands were explored from behind according to Nesbit. The complications were few and minor.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1990

Cross-sectional study of patients fitted with fixed partial dentures with special reference to the caries situation.

The caries situation among 30 patients with fixed partial dentures was examined 3 yr after cementation of the constructions. The fit of the crowns on the abutment teeth, the size of the interproximal areas and the relation between the crown margin and the gingival margin were registered. Risk factors for caries development, such as salivary factors, microbiologic factors, oral hygiene and diet were evaluated for each patient. During the 3-yr period 54 caries lesions occurred in 25 patients. Eleven lesions were found on abutment teeth. Two were located on the root surfaces unconnected with the crown margin (greater than 2mm from the gingival margin), three were recurrent lesions, where the crown margin was located above the gingival margin but closer than 2 mm and six were recurrent lesions where the crown margin was located under the gingival margin. No single caries risk factor seemed to be so closely correlated to the number of caries lesions developed that it could be used alone to select of patients at risk. When the sum of the assumed negative factors was used, more caries was found among the patients with three or more factors with negative values in the group as a whole. However, predicting the development of caries in an individual case with a high degree of probability seems to be complicated. Generally speaking there was no indication that caries disease development was caused by the presence of the fixed partial denture per se.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Battered wives--measures by the social and medical services.

The social files and medical records of 98 acutely battered wives who attended a surgical emergency department were studied. Although all women had been hospitalized during the decade preceding the present incident, wife battering was documented in the records in only 18%. The majority of the women (73%) were also known to the social services, but battering was documented in less than half of the cases in the social service files. The measures taken by the social services to help the battered women consisted mainly of economic support and psychotherapy. The cooperation between the medical and social services and the police in cases of wife battering was very limited or non-existent. It is concluded that support given to battered women by the formal sources of aid is insufficient. The documentation of the cases is poor, there is a lack of practical measures and the cooperation between the authorities is limited. This study indicates that the social and medical services underestimate the importance of informal help sources like women's groups or shelters which often are the most valued resources by the battered women themselves. With improved cooperation between authorities and between formal and informal sources of aid the battered wives could be helped more effectively.

Adolescent↗