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Biomedical subjects

B Brunet

Publications and source records attributed to B Brunet.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Cannabis and road crashes: a survey of recent French studies].

The clarification of the mechanisms of action of cannabis and its effects on motor and cognitive functions, the results of previous studies performed on driving simulators and closed or open-road driving trials, are important criteria for highlighting the increased risk of road crashes for drivers after a recent use of cannabis. In addition epidemiological studies allow to measure the magnitude of the problem. A survey of French epidemiological studies performed from 1999 to 2004, as well as the data of THC distribution in tissues studies performed on man and animal allowed us to draw a number of conclusions. The risk of road crash after a recent use of cannabis is increased by more than 2.4 in all studies. The prevalence of cannabis use in drivers involved in a road crash has dramatically increased during the last years. For methodological reasons (a too high threshold for THC positivity, a too long time delay between accident and blood sampling), the annual number of fatal cases induced by a cannabis use was likely underestimated. This assessment is consistent with recent data which indicate that THC could be still present in brain while absent in blood. A positivity threshold for THC in blood of 0.5 ng/mL would be more appropriated. So, all recent French studies highlighted that a recent use of cannabis impairs driving ability and that it would be advisable to intensify roadside testing for drugs of abuse.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2006

[Requests for residency permits due to medical reasons from foreigners in the Val-d'Oise county between 1999 and 2003].

The requests for residence permits from foreigners who wish to remain in France for health reasons are submitted for review to the county public health medical officer. This article reports on the quantitative and qualitative evolution and progression of these requests in a county located near Paris. The number of requests has drastically increased, from 152 in 1999 to 1,823 in the year 2003. The majority of the applicants were women and individuals from sub-Saharan Africa. HIV infection was the most frequent reason cited for the submission of requests, but its relative proportion has decreased over time from 25% in 1999 to 15% of overall requests made in the year 2003, which is then followed by diabetes (8% of all requests), hypertension (5%), and tuberculosis (4%). The decision handed down from the authorities was favourable for residence based on the need for healthcare in 74% of the cases. The health status of the illegal immigrants remains difficult to determine and systematically track; therefore, the applications for residency granted on medical grounds serve as a practical and efficient means to assess and map the existing situation.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Evaluation of the pertinence of international courses on human African trypanosomiasis].

The goal of this study was to evaluate the adequacy and relevance of a training course on Human African Trypanosomiasis, targeted to reach support and coordination staff in charge of activities being carried out in related prevention and control programmes. A questionnaire was emailed to the four course organisers and the 65 participants. The response rate among the participants was 41%. The training needs expressed covered issues such as treatment, diagnostic and epidemiological techniques, improved knowledge of the disease, and control planning. The lectures given were adapted for participants' professional activities. At the time of the evaluation (one to three years after the course) 67% of the participants had begun implementing the knowledge they had acquired and applying it to their practice, particularly in the area of programme planning. The analysis of the questionnaire's results pointed to the sections of the course that would benefit from modifications, such as the need for the development of lessons and modules in the areas of patient management and planning for future training sessions.

Africa South of the Sahara↗
PubMed2005

[Residence permit for foreigners for healthcare in France: survey on the advice of the public health medical officers].

BACKGROUND: Public health medical officers of the different French administrative districts are called in to advise the public authorities (Préfet) on requests for a residence permit from foreigners seeking healthcare asylum in France. Using a medical report chart, the medical officer specifies whether the foreigner requires treatment, whether lack of medical care can have exceptionally serious consequences and whether the patient can obtain a suitable treatment in his/her own country. Considering the marked increase in the number of requests for healthcare asylum and the potential subjective aspect of the medical officer's advice, a survey was conducted to assess medical officers'practices. METHODS: In March 2002, a questionnaire was addressed by email to the medical officers practising in the 94 administrative districts of metropolitan France. They were to give their advice about two fictional requests for healthcare asylum; the fictional requests closely mimicked real situations which frequently raise difficult issues. The two seekers were a 57-year-old man from Comoros treated for hypertension and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (case 1) and a 33-year-old woman from the Ivory Coast followed after treatment for tuberculosis (case 2). RESULTS: Among the 94 district medical officers contacted, 42 (45%) responded. Respectively 88% (case 1) and 67% (case 2) of the medical officers considered that the patient required medical care because lack of care would have serious consequences, but for 26% (cases 1 and 2), treatment could be delivered in the country of origin. Finally, the advise proposed by the different officers varied: for 33% (case 1) and 53% (case 2) of the medical officers, asylum in France for healthcare was unjustified. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of a low response rate, this survey shows the subjectivity of the advice provided by medical officers, raising the question of its fairness. Our study suggests that this subjectivity is related to the vagueness of the questions asked to the medical officers and the lack of a frame of reference on which to base their advice.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1994

Recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities observed in complete remission of acute myeloid leukemia do not necessarily mark preleukemic cells.

We have undertaken the cytogenetic monitoring of 39 adult patients treated for de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by intensive chemotherapy. We describe this monitoring in seven patients in continuous complete clinical and morphologic remission (CR) of AML. Although in CR, these patients exhibit the emergence of cytogenetically abnormal clones. Abnormalities observed include monosomy 7, del(20)(q11), partial trisomy 1q, and 6p12-22 rearrangements. They correspond to well-known chromosomal rearrangements commonly found in myelodysplasia (MDS), and myeloproliferative syndromes (MPS), as well as AML. Present as the sole detected chromosomal change, they preceded by months the onset of overt leukemia or MDS. In some cases, the abnormal clone showed a proliferative advantage (some patients exhibited up to 100% of abnormal bone marrow metaphases in subsequent analyses). AML relapse, when it occurred, was associated with a different chromosomal modification. Altogether the question arises, whether the abnormalities pointed out in our study (monosomy 7, del(20)(q11), partial trisomy for the long arm of chromosome 1 (q21qter), 6p12-22 rearrangements), and seen after chemotherapy, mark preleukemic cells or not, and whether they participate indirectly, or not at all in the leukemic process.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Detection of tetracycline-resistant strains of Ureaplasma urealyticum by hybridization assays.

Five wild-type strains of tetracycline-resistant Ureaplasma Ureaplasma urealyticum and one tetracycline-sensitive Ureaplasma urealyticum strain were tested for presence of the tetM sequence by hybridization assays. Two sorts of probes were used, a plasmid containing the tetM fragment and the tetM fragment alone. Two sorts of label were used for each, digoxigenin and radio-labelling. Both purified DNA at various concentrations and non-purified DNA in the pellet from a 10 ml culture were used as targets. The digoxigenin-labelled whole plasmid probe was as specific as the insert alone when hybridized with non-purified DNA, and was more sensitive than radio-labelled probes.

DNA Probes↗
PubMed1982

Characterization and properties of the human and bovine lactotransferrins extracted from the faeces of newborn infants.

Human lactotransferrin was characterized in the faecal extracts from breastfed babies. Quantitative determination of human copro-lactotransferrin from birth for a period of up to 3 weeks showed that the daily elimination decreased from 35 to 5 mg. The amount of copro-lactotransferrin corresponding to the endogenous secretion was calculated to be from 0.5 to 1 mg per day. When a cow's milk diet supplemented by partially or completely iron-saturated human or bovine lactotransferrin was fed to the babies, the amounts of copro-lactotransferrin excreted depended on the origin and on the iron saturation of the lactoransferrin. In particular, the amount of bovine copro-lactotransferrin in the faeces averaged 200 mg per day. The human and bovine copro-lactotransferrins were isolated by ion-exchange chromatography or by affinity chromatography and were still able to bind iron. The fingerprints of native human and bovine lactotransferrins hydrolysed in vitro by infant's gastric or duodenal secretions showed that both proteins were not extensively digested. This demonstrates that these lactotransferrins ingested by babies are not completely destroyed and keep their ability to bind iron, and thus may supplement the bacteriostatic effects of the endogenous lactotransferrin in the intestinal tract.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Rotavirus laboratory network: results after one year of observation].

Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in children and it has been estimated that in Argentina Rotavirus is responsible for 21,000 hospitalizations, 85,000 medical attentions and an annual medical cost of US$ 27 millions. Given that a Rotavirus vaccine is about to be approved, a laboratory network based surveillance system was organized. Herein, we present the results after one year of study. Severe diarrhea was responsible for 9% of pediatric hospitalizations and rotavirus was detected in 42.1% of the diarrhea cases. We estimated that Rotavirus causes 3.8% of pediatric hospitalizations. The number of diarrhea and Rotavirus diarrhea hospitalizations was greater during the first year of life (62% and 71.3%, respectively). The number of diarrhea hospitalizations during the December-May semester was significantly higher than the rest of the year. A Rotavirus diarrhea peak was detected between April and June. These results indicate that Rotavirus is the most important etiological agent of severe diarrhea in Argentine children and show the importance of performing Rotavirus diagnosis in every pediatric hospital. The additional costs will be compensated by many benefits such as better use of antibiotics, improved nosocomial spread control, better handling of hospital beds and of laboratory resources and of the hospitalized patient.

Argentina↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The surgical treatment of rupture of the rectus femoris muscle in the sportsman (author's transl)].

Ruptures of the middle and lower part of the rectus femoris muscle are seen essentially in the footballer during a shoot at goal. Often unrecognised initially, they warrant surgical treatment in the sportsman. The anatomical appearances of these complete or partial ruptures are described. The authors propose a new technique of reinsertion, relying upon the posterior aponeurotic layer, using non-absorbable sutures. Results were satisfactory in 10 cases out of 11.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epiphysis-metaphysis bone ischemia in hemorrhagic rectocolitis and Crohn's disease].

Aseptic osteonecrosis is a rare extraintestinal manifestation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease; its true prevalence is not precisely known. Steroid treatment undoubtedly participates in the pathophysiology of avascular osteonecrosis, however, other factors like hypercoagulability may be involved. Two cases of bilateral osteonecrosis of the knees--the first occurring during the course of ulcerative colitis, the second in a patient presenting with Crohn's disease--are described. Specific location of the lesions and regression of symptoms, as well as the importance of magnetic resonance imaging for early recognition of osteonecrosis, are noteworthy.

Adult↗