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Biomedical subjects

B Buntner

Publications and source records attributed to B Buntner.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Glucocorticosteroids in bronchial asthma. II. Use of cortisol markers in various biological materials for evaluation of adrenocortical function].

Glucocorticosteroids (GS) being widely used in asthma treatment are sometimes applied in high doses and for long period. This treatment is often connected with adrenocortical suppression. Adrenocortical function assessment in GS treated patients with different doses and forms of drug is of great diagnostic and prognostic importance. In the presented work the methods of adrenocortical function assessment are discussed, especially serum cortisol level and non-invasive: saliva and urine cortisol assays.

Adrenal Cortex Diseases↗
PubMed1996

Circadian variations of norepinephrine and melatonin in extremely obese men and women.

The relationship between 24-h variations of norepinephrine (NE), melatonin (MEL) and the values of body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip circumference ratio (WHR) was evaluated. The circadian rhythm of NE and MEL was examined in 26 extremely obese patients (14 men and 12 women) and 24 healthy volunteers (13 men and 11 women) with normal body weight. In extremely obese men and women it showed following similar characteristics. In 9/14 obese men (64.3 %) and 8/12 obese women (66.7 %) mean 24 h NE levels were significantly higher than those in controls, while only moderate elevation of mean 24 h NE values was found in the remaining patients. Mean 24 h MEL concentrations were markedly higher in all obese patients studied. Moreover, the disturbances of MEL secretion in the form of acrophase shift and the suppression of its 24-h rhythmicity were observed in-patients with markedly higher NE levels. Mean 24-h NE concentrations correlated positively with mesor values of MEL and also with body mass and fat distribution as measured by BMI and WHR, respectively. In contrast, no significant correlation was found between the values of BMI index, WHR ratio and MEL.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Association of body mass and body fat distribution with serum melatonin levels in obese women either non-operated or after jejunoileostomy.

The association of body mass index (BMI) and body fat distribution (as measured by waist-to-hip circumference ratio; WHR) with serum melatonin (MEL) levels determined at 02 and 14 h were examined in 22 non-operated obese women and 21 obese women who underwent jejunoileostomy for morbid obesity 2 to 6 years earlier as well as in 20 gender and age-matched healthy controls with normal body weight. All non-operated obese women either with moderate or morbid obesity had significantly higher MEL concentration at 14 h compared with controls, whereas the amount of MEL secreted at 02 h was elevated only in morbidly obese women. The mean differences between serum MEL levels at 14 h and 02 h (delta MEL) was reduced in morbidly obese women - it may be due to desynchronisation of its circadian rhythmicity. Among women who underwent jejunoileostomy for morbid obesity the values of MEL were normalized only in those with a noted body mass reduction and with BMI and WHR indexes less than 28 kg/m² and 0.83, respectively. MEL correlated positively with BMI and WHR indexes at 14 h in all subjects studied. Negative correlation was noted between the relative values of delta MEL and BMI in both non-operated and operated obese women with BMI indexes >31 kg/m².

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Assessment of relationship between secretion of melatonin, activity of thyroid, adrenal cortex as well as testes and chosen markers of collagen metabolism in starved rats.

In starved rats the mutual interrelations were studied between the secretion of melatonin (MEL), thyroid hormones (TT[_4], FT[_4], TT[_3], FT[_3], rT[_3]), corticosterone (B), testosterone (T) and some markers of collagen metabolism: serum concentrations of carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP) and aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP) (determined by RIA method) as well as urine concentration of hydroxyproline (OH-Pr) (determined by colorimetric method). Starved rats were found to have significantly increased serum MEL, B, and rT[_3] concentrations while serum values of TT[_4], FT[_4], TT[_3], FT[_3], T and PICP as well as urinary OH-Pr were significantly decreased. The concentrations of PICP, PIIINP and OH-Pr correlated negatively with MEL and B values, but positively with TT[_4] and FT[_4]. It was concluded that starving may change the collagen metabolism in rats indirectly via a modulating effect of changes in MEL, thyroxine and corticosterone.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Circadian oscillation of melatonin, gonadotropins, sex hormones and SHBG in post-menopausal women showing android and gynoid type obesity.

Many clinical manifestations shown by obese women point to the disturbances of secretory activity of hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis (h-p-o). Because of antigonadotropic activity of melatonin (MEL) it is essential to define this hormone participation in inducing the disturbances of the h-p-o axis. We evaluated the relationship between MEL secretion and circadian concentrations of LH, FSH, E[_2], P, TT, FT, SHBG as measured at 3 h intervals, in 9 obese women showing android type of adipose tissue distribution (BMI > 30 kg/m[^2]; WHR > 0.8) and in 6 women showing gynoid type of adipose tissue distribution (BMI > 30 kg/m[^2]; WHR < 0.8). All patients were between 55 and 62 years of age. A considerable increase of circadian MEL secretion was observed in all obese patients. Suppression of MEL rhythmicity was observed in all patients, while nocturnal phase shift of MEL occurred only in women showing android type of adipose tissue distribution. Significant decrease of circadian LH, P and SHBG values which was accompanied by the elevation of E[_2], TT and FT levels was observed in women with a disturbed rhythmicity of MEL secretion (particularly in case of androidal-type obesity). Based on these results it is suggested that MEL participates in inducing h-p-o axis disturbances in obese women of post-menopausal age.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Circadian variations of salivary melatonin levels in women of reproductive and postmenopausal age with gynoid and android obesity.

Circadian variations of salivary melatonin (MEL) were examined in 81 women (48 of reproductive and 33 of postmenopausal age), 16 of them with moderate overweight, 32 showing gynoid obesity (BMI>30 kg/m[^2]; WHR<0.8) and 33 showing android obesity (BMI>30 kg/m[^2]; WHR>0.8). The circadian profiles of salivary MEL in women with moderate overweight were parallel to those of controls. However, mean 24-h salivary MEL levels tended to be higher in all obese patients as compared with controls (mainly due to increase of its daytime levels). In addition, the suppression of MEL rhythmicity was observed in all subjects studied irrespectively of gynoid or android obesity, while nocturnal MEL peak shift was observed predominantly in the case of extreme obesity with android distribution of adipose tissue. Despite of increasing tendencies mean 24 h MEL concentrations and stronger suppression of circadian variations and/or nocturnal MEL peak shift in extremely obese women with android distribution of adipose tissue, no significant correlation was found between the values of BMI index, WHR ratio and circadian MEL concentrations.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Assessment of relationship between hypothalamo-pituitary dysfunction and peripheral endocrine function in normotensive and hypertensive obese men.

The relationship between hypothalamo-pituitary function and various hormonal factors (insulin, cortisol, thyroid hormones, sex steroid hormones, SHBG, IGF-I) was investigated in 34 obese men (16 normotensive and 18 hypertensive) and 15 healthy male volunteers aged 35 to 50 years. Hyperinsulinaemia in obese men was associated with altered hypothalamo-pituitary function as indicated by impaired GH, PRL and cortisol secretion in response to insulin induced hypoglycaemia. On the other hand, hyperinsulinaemia and disorders in GH, PRL and cortisol release were associated with lower levels of reverse triiodothyronine, gonadotropins, testosterone, 17-corticoids and SHBG and higher levels of triiodothyronine, estradiol, 17-hydroxycorticoids and IGF-I. Various disorders of hypothalamo-pituitary axis and adrenal, thyroid and testicular function occur more frequently in hypertensive obese men with android distribution of adipose tissue.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Serum, salivary and urinary cortisol level in the evaluation of adrenocortical function in-patients with bronchial asthma.

56 patients with bronchial asthma (32 women and 24 men) and 31 healthy volunteers (19 women and 12 men) were investigated. The evaluation of the usefulness of salivary and urinary cortisol levels and urinary cortisol metabolites in 24-hr urine was conducted using the correlation coefficient between the cortisol level in the salivary or urine and that in blood serum. Very high correlation was found between the serum and salivary cortisol level (r=0.817). The correlation coefficient between the serum and urinary cortisol level in basal conditions was 0.759, while that between the saliva and urinary level was 0.723. A moderate degree of correlation (r=0.381) was demonstrated between serum cortisol level and 17-OHCS in urine. From these results it was concluded that salivary and urinary free cortisol level estimations may be a useful and non-invasive screening method of evaluating the glucocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex in asthma patients.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Activity of liver cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase system in morphine-dependent rats.

Young female Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with increasing doses of morphine (9-45 mg/kg b.w. twice a day) for 14 days. The activities of the cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase system and microsomal electron transport chain I were determined. Long-term morphine treatment decreased significantly cytochrome P-450 content, while it did not affect microsomal electron transport chain I. A decrease in cytochrome b5 content was accompanied by a compensatory increase in the activity of NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase. Both 4-aminopyrine N-demethylase activity and aniline hydroxylase activity decreased after morphine treatment (48% and 70%, respectively, when compared with controls).

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Estradiol and progesterone release form biodegradable d,l-lactide and epsilon-caprolactone copolymer.

A study on the release of 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone from d,l-lactide and epsilon-caprolactone copolymer was performed. The copolymer was used in the form of microsphere, d,l-lactide content in the copolymer was 83%. It was found that nearly constant rate of hormone release during 100 days of experiment can be achieved by using this biodegradable material as a drug carrier.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Circadian variations in serum levels of LH, FSH, estradiol, testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin in acromegalic women with menstrual disturbances before and after transsphenoidal adenectomy.

Day/night profiles of serum GH, PRL, IGF-I, LH, FSH, testosterone (TT and FT), estradiol (E2) and SHBG were estimated in 12 acromegalic women with GH- and PRL-producing pituitary adenomas and 13 patients with GH-secreting pituitary tumors before and 3 months after transsphenoidal adenectomy. All the subjects studied have had irregular menstrual cycles. Blood for profile determinations was drawn from a peripheral vein at 3 h intervals for three 24 h periods (starting at 08.00). Before surgery all acromegalic women had high mean 24 h GH and IGF-I levels (with irregular peaks) even in the absence of hyperprolactinemia. Postoperative mean 24 h GH level was still high only in 5 out of 25 women studied, and that of IGF-I in 10 of these patients. In 12 acromegalic women with preoperative hyperprolactinemia and disturbed 24 h fluctuations postoperative 24 h mean level of PRL and its circadian rhythm were normal. Before surgery, the circadian variations of pituitary-sex hormone levels and SHBG capacity in serum were not impaired. However, mean 24 h levels of LH, FSH, TT, FT E2 and SHBG were altered mainly in patients with mixed type of GH and PRL producing adenomas. This may be related to the increased activity of GH/IGF-I axis on the one hand and to the excess of PRL on the other. The postoperative normalization of pituitary-sex hormone levels and SHBG capacity in serum was noted only in women with normal 24 h circadian variations of IGF-I levels.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Effect operative weight reduction on Hypothalamo-Pituitary, -adrenal and -ovarian axes function in obese women with menstrual disturbances.

The aim of the study was to evaluate insulin (Ins), pituitary hormones (GH, PRL, LH, FSH), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) under basal conditions as well as the changes in GH, PRL and F levels after insulin-induced hypoglycemia in 21 obese women before and one year after jejunoileostomy as well as in 20 healthy female volunteers with normal body weight (aged 27 to 36 years). Before surgery all obese women had irregular menstrual cycles. In 14/21 non-operated morbidly obese women and after operative weight reduction (jejunoileostomy), the GH, PRL and F response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia was lower than that in non-obese healthy controls. No difference, however, was observed in GH, PRL and F secretion in non-operated obese women as compared with obese women after jejunoileostomy. Hypothalamic disturbances in the release of GH, PRL and F corresponded to higher levels of sex steroid hormones, IGF-I, and also to lower values of LH/FSH index and SHBG capacity in serum. After jejunoileostomy the pituitary-ovarian axis function as well as SHBG and IGF-I concentrations were normalized only in patients with a noted body mass reduction and with normal preoperative GH, PRL and F secretion dynamics. In these women the menstruation became regular.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Central adrenergic system does not contribute to morphine stimulated pineal secretion of melatonin.

The effect of long-term morphine treatment of rats subjected to central chemical sympathectomy (CCS) was studied. The experiment was performed on 7-week-old male Wistar rats. CCS was performed with 6-hydroxydopamine injected into the lateral ventricle of the brain. The serum concentration of melatonin was assayed by specific RIA. The study showed that morphine alone significantly increased melatonin concentrations in serum. CCS alone significantly decreased melatonin concentrations in serum at the time of highest secretory activity of the pineal gland. Long-term morphine treatment of rats subjected to CCS significantly increased the serum concentration of melatonin. Therefore, it may be concluded that the central adrenergic system does not take part in the morphine-stimulated secretion of melatonin.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

[Evaluation of selected parameters of collagen metabolism in rats after implantation of copolymer d,l-lactide and E-caprolacton with cortisol and progesterone].

Tests were carried out on the possibility of biodegradable copolymer d, l-lactide and E-caprolacton as a carrier system for a long-term substitution of progesterone and cortisole. During 120 days of the experiment almost linear profile of freeing of progesterone with average rate 0.5% of the initial amount of hormone (24 hours, what indicates a practical possibility of its application in hormonal substitution) was obtained. Simultaneously the influence of copolymer implants on the metabolism of collagen was tested marking the concentrations P I CP and P III NP in particular periods of the experiment. We did not notice any permanent changes of metabolism of collagen under the influence of the tested carrier system of the hormonal medicaments and the obtained changes of concentrations P I CP and P III NP are probably caused by the hormones freeing from the subgrade.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Changes in levels of noradrenaline and adrenaline in blood after exercise testing and transesophageal atrial pacing in patients with ischemic heart disease].

13 patients with ischaemic heart disease and 8 healthy subjects underwent exercise testing and transesophageal atrial pacing. Alternations in plasma noradrenaline, adrenaline as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure were determined. Mean plasma noradrenaline significantly increased after exercise effort in both groups of patients and it significantly correlated with the increase in systolic blood pressure. The essential increase in mean plasma noradrenaline was found after atrial pacing but the degree of increment was significantly higher after the exercise testing in both groups. The plasma adrenaline level showed a significant increase only during exercise in the ischaemic group. Considering to a more noticeable adrenergic response it can be concluded that exercise test is a more helpful method in diagnosis of ischaemic heart disease than transesophageal atrial pacing.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

ACTH secretion, circadian variations of salivary free and total serum cortisol and urinary 17-OHCS excretion in active acromegaly following bromocriptine treatment.

The serum levels of ACTH, PRL, GH, somatomedin-C and cortisol (also in saliva) and urinary 17-OHCS excretion were investigated in 37 acromegalic males after radiotherapy. According to bromocriptine test (BC) 20 subject were classified as responders, and 17 as non-responders. ACTH concentration was normal in all acromegalic patients and remained unchanged after BC administration. Mean 24-h level of serum total cortisol was lower in untreated patients and it increased after BC treatment only in responders. No disturbances in circadian rhythm of free cortisol were observed in any of patients. A significantly elevated excretion of 17-OHCS was found in responders before and in non-responders before and after BC administration. In untreated responders significantly increased levels of GH were found which decreased significantly after bromocriptine. In non-responders no difference was found between the values before and after BC, both being significantly higher than those in controls. In both groups of patients significantly increased levels of PRL were observed which after BC decreased to the control values. The levels of somatomedin-C were changing in parallel to those of GH described above.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗