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B Byl

Publications and source records attributed to B Byl.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

OM197-MP-AC induces the maturation of human dendritic cells and promotes a primary T cell response.

Dendritic cell (DC) maturation is critical for the induction of antigen-specific T lymphocyte responses and may be essential for the development of human vaccines relying on T cell immunity. We investigated the effects on human DC of OM-197, a synthetic pseudodipeptide derived from amino acids, linked to three fatty acid chains and devoid of endotoxin properties. OM-197 upregulated the expression of HLA-DR, CD80, CD86, CD83, CD40 and CD54 at the surface of myeloid DC naturally present in blood as well as of DC generated in vitro from monocytes using IL-4 and GM-CSF. OM-197 also induced the release of IL-12 and TNF-alpha from DC. Finally, DC incubated with OM-197 after pulsing with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) induced in vitro expansion of IFN-gamma-secreting HBs Ag-specific CD4(+) T lymphocytes from naive individuals. Taken together, these data identify OM-197 as a potential vaccine adjuvant for the induction of Th1-type responses.

CD4 Antigens↗
PubMed2003

Clinical impact of a PCR assay for identification of Staphylococcus aureus and determination of methicillin resistance directly from blood cultures.

We evaluated the clinical usefulness of a PCR assay that discriminates Staphylococcus aureus from coagulase-negative staphylococci and detects methicillin resistance on blood cultures by measuring the adaptation of antimicrobial therapy based on the PCR results. Only 7 of 28 patients (25%) benefited from a modification of antibiotic therapy based on the PCR results, since empirical therapy was appropriate in a majority of cases.

Blood↗
PubMed2002

[The hospital epidemiology and hygiene unit].

The hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control Unit aims at preventing nosocomial infections and controlling epidemics. In this field, several researches have contributed to improve the knowledge of infections secondary to biliary endoscopy, of epidemics of nosocomial Legionella and multiresistant gram negative and Staphylococcus aureus infections. Studies about the rational use of antibiotics have contributed to a better control of the transmission of multiresistant pathogens.

Belgium↗
PubMed2002

[The infective diseases clinic].

The Clinic of Infectious Diseases was created at Erasme Hospital in 1980. Its main activity consists in taking care of patients with infectious complications in various hospital departments. Its main scientific contributions concern the evaluation of new treatments, pharmacokinetics of antimicrobial agents and physiopathology of sepsis. The evaluation of the impact of infectious diseases on the appropriateness of antimicrobial therapy and the control of infection is a major contribution of the clinic. Several works concern the study of the immune response in case of infection due to an intracellular pathogen and in response to vaccination.

Belgium↗
PubMed2001

Fatal primary infection due to human herpesvirus 6 variant A in a renal transplant recipient.

We describe a fatal primary human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) variant A infection in a kidney transplanted adult woman. On day 20 post transplantation (TX), after rejection therapy, the patient presented an acute hemophagocytic syndrome with hepatitis and central nervous system involvement. HHV-6 IgG and IgM antibodies seroconversion was demonstrated. HHV-6 variant A was the sole pathogen detected by nested PCR and/or culture in blood, bone marrow aspiration, liver biopsy, cerebrospinal fluid and bronchoalveolar lavage. The graft was HHV-6 seropositive and the patient was not transfused before day 28 post TX, suggesting that the virus was transmitted by the graft. Despite immunoglobulins, ganciclovir and foscarnet therapy, the HHV-6 infection progressed and led to severe aplasia. The patient developed Aspergillus fumigatus pneumonia and died from fulminant candidemia. This case demonstrated for the first time that HHV-6 variant A primary infection can cause life-threatening disseminated infection in immunosuppressed patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Ceftazidime- and imipenem-induced endotoxin release during treatment of gram-negative infections.

To determine whether ceftazidime and imipenem, which target two different penicillin-binding proteins, result in different amounts of endotoxin and cytokine release in patients with gram-negative infection, plasma endotoxin, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha were measured during the first 24 h of antibiotic therapy in 27 patients with gram-negative infection who had been randomized to receive either ceftazidime 2 g t.i.d. (n=12) or imipenem/cilastatin 1 g t.i.d. (n=15). The source of infection was the digestive tract (n=13), the urinary tract (n=5), the respiratory tract (n=2), soft tissue (n=2), i.v. line (n=2), or other (n=3). After the first antibiotic injection, a significant increase in the median concentration of plasma interleukin-6 and plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha was noted, without significant differences related to the antibiotic administered. Antibiotic-induced endotoxemia was detectable in nine patients (including 7 with bacteremia). In conclusion, ceftazidime and imipenem had similar effects on endotoxin and cytokine release during the treatment of gram-negative infections.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed2000

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Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Single cell analysis of antigen-specific T cell responses in HIV-infected individuals.

Antigen-specific and polyclonally induced T cell responses were analyzed in 10 HIV-infected individuals and in 14 controls by enumerating the numbers of tetanus toxoid (TT)-specific and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced IFN-gamma-secreting cells (SC) and IL-4-SC using an enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Whereas the numbers of IFN-gamma-SC in HIV-infected patients were not different from those of the controls in response to an in vitro stimulation with PHA, they were significantly decreased in response to an in vitro stimulation with TT, both before and after a TT booster. Cell depletion experiments indicated that this difference was related to an impairment of CD4(+) T-cell-mediated TT-specific IFN-gamma secretion. Concerning IL-4, the numbers of both polyclonally induced IL-4-SC and TT-specific IL-4-SC were significantly lower in HIV-infected patients than in the controls. It is concluded that secretion of antigen-specific cytokines of both Th1 and Th2 types is depressed in HIV-infected patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Impact of infectious diseases specialists and microbiological data on the appropriateness of antimicrobial therapy for bacteremia.

Antimicrobial therapy for 428 episodes of bacteremia in an 850-bed university hospital was prospectively evaluated for 1 year to measure the impact of two factors--blood culture results and the therapy chosen by infectious diseases specialists (IDSs)--on quality of treatment and outcome. Initial shock, a simplified acute physiology score of >15, and inappropriateness of the empirical treatment were independently associated with increased mortality. Empirical treatment was appropriate in 63% of the episodes. This proportion reached 78% for the episodes treated by IDSs, compared with 54% for the others (P < .001). After availability of blood culture results, the proportion of appropriate treatments increased to 94%, with 97% for IDS-treated patients and 89% for other patients (P = .008). IDSs more frequently shifted to oral antibiotics and used fewer broad-spectrum drugs. This study underlines the impact of blood culture results and of IDSs on the prescription of appropriate treatment for bacteremia and on the better use of antimicrobial drugs.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1999

Penetration of meropenem in lung, bronchial mucosa, and pleural tissues.

Lung, bronchial mucosa, and pleural tissue samples were obtained from 14 patients undergoing lung surgery 1 to 5 h after administration of 1 g of meropenem. The mean (range) peak concentrations of meropenem were 3.9 (0.2 to 8.2), 6.6 (3.0 to 13.3), and 2.8 (0.6 to 7.8) mg/kg of tissue, respectively, exceeding the MICs at which 90% of isolates are inhibited for most respiratory pathogens.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Bacterial extract OM85-BV induces interleukin-12-dependent IFN-gamma production by human CD4+ T cells.

To obtain insight into the possible mode of action of bacterial extracts used as immunostimulants in Europe, we used the ELISPOT technique to investigate the effects of one of them (OM85-BV, Broncho-Vaxom) on interferon-y (IFN-gamma) production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). We found that (1) OM85-BV stimulates IFN-gamma secretion by PBMC from normal individuals and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, (2) CD4+ cells represent the major source of IFN-gamma produced in response to OM85-BV, and (3) this effect of OM85-BV involves the induction of interleukin-12 (IL-12) secretion by accessory cells. We conclude that bacterial extracts might enhance antimicrobial defenses by eliciting IL-12-dependent IFN-gamma synthesis by CD4+ T cells.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1998

The patient with intravascular lines.

Vascular catheters are the most frequently used indwelling devices. Infections are potentially life-threatening complications of their use, and account for an important proportion of nosocomial infections. Diagnostic methods include essentially semi-quantitative culture of catheter tip and blood culture. For treatment of most catheter-related infections, the catheter should be removed, and antibiotics should be associated in case of systemic infection. Surgically inserted central venous catheter may be maintained in some conditions depending both from the nature of the pathogen and the severity of the infection. These different aspects of catheter infections are reviewed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1995

Antibiotic prophylaxis for infectious complications after therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of antibiotic prophylaxis before diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in 82 uninfected patients with cholestasis due to biliary tree obstruction of single or multiple causes. The patients were assigned to receive piperacillin (4 g) or placebo three times daily; prophylaxis was started just before initial ERCP and was continued until biliary drainage was completely unobstructed (by one or more ERCP procedures); the maximal duration of prophylaxis was 7 days. Nine patients were withdrawn from the study, and five others could not be assessed because of protocol violations. The 68 clinically evaluable patients underwent 81 therapeutic ERCP procedures. Clinical success (defined as an absence of fever, cholangitis, and clinical signs of sepsis during the 48 hours after the last dose of piperacillin or placebo) was documented for 32 (94%) of the 34 patients given piperacillin and for 24 (71%) of the 34 patients given placebo (odds ratio, 6.66; P = .01). Complete biliary drainage influenced clinical outcome favorably (odds ratio, 5.0; P = .02). All seven instances of bacteriologic failure (bacteremia) involved patients in the placebo group (P < .01). We concluded that antimicrobial prophylaxis significantly reduces the incidence of septic complications after therapeutic ERCP among patients presenting with cholestasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Interleukin-10 production during septicaemia.

Interleukin-10 is produced during incubation of human whole blood with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and down-regulates tumour necrosis factor-alpha production in this in-vitro model of endotoxaemia. 39 out of 69 (57%) patients with gram-negative (n = 25) or gram-positive septicaemia (n = 44) had increased plasma interleukin-10 (range 12-2740 pg/mL), whereas interleukin-10 was undetectable in 29 out of 33 control patients without infection and in 20 healthy volunteers. Patients with septic shock (n = 21) had higher interleukin-10 (main 58 pg/mL) than septicaemic patients without shock (11 pg/mL, p < 0.001). We conclude that interleukin-10 is produced during sepsis and might be involved in the control of the inflammatory response induced by bacterial products.

Adult↗