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Biomedical subjects

B C Campbell

Publications and source records attributed to B C Campbell.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Menstrual variation in salivary testosterone among regularly cycling women.

To determine menstrual variation in salivary testosterone daily saliva samples were collected from 20 regularly cycling women. Results indicate that the menstrual profile of salivary testosterone for both ovulatory and anovulatory cycles exhibits local peaks during the follicular phase and at midcycle, as well as a luteal trough. However, the testosterone profile for anovulatory cycles exhibited a later midcycle peak than that for ovulatory cycles, as well as significantly higher average testosterone levels. These results extend the observation of a midcycle peak in serum testosterone to saliva and suggest the existence of a follicular peak in unbound testosterone coincident with the early androgen production of a cohort of developing follicles.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The association between lead concentrations in teeth and domestic water lead concentrations.

Tooth lead levels have been measured in 109 children living in Glasgow. A significant association has been demonstrated between molar tooth lead concentrations and domestic drinking water lead concentrations. Tooth lead concentrations were found to be greater the longer a child had liver in older housing with lead plumbing during foetal life and following birth. Tooth lead concentrations were also found to be age-related although no difference with respect to social class could be found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Delta-aminolaevulinic acid metabolism in normal and lead-exposed humans.

The activity of the haem biosynthetic enzymes delta-aminolaevulinic acid synthetase (ALA.S) and delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA.D) were measured in the peripheral blood of a group of lead workers and control subjects. The haem precursor delta-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) was measured in blood and urine, whilst lead levels were measured in whole blood. The inter-relationships between all these parameters were examined and quantified. The results demonstrate that above a blood lead concentration of 2 mumole/l and below an erythrocyte ALA.D activity of 18 nmole ALA utlized/min/ml red blood cells (R.B.C.), Haem synthesis is depressed to such an extent that the activity of leucocyte ALA.S, the rate-limiting enzyme of haem biosynthesis, is increased by negative feedback.

5-Aminolevulinate Synthetase↗
PubMed1978

Erythrocyte delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase activity and changes in delta-aminolaevulinic acid concentration in various forms of anaemia.

Whole blood delta-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) concentrations and erythrocyte ALA dehydratase activity have been measured in patients with iron deficiency anaemia, megaloblastic anaemia and secondary anaemia, and in normal subjects. ALA concentration was found to be significantly increased in all types of anaemia compared with normal. Erythrocyte ALA dehydratase activity was significantly increased in iron deficiency and megaloblastic anaemia but not in secondary anaemia.

Aminolevulinic Acid↗
PubMed1978

Haem biosynthesis in rheumatoid disease.

The activities in blood of six enzymes of the haem biosynthetic pathway have been determined in 12 patients with rheumatoid disease, six of whom were anaemic. The porphyrin and porphyrin-precursor intermediary products of haem biosynthesis were also determined in blood, urine and faeces. No significant differences were found between anaemic and non-anaemic subjects. Failure of delta-amino-laevulinate synthase activity to increase in response to anaemia may be the nature of the marrow unresponsiveness suggested as one factor in the causation of the anaemia. Normal ferrochelatase activity and normal concentrations of free protoporphyrin support the view that iron is effectively unavailable although present in normal amounts. Coproporphyrinogen oxidase activity was significantly depressed.

5-Aminolevulinate Synthetase↗
PubMed1977

The effects of industrial lead poisoning on cytochrome P450 mediated phenazone (antipyrine) hydroxylation.

In a group of ten male adults admitted to hospital with clinical symptoms of lead exposure, phenazone, elimination rates, blood delta-amino-laevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA.D) activity, blood lead levels and haemoglobin were measured. Investigations were carried out before, immediately after and again at least 12 weeks after cessation of CaEDTA (sodium calcium edetate) chelation therapy. Following chelation, phenazone elimination rates were increased as assessed by a decrease in half life and increase in clearance. This was significant, both immediately after and 12 weeks after cessation of chelation therapy. The change in rate of phenazone metabolism was associated with improved clinical status, with lowered blood lead levels and raised haemoglobin and ALA.D activity. The results of the study suggest that the depression in phenazone elimination in lead intoxication is possibly due to depressed hepatic cytochrome P450 levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Renal insufficiency associated with excessive lead exposure.

Water lead concentrations were measured in 970 households throughout Scotland. Blood lead concentrations were measured in 283 people living in houses with water lead levels of over 0-48 mumol/l (100 mug/l). A highly significant correlation was found between lead concentrations in water and blood. Raised blood lead concentrations were associated with renal insufficiency, reflected in raised serum urea concentrations, and with hyperuricaemia, although there was no evidence of clinical disease in any of the affected people. This is further evidence that excessive lead in domestic water supplies has a harmful effect on the community's health.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMed1977

Alterations in the activity of enzymes of haem biosynthesis in lead poisoning and acute hepatic prophyria.

1. The activities of six of the enzymes of haem biosynthesis have been assayed in peripheral blood from patients with lead poisoning, acute intermittent porphyria or hereditary coproprophyria. 2. Compared with normal subjects the lead-poisoned subjects had highly significant depression of delta-aminolaevulinate dehydratase, coproporphyrinogen oxidase and ferrochelatase. 3. Lead-poisoned subjects had highly significant elevation of delta-aminolaevulinate synthase activity. 4. delta-Aminolaevulinate synthase activity was inversely related to the haemoglobin concentration. 5. Increased delta-aminolaevulinate synthase and decreased delta-aminolaevulinate dehydratase activity are also found in acute intermittent porphyria. 6. Increased delta-aminolaevulinate synthase, normal prophobilinogen deaminase and uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase and decreased coproporphyrinogen oxidase are found in both lead poisoning and hereditary coproporphyria. 7. These enzyme changes explain the recognized patterns of porphyrins and prophyrin precurosrs in blood and urine in these conditions.

5-Aminolevulinate Synthetase↗
PubMed1977

Lead poisoning in a group of demolition workers.

The incidence of lead poisoning in industry has fallen dramatically since the beginning of the twentieth century. This reduction has been partly attributable to increased awareness, improved ventilation and hygiene facilities, and technical changes which have allowed other substances to replace lead, but improved medical surveillance of workers exposed to lead in certain defined industries has also been important. Not all industries where lead exposure can occur are at present covered by specific regulations dealing with lead, however. We report the diagnosis and treatment of eleven oxyacetylene metal burners involved in the demolition of a railway station, who rapidly developed frank lead poisoning. The most suitable measurements to employ in evaluating such a population are considered. The selection, based on blood lead and haemoglobin measurements, of those who should receive further treatment is discussed. Symptoms were found to be more nearly related to indices of effect or toxicity of lead than to indices of exposure or absorption. The effects of chelation therapy upon symptoms, blood lead, haemoglobin and urinary porphyrins are recorded. The need for careful follow-up is illustrated.

Aminolevulinic Acid↗
PubMed1976

Blood-cadmium in hypertensives and normotensives.

70 hypertensive patients and 70 controls matched for age and sex were investigated for a possible relationship between blood-cadmium and hypertension. No significant differences between the two groups were detected, although the blood-cadmium level was significantly higher in smokers as compared to non-smokers. These data do not support the hypothesis that cadmium is involved in the development of hypertension in man.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1976

Blood-lead and hypertension.

Blood and tap-water lead levels were examined in 135 hypertensives and 135 age and sex matched normotensives. Among male hypertensives there was a significant excess of cases with high blood-lead levels and a similar but statistically non-significant trend was found amongst female hypertensives. A positive correlation was found between blood-lead and tap-water lead. It is concluded that in the West of Scotland high blood-pressure is associated with high blood-lead levels, which might explain the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease in the area.

Blood Pressure↗