Biomedical subjects

B C Coffey

Publications and source records attributed to B C Coffey.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1993

Pneumonia and stress ulceration in severely injured patients. A prospective evaluation of the effects of stress ulcer prophylaxis.

Stress ulcer prophylaxis is a routine aspect of the care of critically injured patients. Recent reports have suggested that patients undergoing prophylaxis with histamine antagonists are predisposed to nosocomial pneumonia, and that treatment with sucralfate can prevent this problem. An open, prospective randomized trial of three regimens was conducted with 278 evaluable patients. The patients were assigned to one of three group: the group receiving sucralfate, the group receiving a cimetidine hydrochloride bolus, and the group undergoing continuous infusion with cimetidine. Stress ulceration developed in 8% of patients in the sucralfate group, 13% of patients in the cimetidine bolus group, and 12% of patients in the cimetidine infusion group, while nosocomial pneumonia developed in 29% of patients in the sucralfate group, 32% of patients in the cimetidine bolus group, and 23% of patients in the cimetidine infusion group. Multivariate analysis of risk factors associated with pneumonia demonstrated independent significance for score on the Glasgow Coma Scale, Injury Severity Score, cord injury, shock, and head injury. Only spinal cord injury was associated with stress ulceration. We conclude that sucralfate and cimetidine are both effective for stress ulcer prophylaxis and that there is no association of cimetidine with nosocomial pneumonia.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1990

Algorithm for assessing renal dysfunction risk in critically ill trauma patients receiving aminoglycosides.

A recent retrospective study proposed that the following screening criteria be used in identifying critically ill trauma patients receiving aminoglycosides who are at significant risk to develop renal dysfunction: (1) post-admission shock, (2) minimum serum concentration more than 2 mg/L, and (3) diagnosis of septicemia. The major purpose of the present study was to validate these criteria and design a corresponding algorithm for clinical use. All patients admitted to a trauma intensive care unit and receiving an aminoglycosides was also studied. All patients studied over a 7-month period. A control group not receiving aminoglycosides was also studied. All patients were evaluated for the presence of renal dysfunction (i.e., serum creatinine increase greater than or equal to 0.5 mg/dL). Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used to compare potential associated risk factors. The overall renal dysfunction incidence was 10% in the treatment patients (n = 93) versus 5% in the control patients (n = 199) (p = 0.13). Sensitivity and specificity of the screening criteria were 67% and 92%, respectively. The predictive values of a positive and negative test relative to correctly labeling patients at high risk or low risk to develop renal dysfunction were 46% and 96%, respectively. Major risk factors associated with renal dysfunction in the treatment group were post-admission shock, minimum serum concentration more than 2 mg/L, and liver dysfunction. Use of three major risk factors has excellent predictive value in identifying severely traumatized patients at low risk for developing renal dysfunction while receiving aminoglycosides. The modest predictive value of a positive test results in conservative management of patients by avoidance of aminoglycosides, i.e., use of alternative antimicrobial agents.

Acute Kidney Injury↗

PubMed1990

Drug use in a trauma intensive-care unit.

Medication prescribing patterns and costs of specific drug therapies in a trauma intensive-care unit (TICU) were studied. Demographic data and total drug use (scheduled, p.r.n., and single-dose medications) were recorded for all patients admitted to a TICU whose length of stay exceeded 24 hours. Scheduled and p.r.n. medications were categorized into major drug classes for purposes of analysis. Cost estimates were calculated for all scheduled medications. Correlations were made between demographic variables, injury severity indices, drug use, and length of stay by using simple linear regression. A one-way ANOVA was used to compare drug use between the trauma types. For the 278 patients who met the inclusion criteria, the mean +/- S.D. number of drugs prescribed was 9.1 +/- 6.5. Scheduled medications accounted for 58% of total drug use. Mean +/- S.D. duration of scheduled drug therapy was 5.0 +/- 4.8 days. Age (by decade), injury severity score, trauma score, and length of stay correlated with total and scheduled drug use per patient. Drug use (total, scheduled, and p.r.n.) did not differ significantly by trauma type. Antimicrobial therapy, stress ulcer prophylaxis, and bronchodilator therapy accounted for more than 66% of all scheduled drugs used; total cost estimates for these three drug categories exceeded $47,000 over the six-month study period. Analgesics, antipyretics, sedatives, and muscle relaxants constituted nearly 75% of all p.r.n. drug orders. Drug use in the TICU was extensive. The drug categories identified in this study may be useful in future cost containment efforts and initiation of drug use evaluations.

Adolescent↗